数字音频广播系统基带建模仿真及信道解码电路设计
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摘要
数字音频广播(Digital Audio Broadcasting-DAB)是继调幅(AM)、调频(FM)之后的第三代广播,其以数字技术为基础,对信号进行音频数字编码、数据压缩、纠错编码和数字调制。
目前国内对DAB基带解码芯片的研究多是基于DSP,面对未来DAB未来巨大的消费市场必须要设计基带解码专用集成电路,而且国内对发射基站的建设研究也很少。针对这种情况,本文分析了DAB基带系统结构,并利用MATLAB与SIMULINK相结合的平台搭建了基带系统的模型并进行仿真,模型可以在规范规定的四种模式下正常工作,为基带解码芯片的专用集成电路设计提供了必要测试平台,同时为发射基站的设计提供了重要依据。
模型加入多径衰落信道模型和高斯白噪声信道,本文仿真中把AWGN信道分为E_b/N_0=2.5dB,5dB,10dB,20dB四种情况,分别讨论分析了多普勒频移对控制信道和主信道在最低级、最高级音频编码保护等级下的性能影响,其它保护等级的性能位于这两者之间。从而得到不同情况下的信道误码率,最后通过一副768*768的Lena图像与经过信道传输解码恢复后的Lena图像对比,使信道性能更为直观。
最后进行了信道解码(解能量扩散、Viterbi译码、解时间交织)的电路设计,完成了RTL代码编写、功能仿真。
模型仿真结果表明,本文所搭建的模型完全符合我国广播电影电视总局于2006年5月10日颁布的我国数字音频广播标准——((30MHz～3000MHz地面数字音频广播系统技术规范》,电路设计部分在本文搭建的模型平台上测试证明功能正确。
Digital Audio Broadcast is the third era broadcast after the AM、FM traditional broadcast based on digital technology with digital audio coding,data compression,error correcting coding, and digital modulation.
Most of domestic researches on DAB base-band decoding are based on DSP at present.We must make an ASIC design of DAB decoder on base-band facing the huge market.Moreover, the research on transmitting station is very rare in our country.System model in this paper is built based on SIMULINK and MATLAB.The model can Operate at four transmission modes. And it provides test platform for ASIC design of DAB base-band decoding and provides important proof for design of transmitting station.
Multipath fading channel and AWGN channel are added to the model.AWGN channel is divided into four cases:E_b/N_0=2.5dB,5dB,10dB,20dB and then discuss and analyze properties of FIC and MSC under the highest and the lowest coding protection level respectively affected by Doppler shift.The others are between the highest and the lowest level.We get BERs of the channel under different conditions at last.A Lena gray image is transformed through the system for intuitive experience of properties of channel.
At the last of this paper,circuit design of channel decoding including energy de-dispersal, Viterbi decoder and time de-interleaver is gave out.RTL codes and function simulations have been done.
Model Simulation results show that the structures are fully consistent with "Specification of 30MHz-3000MHz terrestrial digital audio broadcasting system" which was issued by The State Administration of Radio Film and Television of China on May 10th,2006,and circuit design of channel decoder work well which is tested by the system model.
目前国内对DAB基带解码芯片的研究多是基于DSP,面对未来DAB未来巨大的消费市场必须要设计基带解码专用集成电路,而且国内对发射基站的建设研究也很少。针对这种情况,本文分析了DAB基带系统结构,并利用MATLAB与SIMULINK相结合的平台搭建了基带系统的模型并进行仿真,模型可以在规范规定的四种模式下正常工作,为基带解码芯片的专用集成电路设计提供了必要测试平台,同时为发射基站的设计提供了重要依据。
模型加入多径衰落信道模型和高斯白噪声信道,本文仿真中把AWGN信道分为E_b/N_0=2.5dB,5dB,10dB,20dB四种情况,分别讨论分析了多普勒频移对控制信道和主信道在最低级、最高级音频编码保护等级下的性能影响,其它保护等级的性能位于这两者之间。从而得到不同情况下的信道误码率,最后通过一副768*768的Lena图像与经过信道传输解码恢复后的Lena图像对比,使信道性能更为直观。
最后进行了信道解码(解能量扩散、Viterbi译码、解时间交织)的电路设计,完成了RTL代码编写、功能仿真。
模型仿真结果表明,本文所搭建的模型完全符合我国广播电影电视总局于2006年5月10日颁布的我国数字音频广播标准——((30MHz～3000MHz地面数字音频广播系统技术规范》,电路设计部分在本文搭建的模型平台上测试证明功能正确。
Digital Audio Broadcast is the third era broadcast after the AM、FM traditional broadcast based on digital technology with digital audio coding,data compression,error correcting coding, and digital modulation.
Most of domestic researches on DAB base-band decoding are based on DSP at present.We must make an ASIC design of DAB decoder on base-band facing the huge market.Moreover, the research on transmitting station is very rare in our country.System model in this paper is built based on SIMULINK and MATLAB.The model can Operate at four transmission modes. And it provides test platform for ASIC design of DAB base-band decoding and provides important proof for design of transmitting station.
Multipath fading channel and AWGN channel are added to the model.AWGN channel is divided into four cases:E_b/N_0=2.5dB,5dB,10dB,20dB and then discuss and analyze properties of FIC and MSC under the highest and the lowest coding protection level respectively affected by Doppler shift.The others are between the highest and the lowest level.We get BERs of the channel under different conditions at last.A Lena gray image is transformed through the system for intuitive experience of properties of channel.
At the last of this paper,circuit design of channel decoding including energy de-dispersal, Viterbi decoder and time de-interleaver is gave out.RTL codes and function simulations have been done.
Model Simulation results show that the structures are fully consistent with "Specification of 30MHz-3000MHz terrestrial digital audio broadcasting system" which was issued by The State Administration of Radio Film and Television of China on May 10th,2006,and circuit design of channel decoder work well which is tested by the system model.
引文
[1]舒启辉.走进数字音频广播技术[J].广播与电视技术,2005,(11):17-19.
[2]王新刚.浅谈数字音频广播[J].西部广播电视,2005,(9):13-15.
[3]Kenichi TAURA,Masahiro TSUJISHITA,Hiroaki KAT0,Masuyuki TAKEDA,Masayuki ISHIDA,Yoshinobu ISHIDA.A digital audio broadcast(DAB)receiver,IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics,Aug.1996,42(3):322-327.
[4]iBuiquity Digital Corporation,IBOC FM Transmission Specification Appendix[EB/OL].http://www.ibiquity.com/technology/pdf/Specification.pdf.Aug.2001,6-27.
[5]王定.全数字FM IBOC DAB系统仿真研究与模块的ASIC前端设计[D].西安:西安理工大学硕士学位论文,2007,7-10,42-43.
[6]Radio Broadcasting Systems:Digital Audio Broadcasting(DAB)to Mobile,Portable and Fixed Receivers[S],ETSI EN 300 401,Sep.2000,1(1):1-222.
[7]GY/T 214-2006.30MHz-3000MHz地面数字音频广播系统技术规范[S].北京:国家广播电影电视总局广播电视规划院,2006:13-150.
[8]Istis.开启广播新应用:数字音频广播(DAB)简介及目前国际使用现状.上海情报服务台:http://www.istis.sh.cn/list/list.asp?id=1521.2005.
[9]仇佩亮,陈惠芳,谢磊.数字通信基础[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2007:76-80.
[10]佟学检,罗涛.OFDM一定通信技术原理与应用[M].北京:人民邮电山版社,2003:10-15,119-122.
[11]尹长川,罗涛,乐光新.多载波宽带无线通信技术[M].北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2004:13-16.
[12]吴大雷,袁东风,江铭炎,张海霞,王承祥.采用时间和频率交织的COFDM系统在COST 207频率选择性衰落信道下的性能研究[J].山东大学学报(理学版),2004,39(1):89-92.
[13]Yun Hee Kim,Iichho Song.Performanve Analysis of a Coded OFDM System in Time2Varying Multipath Rayleigh Fading Channels[J].IEEE Trans on Vehicular Technology,1999,48(5):1610-1615.
[14]樊昌信,张甫诩,吴成柯.通信原理[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2001:326-342.
[15]Gilhousen K.S.,Jacobs,I.M.,Padovani R.,etc.On the capacity of a cellular CDMA system.IEEE Trans.Vehicular Technology,40(2),1991.
[16]J.B.Cain,G.C.Clark and J.M.Geist,Punctured convoiutional codes of rate(n-1)/n and simplified maximum likelihood decoding[J],IEEE Trans.Theory,Jan.1979,vol IT-25.97-100.
[17]张赟隆.交织与解交织的算法研究及FPGA实现[D].西安:西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[18]Kiyoshi,Nomura,Kanagawa.Null symbol position detecting method,Null symbol position detecting apparatus,and receiver.Sony Corporation,Tokyo,US Patent No.US 6,731,702 B1.
[19]B.R.Vinod and S.Srikanth.A Null Symbol Detection Algorithm for DAB Receivers.IEEE-ICSCN 2007,MIT Campus,Anna University,Chennai,India.Feb.22-24,2007,312-315.
[20]Bertrand Muquet,Zhengdao Wang,Georgios B,et al.Cyclic prefixing or zero padding for wireless multicarrier transmissions IEEE Transactions on common.,vol.50,no.12,Dec 2002,pp.2136-2148.
[21]Richard Van Nee,Ramjee Prasad.OFDM for Wireless Multimedia Communications[M].Boston·London:39-41.
[22]Peled A,Ruiz A.Frequency domain data transmission using reduced computational complexity algorithms.In proc.of ICASSP,1980,pp.964-967.
[23]孙屹.Simulink通信仿真开发手册[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2005,20-25.
[24]Viterbi,A.J.Error bounds for convolutional codes an asymptotically optimum decoding algorithm.IEEE Trans.Inform.Theory,vol.IT-13,1967:260-269.
[25]G.D.Forney.The Viterbi algorithm.Proc.IEEE,vol.61,pp.268-278.
[26]佟学俭.正交频分复用(OFDM)通信系统内若干关键技术的研究[D].北京:北京邮电大学硕士学位论文,2001.
[27]张菊茜.OFDM系统关键技术研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学工学博士学位论文,2006.
[28]Lukas M.Gaetzi and Malcolm 0.J.Hawksford.Performance prediction of DAB modulation and transmission using Matlab modeling.IEEE,2004:272-277.
[29]刘阳美,余宁梅,宋连国,王韬.一种串行Viterbi译码器的FPGA设计与实现[J].电子器件,2007,30(5):1890-1893.
[30]孙晓岩,付永庆,张文鑫.Viterbi译码器的FPGA实现技术研究[J].应用科技,2003,30(5):11-13.
[31]关红波.用于GPS接收端的Viterbi译码器的ASIC设计[D].成都:电子科技大学硕士学位论文,2003.
[32]胡永江,徐昌庆,常春泉.Viterbi译码器的FPGA实现[J].光通信技术,2005,(10):62-64.
[33]吴大雷,李兴江,袁东风.卷积码Viterbi译码器的硬件实现[J].山东电子,2001,(4):35-37.
[34]魏忠义,覃祥菊.Viterbi译码器的的FPGA设计实现与优化[J].西安工程科技学院学报,2005,19(1):75-78.
[35]刘阳美.UWB中Viterbi译码器的FPGA设计与实现[D].西安:西安理工大学硕士学位论文,2007.11-49.
[2]王新刚.浅谈数字音频广播[J].西部广播电视,2005,(9):13-15.
[3]Kenichi TAURA,Masahiro TSUJISHITA,Hiroaki KAT0,Masuyuki TAKEDA,Masayuki ISHIDA,Yoshinobu ISHIDA.A digital audio broadcast(DAB)receiver,IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics,Aug.1996,42(3):322-327.
[4]iBuiquity Digital Corporation,IBOC FM Transmission Specification Appendix[EB/OL].http://www.ibiquity.com/technology/pdf/Specification.pdf.Aug.2001,6-27.
[5]王定.全数字FM IBOC DAB系统仿真研究与模块的ASIC前端设计[D].西安:西安理工大学硕士学位论文,2007,7-10,42-43.
[6]Radio Broadcasting Systems:Digital Audio Broadcasting(DAB)to Mobile,Portable and Fixed Receivers[S],ETSI EN 300 401,Sep.2000,1(1):1-222.
[7]GY/T 214-2006.30MHz-3000MHz地面数字音频广播系统技术规范[S].北京:国家广播电影电视总局广播电视规划院,2006:13-150.
[8]Istis.开启广播新应用:数字音频广播(DAB)简介及目前国际使用现状.上海情报服务台:http://www.istis.sh.cn/list/list.asp?id=1521.2005.
[9]仇佩亮,陈惠芳,谢磊.数字通信基础[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2007:76-80.
[10]佟学检,罗涛.OFDM一定通信技术原理与应用[M].北京:人民邮电山版社,2003:10-15,119-122.
[11]尹长川,罗涛,乐光新.多载波宽带无线通信技术[M].北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2004:13-16.
[12]吴大雷,袁东风,江铭炎,张海霞,王承祥.采用时间和频率交织的COFDM系统在COST 207频率选择性衰落信道下的性能研究[J].山东大学学报(理学版),2004,39(1):89-92.
[13]Yun Hee Kim,Iichho Song.Performanve Analysis of a Coded OFDM System in Time2Varying Multipath Rayleigh Fading Channels[J].IEEE Trans on Vehicular Technology,1999,48(5):1610-1615.
[14]樊昌信,张甫诩,吴成柯.通信原理[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2001:326-342.
[15]Gilhousen K.S.,Jacobs,I.M.,Padovani R.,etc.On the capacity of a cellular CDMA system.IEEE Trans.Vehicular Technology,40(2),1991.
[16]J.B.Cain,G.C.Clark and J.M.Geist,Punctured convoiutional codes of rate(n-1)/n and simplified maximum likelihood decoding[J],IEEE Trans.Theory,Jan.1979,vol IT-25.97-100.
[17]张赟隆.交织与解交织的算法研究及FPGA实现[D].西安:西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[18]Kiyoshi,Nomura,Kanagawa.Null symbol position detecting method,Null symbol position detecting apparatus,and receiver.Sony Corporation,Tokyo,US Patent No.US 6,731,702 B1.
[19]B.R.Vinod and S.Srikanth.A Null Symbol Detection Algorithm for DAB Receivers.IEEE-ICSCN 2007,MIT Campus,Anna University,Chennai,India.Feb.22-24,2007,312-315.
[20]Bertrand Muquet,Zhengdao Wang,Georgios B,et al.Cyclic prefixing or zero padding for wireless multicarrier transmissions IEEE Transactions on common.,vol.50,no.12,Dec 2002,pp.2136-2148.
[21]Richard Van Nee,Ramjee Prasad.OFDM for Wireless Multimedia Communications[M].Boston·London:39-41.
[22]Peled A,Ruiz A.Frequency domain data transmission using reduced computational complexity algorithms.In proc.of ICASSP,1980,pp.964-967.
[23]孙屹.Simulink通信仿真开发手册[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2005,20-25.
[24]Viterbi,A.J.Error bounds for convolutional codes an asymptotically optimum decoding algorithm.IEEE Trans.Inform.Theory,vol.IT-13,1967:260-269.
[25]G.D.Forney.The Viterbi algorithm.Proc.IEEE,vol.61,pp.268-278.
[26]佟学俭.正交频分复用(OFDM)通信系统内若干关键技术的研究[D].北京:北京邮电大学硕士学位论文,2001.
[27]张菊茜.OFDM系统关键技术研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学工学博士学位论文,2006.
[28]Lukas M.Gaetzi and Malcolm 0.J.Hawksford.Performance prediction of DAB modulation and transmission using Matlab modeling.IEEE,2004:272-277.
[29]刘阳美,余宁梅,宋连国,王韬.一种串行Viterbi译码器的FPGA设计与实现[J].电子器件,2007,30(5):1890-1893.
[30]孙晓岩,付永庆,张文鑫.Viterbi译码器的FPGA实现技术研究[J].应用科技,2003,30(5):11-13.
[31]关红波.用于GPS接收端的Viterbi译码器的ASIC设计[D].成都:电子科技大学硕士学位论文,2003.
[32]胡永江,徐昌庆,常春泉.Viterbi译码器的FPGA实现[J].光通信技术,2005,(10):62-64.
[33]吴大雷,李兴江,袁东风.卷积码Viterbi译码器的硬件实现[J].山东电子,2001,(4):35-37.
[34]魏忠义,覃祥菊.Viterbi译码器的的FPGA设计实现与优化[J].西安工程科技学院学报,2005,19(1):75-78.
[35]刘阳美.UWB中Viterbi译码器的FPGA设计与实现[D].西安:西安理工大学硕士学位论文,2007.11-49.