令状制度研究
摘要
令状制度、陪审团制度或许还有巡回审判制度是学者们在考察普通法诞生或形成时必定考察的对象。在西方法学史中,早在中世纪时期,就有一大批著名法学家如格兰威尔、布拉克顿、科克等人曾对令状制及相关问题有过深入细致的研究。近代以后,许多法学家如布莱克斯通、梅因、波洛克和梅特兰等人,也均对令状制度研究青睐有加。20世纪以后,霍兹沃斯、甄克思、普拉克内特、哈默、密尔松、贝克及霍尔特等英国法学家在令状研究领域曾有过丰富的研究成果。此外,比利时著名法学家卡内冈也是这一研究领域的代表性人物。令状制度是法律史学者无法绕开的一个重要问题。
本文在各西方法学大家对这一问题论证的基础上,试图阐明令状的概念及其沿革、令状的起源及嬗变、令状的分类、行政令状的司法化、令状与程式诉讼的交互关系、人身保护令状的历史与现状以及令状的制度作用与历史价值等问题。全文围绕的一条主线是：令状经历了一个从行政化到司法化、从国王特权到保护人权的发展过程,且它在这一发展过程中无意孕育出了普通法注重程序的气质。令状以及相应的程式诉讼大都在完成了它们的使命后,遵照事物的发展规律退出了历史的舞台。然终究如梅特兰所言,“我们已经埋葬了程式诉讼,但它们仍然在坟墓中统治着我们”,令状制度的幽灵仍萦绕着英美法。
本文第一章为令状发展的法律背景——1873年前英国法院体系概况。该章讨论令状在诞生、发展直至废除等时期所处的法院体系背景。英国历史上主要有三种司法权,即公共司法权、封建司法权和国王司法权；三种司法权分别通过三套不同的法庭组织得以实施,即包括郡法院、百户区法院和村镇法院在内的社区法院,由领主法庭和庄园法庭组成的封建法院,以及被称作“库里亚”即王廷的国王法庭。国王法院主要有普通诉讼法院、王座法院以及财政诉讼法院。
第二章主要记叙了令状的概念、起源及主要发展时期。文章认为普通法上的令状不同于罗马法上的令状。英国的令状可以追溯至盎格鲁—撒克逊时期,具体而言,大约在9或10世纪时期。令状的起源可追溯至诺曼征服前(1066年以前),诺曼王朝的威廉一世与威廉二世时期(1066-1100年)仍属于令状的萌芽时期；令状在诺曼王朝的亨利一世、斯蒂芬时期(1100-1154年)得到很大的发展；在安茹王朝的亨利二世时期(1154-1189年)最为繁荣；此后,在安茹王朝的理查德一世、约翰和亨利三世时期(1189-1272年)中,令状仍保持了快速的发展,到安茹王朝的爱德华一世时期(1272-1307年)逐渐定型。从安茹王朝的爱德华二世到汉诺威王朝的威廉四世时期(1307-1833年)令状逐渐衰退并被逐步废止。
第三章为令状的分类。该章详细论述了令状的分类；令状主要分为行政令状和司法化令状,也常分为权利令状和非常令状。权利令状又有严格意义上的权利令状和带有权利令状性质的令状之分。严格意义上的权利令状主要包括未密封权利令状和直属封臣指令权利令状。带有权利令状性质的令状主要有保证合理份额的权利令状、恢复圣职推荐权令状、寡妇地产权利令状、取得亡夫遗留地产令状以及限嗣土地受赠人令状。权利令状还可分为起始令状和司法令状；其中,起始令状主要包括指令令状、过错请求状、侵害令状及类案侵害令状。非常令状则主要有人身保护令状、训令令状、调卷令状、禁止令状、权利开示令状等。
第四章为令状的司法化及中央集权的实现。该章详细论述了亨利二世法律改革与令状的司法化。亨利二世法律改革的几大新举措主要包括颁布法令或命令如《克拉伦登宪章》、《克拉伦登敕令》、《新近侵占土地条令》、郡长大调查令、《北安普敦敕令》、《武器敕令》等敕令。亨利二世通过设立由职业法官组成的专门性的法院、发展令状制度、建立巡回法院制度及引入陪审制等四大行动实现了中央集权。由此可见,司法化的令状是国王治理国家的主要手段。
第五章为司法化令状与程式诉讼。该章认为一国的程序制度或者属于有严格诉讼形式的程序制度,或者属于无严格诉讼形式的程序制度。英国的诉讼制度无疑有着严格的诉讼形式。程式诉讼在英国的发展经历了五个历史时期。第一时期是在1066-1154年；第二时期是在1154-1189年；第三时期是在1189-1272年；第四时期是在1272-1307年；第五时期是在1307-1833年。程式诉讼可分为不动产诉讼、对人诉讼与混合诉讼等三大类。英国法律史上主要有十大重要程式诉讼,分别是金钱债务之诉、请求返还扣留财物之诉、违反盖印合同请求赔偿之诉、收回非法扣留动产之诉、明示简式契约之诉、默示简式契约之诉、侵害之诉、类案侵害之诉、驱逐之诉及非法侵占之诉。
第六章为人身保护令状。该章论证了人身保护令状的概念、起源与嬗变；人身保护令状的价值,其中《人身保护令法》被誉为另外一部《大宪章》；人身保护令状诞生的法律背景及初步发展等问题。人身保护令状被英国殖民者带到美国后,在美国得到了确立和发展,它还成为写入《美国联邦宪法》的唯一一种普通法令状。人身保护令状写入美国联邦宪法的渊源有英国的人身保护法实践、第一届大陆会议上发表的《告魁北克人民书》、早期制定的州宪法、1787年《西北准州地区条例》、殖民地宪章及法学家著述。纵观美国历史,杰斐逊、杰克逊、林肯及布什等昔日总统均试图或切实中止过美国公民享有的人身保护令宪法性权利。作为权力制约与平衡传统的产物,人身保护令状在今日美国反对恐怖主义战争的现实和行政权力庞大的事实下,正面临死亡的命运。2008年联邦最高法院对“布迈丁诉布什案”的判决作为一剂“强心针”暂时挽救了人身保护令状的生命。
第七章为令状的历史价值。本文认为,令状制度对程序法的形成有积极意义,它要求特定的诉讼形式和正当的诉讼程序,强调程序的重要性,对程序法的发展特别是程序先于权利的观念形成具有一定的积极意义。令状制度还对实体法的发展(特别是现代合同法、现代侵权法、财产法及继承原则)也产生了重要影响。令状的发展轨迹是一个从具体到抽象的过程,诉讼程式即是例证。除此之外,令状制度的历史价值还体现在它对于法律职业阶层形成、审判机构体系的完善、司法中央集权的确立、限制王权的传统和司法独立的理念以及独具特色的英美法学教育的形成等产生过的影响之上。
The writ system, jury system, and perhaps assize system are the milestones of the birth or building of English common law. In western legal history, there were a large group of legal historians and jurists who had devoted to the studies of the common law writs. Among them there were famous medieval jurists Glanvill, Bracton and Edward Coke. Other scholars in the early modern period include Blackstone, Sir Henry Maine, Sir Frederick Pollock, and Frederick William Maitland. From 1900 onwards, Sir William Holdsworth, Edward Jenks, Theodre Plucknett, Florence Harmer, Milsom, Sir John Baker, and James Holt have all had great achievements in the research field of common law writs. Besides, the Belgium distinguished jurist R. C. van Caenegem is another important scholar in this research area. As Caenegem once said, anyone who studies English institutions at any time from the reign of Aethelred II to our own day is bound to come across the writs and the writ system.
This dissertation is a study of the common law writs. It attempts to clarify the Definition, Origin, Evolution, Classifications, and the judicialization of the wirts. It also discusses the interrelationship between the writs and forms of action, the history and present of the writ of Habeas Corpus, and the function or the historical value of the English common law writs. The paper is to argue that the common law writs had gone through development processes from the executive writs to judicialized writs and from the extraordinary privilege to human rights. And the common law spirit which values procedure over substantive rights was formed unobservedly in these processes. When their mission had been fulfilled, the writs and the corresponding forms of action must disappear. However, like Maitland once said:"The forms of action we have buried, but they still rule us from their graves", the Anglo-American law is still haunted by the writ system and the forms of action.
Besides the introductory part, the dissertation falls into seven parts. In the first part the historical background of the common law writs is outlined with special reference to the law courts. There used to be three categories of judicial power in England, viz. communal judicial power, seigniorial judicial power, and royal judicial power; these three kinds of judicial power are carried out separately by three different court systems, the communal courts, the feudal courts and the royal courts. The communal courts are mainly comprised of the county court, the hundred court, and the frankpledge. The feudal courts are composed of the seigniorial court and the manorial courts. The royal courts or King's Courts, also known as the "curia regis", are divided into three courts, namely the court of common pleas, king's (queen's) bench and the exchequer.
The second part deals with the definition, origin and the several phases of the English writs. This article concludes that the common law writs are different from the interdictum in Roman law. The formal origin of the English writs can be traced to the Anglo-Saxon period, approximately the 9th or 10th century. The old Anglo-Saxon writs continued to be used in the reigns of the Conqueror William I and the William II (1066-1100); Writs were greatly developed in the reigns of the reigns of Henry I and Stephen (1100-1154); and the writs were in their blossom in the reign of the Henry II (1154-1189). The English writs were continued to be developed in the reigns of the RichardⅠ, John and HenryⅢ(1189-1272), and they got into shape and became fixed in the reign of EdwardⅠ(1272-1307). From the reign of EdwardⅡ(1307-1327) onward, the writs became decadent and were gradually repealed.
In the third part, the divisions of the common law writs were examined. The writs can be either roughly divided into executive writs and judicialized writs or divided into the writs of right and the prerogative writs (extraordinary writs). The writs of right include the Writs of Right Proper and the Writs in the Nature of Writs of Right. The Writs of Right Proper can be further divided into the Writ of Right Patent and the Writ of Right Praecipe in Capite. The Writs in the Nature of Writs of Right mainly include the Writ of Right de rationabili parte, the Writ of Right of Advowson, the Writ of Right of Dower, the Writ of Dower Unde nihil habet, and the Writ of Formedon. The writs of right can also be divided into the original writs and the judicial writs. The original writs can be best represented by the Praecipe Writs, Plaints of Wrong, Trespass and Trespass on the Case. Lastly, the prerogative writs are comprised of the following writs:the writ of habeas corpus, the writ of mandamus, the writ of certiorari, the writ of prohibitionquo warranto, the writ of Ne exeat, the writ of Scire facias, and the writ of procedendo.
The fourth part is to argue that the judicialization of the writs plays a key role in the realization of the centralization in England. This chapter fully explains the legal reforms of Henry II. The several innovative means employed by Henry II included the enacts or the edicts passed by the King, e. g. the Constitutions of Clarendon, the Assize of Clarendon, the Assize of Novel Disseisin, Inquest of Sheriffs, the Assize of Northampton, and the Assize of Arms. In addition, through the use of professional courts composed of the professional lawyers, the development of the writs system, the assize system and the jury system, Henry II successfully established a centralized nation. The paper concludes that the judicialization of the writs was of primary importance in the governance of the county in England.
The Part V is about the practical usages of the writs. In this part, the author mainly focus on the forms of action. The article concludes that the procedural system of a county either belongs to a formulary system of procedure or a non-formulary system of procedure. Undoubtedly, the English procedural system was strongly characterized by its strict forms of action. The forms of action in England went through five historical periods. The first period,1066-1154; the second period,1154-1189; the third period,1189-1272; the fourth period,1272-1307; and the fifth period,1307-1833. The forms of action were classified into three forms, and they were real actions, personal actions, and mixed actions. There were 10 most important actions in the English legal history, (1) Debt, (2) Detinue, (3) Covenant, (4) Replevin, (5) Special Assumpsit, (6) General Assumpsit, (7) Trespass, (8), Trespass on the Case (9) Ejectment, and (10) Trover.
The Part VI pays particular attention to the most important prerogative writ, the writ of habeas corpus. This chapter examines the definition, origin, and the development of the habeas corpus. Habeas Corpus Act in the English legal history can be compared with the Magna Carta of 1215. When the habeas corpus was brought to America by the colonists, it took root in the U. S. A. and became the only common law writ written in the U. S. Constitution. The sources of this constitutional clause include its practice in England, Address to the People of Quebec, early state constitutions, Ordinance of 1787 for the Government of the North-west Territory, the colony charters and doctrinal writings. In U. S. history, Jefferson, Jackon, Lincon and George W. Bush all attempted to suspend the habeas corpus. As the outcome of the tradition of the separation of powers and the checks and balances, habeas corpus naturally faces its fate as the executive power dominates in the U. S. A.. The Boumediene v. Bush of 2008 temporarily saved the life of habeas corpus.
The Part VII (concluding part) deals with the historical value of the English writs. The paper concludes that the writ system is of affirmative significance to the formation of the procedural law. And since the writ system requires specific forms of action and proper procedures while strengthening the priority of the procedure of the substantive rights, it plays a key role in the birth of the doctrine of "remedies precede rights". The English writ system is also crucial to the development of the substantive law, practically the modern contract law, tort law, property law, and inheritance law. The path of the writs shows a process from the specific to the abstract, and this is well illustrated by the forms of action. In addition, the historical functions or influences of the English writs can also be found in the following aspects, the formation of the legal profession, the perfection of the court system, the establishment of the centralization, the limitation of the monarchical power, the independence of judicature, and the Anglo-American legal education with its unique characteristics.
本文在各西方法学大家对这一问题论证的基础上,试图阐明令状的概念及其沿革、令状的起源及嬗变、令状的分类、行政令状的司法化、令状与程式诉讼的交互关系、人身保护令状的历史与现状以及令状的制度作用与历史价值等问题。全文围绕的一条主线是：令状经历了一个从行政化到司法化、从国王特权到保护人权的发展过程,且它在这一发展过程中无意孕育出了普通法注重程序的气质。令状以及相应的程式诉讼大都在完成了它们的使命后,遵照事物的发展规律退出了历史的舞台。然终究如梅特兰所言,“我们已经埋葬了程式诉讼,但它们仍然在坟墓中统治着我们”,令状制度的幽灵仍萦绕着英美法。
本文第一章为令状发展的法律背景——1873年前英国法院体系概况。该章讨论令状在诞生、发展直至废除等时期所处的法院体系背景。英国历史上主要有三种司法权,即公共司法权、封建司法权和国王司法权；三种司法权分别通过三套不同的法庭组织得以实施,即包括郡法院、百户区法院和村镇法院在内的社区法院,由领主法庭和庄园法庭组成的封建法院,以及被称作“库里亚”即王廷的国王法庭。国王法院主要有普通诉讼法院、王座法院以及财政诉讼法院。
第二章主要记叙了令状的概念、起源及主要发展时期。文章认为普通法上的令状不同于罗马法上的令状。英国的令状可以追溯至盎格鲁—撒克逊时期,具体而言,大约在9或10世纪时期。令状的起源可追溯至诺曼征服前(1066年以前),诺曼王朝的威廉一世与威廉二世时期(1066-1100年)仍属于令状的萌芽时期；令状在诺曼王朝的亨利一世、斯蒂芬时期(1100-1154年)得到很大的发展；在安茹王朝的亨利二世时期(1154-1189年)最为繁荣；此后,在安茹王朝的理查德一世、约翰和亨利三世时期(1189-1272年)中,令状仍保持了快速的发展,到安茹王朝的爱德华一世时期(1272-1307年)逐渐定型。从安茹王朝的爱德华二世到汉诺威王朝的威廉四世时期(1307-1833年)令状逐渐衰退并被逐步废止。
第三章为令状的分类。该章详细论述了令状的分类；令状主要分为行政令状和司法化令状,也常分为权利令状和非常令状。权利令状又有严格意义上的权利令状和带有权利令状性质的令状之分。严格意义上的权利令状主要包括未密封权利令状和直属封臣指令权利令状。带有权利令状性质的令状主要有保证合理份额的权利令状、恢复圣职推荐权令状、寡妇地产权利令状、取得亡夫遗留地产令状以及限嗣土地受赠人令状。权利令状还可分为起始令状和司法令状；其中,起始令状主要包括指令令状、过错请求状、侵害令状及类案侵害令状。非常令状则主要有人身保护令状、训令令状、调卷令状、禁止令状、权利开示令状等。
第四章为令状的司法化及中央集权的实现。该章详细论述了亨利二世法律改革与令状的司法化。亨利二世法律改革的几大新举措主要包括颁布法令或命令如《克拉伦登宪章》、《克拉伦登敕令》、《新近侵占土地条令》、郡长大调查令、《北安普敦敕令》、《武器敕令》等敕令。亨利二世通过设立由职业法官组成的专门性的法院、发展令状制度、建立巡回法院制度及引入陪审制等四大行动实现了中央集权。由此可见,司法化的令状是国王治理国家的主要手段。
第五章为司法化令状与程式诉讼。该章认为一国的程序制度或者属于有严格诉讼形式的程序制度,或者属于无严格诉讼形式的程序制度。英国的诉讼制度无疑有着严格的诉讼形式。程式诉讼在英国的发展经历了五个历史时期。第一时期是在1066-1154年；第二时期是在1154-1189年；第三时期是在1189-1272年；第四时期是在1272-1307年；第五时期是在1307-1833年。程式诉讼可分为不动产诉讼、对人诉讼与混合诉讼等三大类。英国法律史上主要有十大重要程式诉讼,分别是金钱债务之诉、请求返还扣留财物之诉、违反盖印合同请求赔偿之诉、收回非法扣留动产之诉、明示简式契约之诉、默示简式契约之诉、侵害之诉、类案侵害之诉、驱逐之诉及非法侵占之诉。
第六章为人身保护令状。该章论证了人身保护令状的概念、起源与嬗变；人身保护令状的价值,其中《人身保护令法》被誉为另外一部《大宪章》；人身保护令状诞生的法律背景及初步发展等问题。人身保护令状被英国殖民者带到美国后,在美国得到了确立和发展,它还成为写入《美国联邦宪法》的唯一一种普通法令状。人身保护令状写入美国联邦宪法的渊源有英国的人身保护法实践、第一届大陆会议上发表的《告魁北克人民书》、早期制定的州宪法、1787年《西北准州地区条例》、殖民地宪章及法学家著述。纵观美国历史,杰斐逊、杰克逊、林肯及布什等昔日总统均试图或切实中止过美国公民享有的人身保护令宪法性权利。作为权力制约与平衡传统的产物,人身保护令状在今日美国反对恐怖主义战争的现实和行政权力庞大的事实下,正面临死亡的命运。2008年联邦最高法院对“布迈丁诉布什案”的判决作为一剂“强心针”暂时挽救了人身保护令状的生命。
第七章为令状的历史价值。本文认为,令状制度对程序法的形成有积极意义,它要求特定的诉讼形式和正当的诉讼程序,强调程序的重要性,对程序法的发展特别是程序先于权利的观念形成具有一定的积极意义。令状制度还对实体法的发展(特别是现代合同法、现代侵权法、财产法及继承原则)也产生了重要影响。令状的发展轨迹是一个从具体到抽象的过程,诉讼程式即是例证。除此之外,令状制度的历史价值还体现在它对于法律职业阶层形成、审判机构体系的完善、司法中央集权的确立、限制王权的传统和司法独立的理念以及独具特色的英美法学教育的形成等产生过的影响之上。
The writ system, jury system, and perhaps assize system are the milestones of the birth or building of English common law. In western legal history, there were a large group of legal historians and jurists who had devoted to the studies of the common law writs. Among them there were famous medieval jurists Glanvill, Bracton and Edward Coke. Other scholars in the early modern period include Blackstone, Sir Henry Maine, Sir Frederick Pollock, and Frederick William Maitland. From 1900 onwards, Sir William Holdsworth, Edward Jenks, Theodre Plucknett, Florence Harmer, Milsom, Sir John Baker, and James Holt have all had great achievements in the research field of common law writs. Besides, the Belgium distinguished jurist R. C. van Caenegem is another important scholar in this research area. As Caenegem once said, anyone who studies English institutions at any time from the reign of Aethelred II to our own day is bound to come across the writs and the writ system.
This dissertation is a study of the common law writs. It attempts to clarify the Definition, Origin, Evolution, Classifications, and the judicialization of the wirts. It also discusses the interrelationship between the writs and forms of action, the history and present of the writ of Habeas Corpus, and the function or the historical value of the English common law writs. The paper is to argue that the common law writs had gone through development processes from the executive writs to judicialized writs and from the extraordinary privilege to human rights. And the common law spirit which values procedure over substantive rights was formed unobservedly in these processes. When their mission had been fulfilled, the writs and the corresponding forms of action must disappear. However, like Maitland once said:"The forms of action we have buried, but they still rule us from their graves", the Anglo-American law is still haunted by the writ system and the forms of action.
Besides the introductory part, the dissertation falls into seven parts. In the first part the historical background of the common law writs is outlined with special reference to the law courts. There used to be three categories of judicial power in England, viz. communal judicial power, seigniorial judicial power, and royal judicial power; these three kinds of judicial power are carried out separately by three different court systems, the communal courts, the feudal courts and the royal courts. The communal courts are mainly comprised of the county court, the hundred court, and the frankpledge. The feudal courts are composed of the seigniorial court and the manorial courts. The royal courts or King's Courts, also known as the "curia regis", are divided into three courts, namely the court of common pleas, king's (queen's) bench and the exchequer.
The second part deals with the definition, origin and the several phases of the English writs. This article concludes that the common law writs are different from the interdictum in Roman law. The formal origin of the English writs can be traced to the Anglo-Saxon period, approximately the 9th or 10th century. The old Anglo-Saxon writs continued to be used in the reigns of the Conqueror William I and the William II (1066-1100); Writs were greatly developed in the reigns of the reigns of Henry I and Stephen (1100-1154); and the writs were in their blossom in the reign of the Henry II (1154-1189). The English writs were continued to be developed in the reigns of the RichardⅠ, John and HenryⅢ(1189-1272), and they got into shape and became fixed in the reign of EdwardⅠ(1272-1307). From the reign of EdwardⅡ(1307-1327) onward, the writs became decadent and were gradually repealed.
In the third part, the divisions of the common law writs were examined. The writs can be either roughly divided into executive writs and judicialized writs or divided into the writs of right and the prerogative writs (extraordinary writs). The writs of right include the Writs of Right Proper and the Writs in the Nature of Writs of Right. The Writs of Right Proper can be further divided into the Writ of Right Patent and the Writ of Right Praecipe in Capite. The Writs in the Nature of Writs of Right mainly include the Writ of Right de rationabili parte, the Writ of Right of Advowson, the Writ of Right of Dower, the Writ of Dower Unde nihil habet, and the Writ of Formedon. The writs of right can also be divided into the original writs and the judicial writs. The original writs can be best represented by the Praecipe Writs, Plaints of Wrong, Trespass and Trespass on the Case. Lastly, the prerogative writs are comprised of the following writs:the writ of habeas corpus, the writ of mandamus, the writ of certiorari, the writ of prohibitionquo warranto, the writ of Ne exeat, the writ of Scire facias, and the writ of procedendo.
The fourth part is to argue that the judicialization of the writs plays a key role in the realization of the centralization in England. This chapter fully explains the legal reforms of Henry II. The several innovative means employed by Henry II included the enacts or the edicts passed by the King, e. g. the Constitutions of Clarendon, the Assize of Clarendon, the Assize of Novel Disseisin, Inquest of Sheriffs, the Assize of Northampton, and the Assize of Arms. In addition, through the use of professional courts composed of the professional lawyers, the development of the writs system, the assize system and the jury system, Henry II successfully established a centralized nation. The paper concludes that the judicialization of the writs was of primary importance in the governance of the county in England.
The Part V is about the practical usages of the writs. In this part, the author mainly focus on the forms of action. The article concludes that the procedural system of a county either belongs to a formulary system of procedure or a non-formulary system of procedure. Undoubtedly, the English procedural system was strongly characterized by its strict forms of action. The forms of action in England went through five historical periods. The first period,1066-1154; the second period,1154-1189; the third period,1189-1272; the fourth period,1272-1307; and the fifth period,1307-1833. The forms of action were classified into three forms, and they were real actions, personal actions, and mixed actions. There were 10 most important actions in the English legal history, (1) Debt, (2) Detinue, (3) Covenant, (4) Replevin, (5) Special Assumpsit, (6) General Assumpsit, (7) Trespass, (8), Trespass on the Case (9) Ejectment, and (10) Trover.
The Part VI pays particular attention to the most important prerogative writ, the writ of habeas corpus. This chapter examines the definition, origin, and the development of the habeas corpus. Habeas Corpus Act in the English legal history can be compared with the Magna Carta of 1215. When the habeas corpus was brought to America by the colonists, it took root in the U. S. A. and became the only common law writ written in the U. S. Constitution. The sources of this constitutional clause include its practice in England, Address to the People of Quebec, early state constitutions, Ordinance of 1787 for the Government of the North-west Territory, the colony charters and doctrinal writings. In U. S. history, Jefferson, Jackon, Lincon and George W. Bush all attempted to suspend the habeas corpus. As the outcome of the tradition of the separation of powers and the checks and balances, habeas corpus naturally faces its fate as the executive power dominates in the U. S. A.. The Boumediene v. Bush of 2008 temporarily saved the life of habeas corpus.
The Part VII (concluding part) deals with the historical value of the English writs. The paper concludes that the writ system is of affirmative significance to the formation of the procedural law. And since the writ system requires specific forms of action and proper procedures while strengthening the priority of the procedure of the substantive rights, it plays a key role in the birth of the doctrine of "remedies precede rights". The English writ system is also crucial to the development of the substantive law, practically the modern contract law, tort law, property law, and inheritance law. The path of the writs shows a process from the specific to the abstract, and this is well illustrated by the forms of action. In addition, the historical functions or influences of the English writs can also be found in the following aspects, the formation of the legal profession, the perfection of the court system, the establishment of the centralization, the limitation of the monarchical power, the independence of judicature, and the Anglo-American legal education with its unique characteristics.
引文
① R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.107.
①有时也翻译为《令状登记册》或《令状录》,它是一部记录起始令状形式之著述,开始为手写本,1531年开始付诸印刷。随时代发展该书不断得以增加,书中收集的最早的令状始于亨利二世时代。参见薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第1168页。
②...the Register is "the name of a most ancient book and of great authority in law".参见 Elsa De Haas, The Early Thirteenth Century Register of Writs,7 U. Toronto L. J.,1947-1948. p.197.
③参见何勤华著：《西方法学史》(第二版),中国政法大学出版社1996年版,第294页。
④ W. S. Holdsworth,2 A History of English Law, London,1923. p.520.
⑤ Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.276.
④何勤华著：《西方法学史》(第二版),中国政法大学出版社1996年版,第294页。经笔者查阅普拉克内特的著作,具体是在第3卷,第97、167、212页。
⑦ Various authors, Select Essays in Anglo-American Legal History II, Boston:Little, Brown & Company,1908. pp.549-596.
⑧赫伯特.A.L.菲舍尔(Herbert Albert Laurens Fisher,1865-1940),英国历史学家,牛津大学新学院教员,后曾任谢菲尔德大学副校长(1912—1916)、英国教育委员会主席(1916—1922)等职。曾著有《中世纪的帝国》(The Medieval Empire)、《梅特兰传》(Frederick William Maitland:A Biographical Sketch)。参见陈灵海：《英国法史学的“汉马克拉维”——纪念弗里德里克·梅特兰逝世100周年》,《中外法学》2006年第4期。
⑨ H. A. L. Fisher, The Collected Papers of Frederic William MaitlandⅡ, Cambridge University Press,1911. pp.110-173.
⑩ Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.277.
①参见何勤华：《法学近代化论考》,载《政治与法律》1999年第2期,第74页。
②参见Frederick G Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.82.
③仝宗锦：《布莱克斯通法律思想的内在逻辑》,载郑永流主编：《法哲学与法社会学论丛》(第九期),北京大学出版社2006年版。
②此外他还著有《盎格鲁-诺曼英格兰的土地、法律及领主身份》(Land, Law, and Lordship in Anglo-Norman England)等。《英国普通法的形成——从诺曼征服到大宪章时期英格兰的法律与社会》一书已有中译本,译者是刘四新,是商务印书馆徐显明教授主编的“法学译从”中的一部,2006年出版。
③ Fifoot, History and Sources of the Common Law, London,1949.
④参见(美)S.F.C.密尔松著：《普通法的历史基础》,李显冬、高翔、刘智慧、马呈元译,中国大百科全书出版社1999年版,第25页。
⑤ R. A. M. Bishop and Pierre Chaplais, Facsimiles of English Royal Writs to A.D.1100. Oxford:Clarendon Press,1957.
① H. A. Cronne and R. H. C. Davis, Facsimiles of Original Charters and Writs of King Stephen, the Empress Matilda and Dukes Geoffrey and Henry,1135-1154. Oxford:1968.
② R. J. Sharpe, The Law of Habeas Corpus (Second Edition). Oxford:Clarendon Press.1989.
③ David Clark & Gerard McCoy, The Most Fundamental Legal Right:Habeas Corpus in the Commonwealth. Oxford:Clarendon Press.2000.
④ Wilson, Writs v. Rights,18 Mich. L. Rev.225 (1920).
⑤资料来源：http://law.jrank.org/pages/4744/Bigelow-Melville-Madison.html,访问日期：2009年1月17日。
④ Eric M. Freedman, Habeas Corpus:Rethinking the Great Writ of Liberty. New York:New York University Press,2001.
⑤法律出版社于2001年出版了该书的影印版,参见Frederic G Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law (3rd ed.).P.48-61,法律出版社2001年影印版。
⑥ George F. Deiser, The Development of Principle in Trespass,27 Yale L.J.,1917. p.220.
⑦ Comment, Sum Certain in the Action of Debt,33 Yale L.J.,1923. p.85.
① George Burton Adams, The Origin of the Common Law,34 Yale L.J.,1924. p.115.
② Comment, The Early Development of The Doctrine of Ius Tertii in Replevin,34 Yale L.J.,1924. p.72.
③ George E. Woodbine, The Origins of the Action of Trespass,34 Yale L.J.,1925. p.343.
④ W. S. Holdsworth, Maitland Reissued,46 Yale L.J.,1937. p.801.
⑤ Elizabeth Jean Dix, The Origins of the Action of Trespass on the Case,46 Yale L.J.1142 (1937).
⑥ Booth, Real Actions, New York,1808.
⑦ Roscoe, Law of Actions Relating to Real Property, Philadelphia,1840.
⑧ Jackson, Real Actions, Boston,1828.
⑨ Brown, Actions at Law, Philadelphia,1844.
⑩ Alderson, A Practical Treatise Upon the Law of Judicial Writs and Process in Civil and Criminal Cases, New York.1895.
[11] Scott, Fundamental Procedure in Actions at Law, New York,1922.
[12] Kinnane, Anglo-American Law, c. XX, Common Law Actions and Remedies, Indianapolis,1932. P.210, pp.453-455.
[13] Joseph Biancalana, The Origin and Early History of the Writs of Entry,25 Law & Hist. Rev.,2007. p.513.
① Joseph Biancalana, For Want of Justice:Legal Reforms of Henry Ⅱ,88 Columbia Law Review,1988. p. 433.
② Jack R. Reiter, Common Law Writs-From the Practical to the Extraordinary,80 Florida Bar Journal, 2006. p.32.
③ Harold J. Berman & Charles J. Reid, Jr., The Transformation of English Legal Science:From Hale to Blackstone,45 Emory Law Journal,1996. p.437.
④ Daniel J. Hulsebosch,23 Writs to Rights:"Navigability" and the Transformation of the Common Law in the Nineteenth Century, Cardozo Law Review,2002. p.1049.
⑤ Joshua C. Tate, Ownership and Possession in the Early Common Law,48 American Journal of Legal History,2006. p.280.
⑥ Ellen E. Sward, A History of the Civil Trial in the United States,51 University of Kansas Law Review, 2003. p.347.
⑦ Thomas Lund, The Modern Mind of the Medieval Lawyer,64 Tex. L. Rev.,1986. p.1267.
⑧ Thomas Lund, Activist Judges of the Early Fourteenth Century,2008 Utah Law Review,2008. p.471.
⑨ Douglas Laycock, How Remedies Became a Field:A History,27 Review of Litigation,2008. p.161.
⑩ Holland, Writs and Bills,8 Cambridge L. Rev.,1942. p.15.
[11] Schulz, Writ "Praecipe Quod Reddat" and Its Continental Models, 54 Jurid. Rev.,1942. P.1.
[12] McIntire, The History and Use of Writs:A List of Selected Books and Periodicals,37 Law Library Journal, 1944. p.14.
① Edgar Bodenheimer, John B. Oakley, Jean C. Love, An introduction to the Anglo-American Legal System: Readings and Cases. West Pub. Co.,1988.
② Kevin Costello, The Law of Habeas Corpus in Ireland:History, Scope of Review, and Practice under Article 40.4.2 of the Irish Constitution. Four Courts Press,2006.
③高峰著：《刑事侦查中的令状制度研究》,中国法制出版社2008年版。同年,薛竑出版了《人身保护令制度研究》(法律出版社2008年版)。
①参见梁龙、李浩培合著：《英国的司法与司法制度》,商务印书馆1946年重庆初版,第64-69页关于“人身出庭命令制在英国之历史的发展”等部分。
②参见何勤华著：《西方法学史》(第二版),中国政法大学出版社1996年版,第278-280,294页。
③参见潘维大、刘文琦著：《英美法导读》,法律出版社2000年版,第6-24页。
④参见李红海著：《普通法的历史解读——从梅特兰开始》,清华大学出版社2003年版,第137-144、210-223,294-299,305-310页。
⑤参见钱弘道著：《英美法讲座》,清华大学出版社2004年版,第26-34页。
⑥参见毛玲著：《英国民事诉讼的演进与发展》,中国政法大学出版社2005年版。
⑦参见秋风著：《立宪的技艺》,北京大学出版社2005年版。其中154-175页是“人身保护状制度源流考略”。
⑧参见程汉大、李培锋著：《英国司法制度史》,清华大学出版社2007年版,第164,280-292页。
⑨主要有卞建林、刘玫合著的《外国刑事诉讼法》,人民法院出版社、中国社会科学院出版社2002年版；陈瑞华著：《刑事诉讼的前沿问题》,中国人民大学出版社2000年版；李龙著：《宪法基础理论》,武汉大学出版社1999年版；孙长永著：《侦查程序与人权》,中国方正出版社2000年9月版；王敏远著：《刑事司法理论与实践检讨》,中国政法大学出版社1999年10月版；张建伟著：《刑事司法：多元价值与制度配置》,人民法院出版社2003年版,等等。
⑩(美)阿瑟·库恩著：《英美法原理》,陈超璧译注,曾于1948年在厦门大学内部发行,法律出版社2002年版。
(11)(英)R·J·沃克著：《英国法渊源》,夏勇,夏道虎译,西南政法学院外国法制史教学参考丛书1984年版。
(12)(美)哈罗德·J·伯尔曼著：《法律与革命—西方法律传统的形成》,贺卫方,高鸿钧,张志铭,夏勇译,中国大百科全书出版社1993年版。
①(美)S·F·C·密尔松著：《普通法的历史基础》,李显东,高翔,刘智慧,马呈元译,中国大百科全书出版社1999年版。
②(德)F·茨威格特、H·克茨著：《比较法总论》,潘汉典,米健,高鸿钧,贺卫方译,法律出版社2003年版。
③(比)R.C.范·卡内冈著：《英国普通法的诞生》,李红海译,中国政法大学出版社2003年版。
④(英)约翰·哈德森著：《英国普通法的形成——从诺曼征服道大宪章时期英格兰的法律与社会》,商务印书馆2006年版。
⑤郑云瑞：《英国普通法的令状制度》,载《中外法学》1992年第6期。
⑥李红海：《亨利二世改革与英国普通法》,载《中外法学》1996年第6期。
⑦从书涵：《司法令状规则初探》,载《宜宾学院学报》2002年第3期。
⑧姜琳炜：《强制性侦查与令状主义》,载《中国刑事警察》2002年第4期。
⑨杨慧清、尹灵芝：《民初移植人身保护令制度述论》,载《许昌学院学报》2003年第6期。
⑩韩光：《从“夫妻看黄碟”案看刑事侦查中的司法令状规则》,载《安徽电力职工大学学报》2003年第2期。
(11)项焱、张烁：《英国法治的基石——令状制度》,载《法学评论》2004年第1期。
(12)陈珊珊：《论搜查的令状》,载《广西梧州师范高等专科学校学报》2004年第4期。
(13)杨宜默：《章士钊与人身保护令制度》,载《法学杂志》2004年第5期。
(14)唐磊、张斌、黄维智：《鉴定启动的“令状主义”与“随意主义”》,载《中国司法鉴定》2004年第4期。
(15)邓智慧：《人身保护令与人权保障——以刑事诉讼为主视角》,载《中国法学》2004年第4期。
(16)孙彼德：《令状的司法化与早期英国王权的特殊性》,载《西南政法大学学报》2004年第6期。
(17)苏艾平：《中世纪令状制度对普通法形成发展的作用》,载《遵义师范学院学报》2004年第4期。
①姜琳炜：《强制性侦查与令状主义》,载《中国刑事警察》2004年第2期。
②高峰：《对刑事司法令状主义的反思》,载《政法学刊》2005年第3期。
③张敏：《令状与陪审：程序正义在中世纪英国的制度设计》,载《理论界》2005年第8期。
④宋世杰、陈志敏：《论令状主义》,载《诉讼法论丛》2005年。
⑤屈文生：《试论人身保护令制度》,载何勤华主编《法律文化史研究》(第二卷),商务印书馆2005年版。
⑥屈文生：《论非常令状》,载何勤华、王立民主编《法律史研究》(第二卷),中国方正出版社2005年版。
⑦孙长永、高峰：《刑事侦查中的司法令状制度探析》,载《广东社会科学》2006年第2期。
⑧邹涛：《建构“人身保护令”制度前瞻性研究——写在刑事诉讼法再修改之前》,载《宁波广播电视大学学报》2006年第2期。
⑨高峰：《论技术侦查与司法令状原则的冲突》,载《江西社会科学》2006年第1期。
⑩孙光宁：《令状制度的流派化分析》,载《德州学院学报》2006年第4期。
(11)薛竑、鲍传丽：《论确立审前程序人身保护令救济制度》,载《广东社会科学》2006第4期。
(12)王天星：《行政紧急强制实施中的司法令状》,载《人民司法》2006年第9期。
(13)崔俊杰、范毅：《宪政维度的人身保护令制度》,载《行政与法》2006年第8期。
(14)屈文生：《建立有中国特色人身保护令制度的构想》,载何勤华主编《多元的法律文化》,法律出版社2007年版。
(15)吴姗姗、陈海滨：《刑事司法令状主义问题研究》,载《湖北广播电视大学学报》2007年第2期。
(16)陈初强：《司法令状本质的思考》,载《甘肃政法成人教育学院学报》2007年第3期。
(17)彭海青：《令状主义及其适用程序初探——兼谈我国刑事司法命令程序的重构》,载《新疆社会科学》2007年第3期。
(18)龚春霞：《浅述令状在英国普通法发展中的作用——从王室司法管辖权的角度阐述》,载《云南大学学报(法学版)》2007年第3期。
①高峰、曹睿：《欧洲人权法院视野下的司法令状原则》,载《政法学刊》2007年第3期。
②余飞：《强制侦查中的令状制度探析》,载《四川理工学院学报(社会科学版)》2007年第4期。
③施飞：《确立我国刑事诉讼审前令状制度研究》,载《长春理工大学学报(高教版)》2007年第4期。
④孙妍：《浅议人身保护令制度》,载《人大研究》2007年12月。
⑤洪萌、王穗华：《浅论刑事诉讼中的司法令状规则》,载《法制与社会》2008年第7期。
⑥赵玥：《司法令状规则的经济分析：公正、效率、效益价值相结合的法律规则》,载《商场现代化》2008年第17期。
⑦李猛：《除魔的世界与禁欲者的守护神：韦伯社会理论中的”英国法”问题》,载李猛主编《韦伯：法律与价值》,上海人民出版社2001年版。
⑧陈志敏：《令状主义研究》,湘潭大学硕士学位论文,2003年。
⑨屈文生：《人身保护令问题研究》,兰州大学硕士学位论文,2004年。
⑩孙德鹏：《令状的司法化与普通法的形成——早期英国法治理方式的历史考察》,西南政法大学硕士学位论文,2004年。
(11)孙晓晖：《令状主义研究》,广西民族大学硕士学位论文,2007年。
(12)初立秀：《令状原则研究》,中国政法大学硕士学位论文,2007年。
(13)邓智慧：《人身保护令研究》,中国政法大学博士论文,2006年。
(14)薛竑：《人身保护令制度研究》,西南政法大学博士论文,2006年。已在2008年在法律出版社正式出版。
(15)高峰：《刑事侦查中的令状制度研究》,西南政法大学博士论文,2007年。已在2008年在中国法制出版社正式出版。
①参见何勤华主编：《英国法律发达史》,法律出版社1999年版,第26-27,50-54页。
②参见何勤华主编：《外国法制史》(第三版),法律出版社2004年版,第140页。
③参见何勤华、贺卫方主编：《西方法律史》,法律出版社2006年版,第10-11,41页。
④参见何勤华、李秀清主编：《外国法制史》,复旦大学出版社2002年版,第177-178页。
⑤参见程汉大主编：《英国法制史》,齐鲁书社2001年版,第70页。
⑥参见刘艺工、王继忠主编：《英国法律史》,中国人民大学出版社2008年版,第150、200页。
⑦陈光中主编：《中国刑事诉讼程序研究》,法律出版社1993年版。
⑧程味秋主编：《外国刑事诉讼法概论》,中国政法大学出版社1994年版。
⑨由嵘主编：《外国法制史》,北京大学出版社2000年重排本。
⑩王以真主编：《外国刑事诉讼法学参考资料》,北京大学出版社1995年版。
(11)郎胜主编：《欧盟国家审前羁押与保释制度》,法律出版社2006年版。
(12)薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版。
(13)(英)戴维·M·沃克主编：《牛津法律大词典》,李双元等译,法律出版社2003年版。
[14] Black's Law Dictionary (7th ed.). St Paul:West Publishing Co.,1999.
(14)关于上述几部词典的介绍,参见屈文生：《布莱克法律词典述评：历史与现状》,载《比较法研究》2009年第1期。
①李宗锷、潘慧仪主编：《英汉法律大词典》,法律出版社1999年版。
①(美)德沃金著：《法律帝国》,李常青译,中国大百科全书出版社1996年版,第361页。
② R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.16.
③参见(英)约翰·哈德森著：《英国普通法的形成——从诺曼征服到大宪章时期英格兰的法律与社会》,刘四新译,商务印书馆2006年版,第35页。
①程汉大：《12—13世纪英国法律制度的革命性变化》,载《世界历史》2000年第5期。
② R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.20.
④参见Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. pp.22-23.
① R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.20.
②参见(英)梅特兰等著：《欧陆法律史概览：事件、渊源、人物及运动》,屈文生等译,上海人民出版社2008年版,第66页。
③参见程汉大、李培锋著：《英国司法制度史》,清华大学出版社2007年版,第6页。
④参见薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第332页。
⑤参见梁龙、李浩培合著：《英国的司法与司怯制度》,商务印书馆1946年重庆初版,第3页。
⑥参见薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第1255页。
⑦参见薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第1255页。
①参见(美)S·F·C·密尔松著：《普通法的历史基础》,李显东,高翔,刘智慧,马呈元译,中国大百科全书出版社1999年版,第5页。
②参见(英)约翰·哈德森著：《英国普通法的形成——从诺曼征服到大宪章时期英格兰的法律与社会》,刘四新译,商务印书馆2006年版,第46-47页。
③参见(英)约翰·哈德森著：《英国普通法的形成——从诺曼征服到大宪章时期英格兰的法律与社会》,刘四新译,商务印书馆2006年版,第47页。
④ Frederick G Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.24.
① Frederick G Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. pp 24-25.
②参见(英)约翰·哈德森著：《英国普通法的形成——从诺曼征服到大宪章时期英格兰的法律与社会》,刘四新译,商务印书馆2006年版,第46页。
③(美)S·F·C·密尔松著：《普通法的历史基础》,李显东,高翔,刘智慧,马呈元译,中国大百科全书出版社1999年版,第6页。
④参见(英)约翰·哈德森著：《英国普通法的形成——从诺曼征服到大宪章时期英格兰的法律与社会》,刘四新译,商务印书馆2006年版,第46页。
② Frederick G Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.25.
① Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.87.
②参见R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.23.
③参见(英)约翰·哈德森著：《英国普通法的形成——从诺曼征服到大宪章时期英格兰的法律与社会》,刘四新译,商务印书馆2006年版,第49-50页。
④ Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.89.
⑤ Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.23.
⑥程汉大、李培锋著：《英国司法制度史》,清华大学出版社2007年版,第11页。
① Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.23.
②参见《英国法史札记》。文件来源files.freerain.webnode.com/200000002-9e94e9f8c3/英国法史札记.pdf。访问时间：2008年10月5日。
③参见(英)约翰·哈德森著：《英国普通法的形成——从诺曼征服到大宪章时期英格兰的法律与社会》,刘四新译,商务印书馆2006年版,第48页。
⑤ R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.23.
⑥参见程汉大、李培锋著：《英国司法制度史》,清华大学出版社2007年版,第10页。
② R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.23.
③参见李云飞：《论十户联保制与中世纪英格兰的王权制》,载《暨南学报(哲学社会科学版)》2007年第2期,第41页。
④ Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.24.
① Geoffrey G Hazard. The Early Evolution of the Common Law Writs:A Sketch,6 American Journal of Legal History,1962. p.115.
② Frederick G Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. pp.25-26.
③参见程汉大、李培锋著：《英国司法制度史》,清华大学出版社2007年版,第12页。
④ Frederick G Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.26.
⑤ Frederick G Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.26.
①参见程汉大、李培锋著：《英国司法制度史》,清华大学出版社2007年版,第12-13页。
② Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. pp.26-27.
③ Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. pp.27.
④参见程汉大、李培锋著：《英国司法制度史》,清华大学出版社2007年版,第13页。
⑤ Sir Frederick Pollock & Frederick William Maitland, The History of English Law Before the Time of Edward Ⅰ. London:Cambridge University Press,1968. p.133转引自参见程汉大、李培锋著：《英国司法制度史》,清华大学出版社2007年版,第13页。
⑥参见(美)S·F·C·密尔松著：《普通法的历史基础》,李显东,高翔,刘智慧,马呈元译,中国大百科全书出版社1999年版,第13页。
① Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.27.
②参见(英)约翰·哈德森著：《英国普通法的形成——从诺曼征服到大宪章时期英格兰的法律与社会》,刘四新译,商务印书馆2006年版,第38页。
④参见薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第612页。
① Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.28.
⑥ Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.29.
① Frederick G Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. pp.29-30.
②转引自(英)约翰·哈德森著：《英国普通法的形成——从诺曼征服到大宪章时期英格兰的法律与社会》,刘四新译,商务印书馆2006年版,第40页。
① Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.31.
② Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.355.
③ Frederick G Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. pp.31-32.
① Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.32.
② Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.33.
⑤ Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.33.
⑥ Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.33.
①参见陈灵海：《英国法史学的“汉马克拉维”——纪念弗里德里克·梅特兰逝世100周年》,《中外法学》2006年第4期。
② Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.34.
③ Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.34.
④ Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.35.
① Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.35.
②参见程汉大、李培锋著：《英国司法制度史》,清华大学出版社2007年版,第41页。
② Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.34.
③ Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.36.
⑤ Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.36.
⑥ Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.36.
① Amalia D. Kessler, Our Inquisitorial Tradition:Equity Procedure, Due Process, and The Search For An Alternative To The Adversarial,90 Cornell Law Review,1199 (July,2005). See J.H. Baker, An Introduction to English Legal History (4th ed.),2002. p.98.
② Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.38.
① Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.37.
④ Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.39.
⑤ Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.39.
① Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. pp.39-40.
② Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.40.
③ Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.40.
④ Edward Jenks. Law and Politics in the Middle Ages. London:John Murray, Albemarle Street,1919. p.144.
⑤ Edward Jenks. Law and Politics in the Middle Ages. London:John Murray, Albemarle Street,1919. p.145.
⑥参见薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第213、340页。
①参见梁龙、李浩培合著：《英国的司法与司法制度》,商务印书馆1946年重庆初版,第7页。(?)
④参见Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅰ,22 Brook. L. Rev. 1955-1956. p.202.
⑤参见薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第483页。
⑥参见程汉大、李培锋著：《英国司法制度史》,清华大学出版社2007年版,第18页。
⑦ Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.27.
⑦参见程汉大、李培锋著：《英国司法制度史》,清华大学出版社2007年版,第17页。
① Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.28.
②参见程汉大、李培锋著：《英国司法制度史》,清华大学出版社2007年版,第18页。
④ Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.41.
⑤ Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.41.
⑥ Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅰ,22 Brook. L. Rev. 1955-1956. p.184.
① Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.42.
② Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.42.
③ Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. pp.42-43.
①(比)R.C.范·卡内冈著：《英国普通法的诞生》,李红海译,中国政法大学出版社2003年版,第43页。
③参见王健著：《沟通两个世界的法律意义——晚晴西方法的输入与法律新词初探》,中国政法大学出版社2001年版,第241页。
② http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Writ (Classic Encyclopedia Based on the 11th Edition of Encyclopedia Britannica),访问时间2008年8月25日。
③ R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.107.
④ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,4rd ed. London:Butterworths,2002. p.57.
⑤ R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958.p.107.
①(古罗马)优士丁尼著：《法学阶梯》(第二版),徐国栋译,中国政法大学出版社2005年版,第517页。
③(古罗马)优士丁尼著：《法学阶梯》(第二版),徐国栋译,中国政法大学出版社2005年版,第519页。
④(古罗马)盖尤斯著：《盖尤斯法学阶梯》,黄风译,中国政法大学出版社2008年版,第259页。
⑤(古罗马)盖尤斯著：《盖尤斯法学阶梯》,黄风译,中国政法大学出版社2008年版,第260-264页。
⑥(古罗马)盖尤斯著：《盖尤斯法学阶梯》,黄风译,中国政法大学出版社2008年版,第264-265页。
⑦参见(德)K·茨威格特、H·克茨著：《比较法总论》,潘汉典、米健、高鸿钧、贺卫方译,法律出
参见《元照英美法词典》,第826页。
参见：John P. Mckay and others, A History of Western Society (Third Edition). Boston:Houghton Mifflin Company,1987. p.216.
① Black's Law Dictionary (7th ed.). St Paul:West Publishing Co.,1999. p.1602.
②薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第1424-1425页。
①(美)哈罗德·J·伯尔曼著：《法律与革命——西方法律传统的形成》,贺卫方、高鸿钧、张志铭、夏勇译,中国大百科全书出版社1993年版,第538-539页。
②(比)R.C.范·卡内冈著：《英国普通法的诞生》,李红海译,中国政法大学出版社2003年版,第39页。
③潘维大、刘文琦编著：《英美法导读》,法律出版社2000年版,第12页。
① Holdsworth, W. S. Sources and Literature of English Law. P.200.1925. 转引自 Black's Law Dictionary (7th ed.) (Z). St Paul:West Publishing Co.,1999. p.1602.
② Arthur Giry, Manuel de Diplomatique, Paris,1894, P.795.转引自 R. A. M. Bishop and Pierre Chaplais, Facsimiles of English Royal Writs to A.D.1100. Oxford:Clarendon Press,1957. p. ix.
③(比)R.C.范·卡内冈著：《英国普通法的诞生》,李红海译,中国政法大学出版社2003年版,第43页。
④(比)R.C.范·卡内冈著：《英国普通法的诞生》,李红海译,中国政法大学出版社2003年版,第39页。
⑥ H. Bresslau, Internationale Beziehungen im Urkundenwesen des Mittelalters (Archiv fur Urkundenforschung, vi),1918, p.48转引自R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.114.
⑦ R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.114.
⑧ G Barraclough, The Anglo-Saxon Writ(History, New Series, xxxix). London:1954. p.206.转引自 R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.114.
⑨参见(比)R.C.范·卡内冈著：《英国普通法的诞生》,李红海译,中国政法大学出版社2003年版,第40页。
①参见(比)R.C.范·卡内冈著：《英国普通法的诞生》,李红海译,中国政法大学出版社2003年版,第39-40页。
② R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.115.
③ R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.119.
① R. A. M. Bishop and Pierre Chaplais, Facsimiles of English Royal Writs to A.D.1100. Oxford:Clarendon Press,1957. p. x.
② R.A.M. Bishop and Pierre Chaplais, Facsimiles of English Royal Writs to AD.1100. Oxford:Clarendon Press,1957. pp. x-xi.
③ R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.139.
① R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.139.
②孙德鹏：《源于“书写”的权利与技术——令状的司法化与普通法的形成》,载《现代法学》2008年第3期。
③ R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.140.又见 R. A. M. Bishop and Pierre Chaplais, Facsimiles of English Royal Writs to A.D.1100. Oxford:Clarendon Press,1957. p. x.
⑤ R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.140.
⑥参见R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.144.
⑦参见R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.144.
①参见(美)哈罗德·J·伯尔曼著：《法律与革命—西方法律传统的形成》,贺卫方,高鸿钧,张志铭,夏勇译,中国大百科全书出版社1993年版,第538-539页。
② Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.356.
③ Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.355.
④(比)R.C.范·卡内冈著：《英国普通法的诞生》,李红海译,中国政法大学出版社2003年版,第43页。
⑤ R. A. M. Bishop and Pierre Chaplais, Facsimiles of English Royal Writs to A.D.1100. Oxford:Clarendon Press,1957. pp. ix-x.
⑥ R. A. M. Bishop and Pierre Chaplais, Facsimiles of English Royal Writs to A.D.1100. Oxford:Clarendon Press,1957. p. x.
①(比)R.C.范·卡内冈著：《英国普通法的诞生》,李红海译,中国政法大学出版社2003年版,第39页。
②参见钱弘道著：《英美法讲座》,清华大学出版社2004年版,第12页。
③(比)R.C.范·卡内冈著：《英国普通法的诞生》,李红海译,中国政法大学出版社2003年版,第43页。
④哈罗德·J·伯尔曼著：《法律与革命—西方法律传统的形成》,贺卫方,高鸿钧,张志铭,夏勇译,中国大百科全书出版社1993年版,第540页。
②哈罗德·J·伯尔曼著：《法律与革命—西方法律传统的形成》,贺卫方,高鸿钧,张志铭,夏勇译,中国大百科全书出版社1993年版,第540页。
③ 参见 R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.141.
④ R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.146.
⑤ 参见 R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. pp.143-144.
⑥ 参见 R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.148.
①参见R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.141.
③参见R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.141.
④ J.H. Baker, The Three Languages of the Common Law,43 McGill Law Journal,1998. p.13.又见J. H. Baker, The Common Law Tradition:Lawyers, Books and the Law. London:The Hambledon Press,2000. p.232.
⑥ J.H. Baker, The Three Languages of the Common Law,43 McGill Law Journal,1998. p.11.又见 J. H. Baker, The Common Law Tradition:Lawyers, Books and the Law. London:The Hambledon Press,2000. p.229.
⑦参见R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.142.
⑧参见R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.145.
⑨参见R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.145.
①参见R. C. Van. Caenegem著Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill第146页注释1部分。
② R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.146.
③参见R. A. M. Bishop and Pierre Chaplais, Facsimiles of English Royal Writs to A.D.1100. Oxford: Clarendon Press,1957. p. xiv
⑥ J Joseph Biancalana, For Want of Justice:Legal Reforms of Henry Ⅱ,88 Columbia Law Review,1988. p. 434.
②参见R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.152.
③参见薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第965页。
⑤ R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.154.
⑥ 参见 R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.155.粗体为本文作者所加。
②参见R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. pp. 155-156.
①钱乘旦、许洁明著：《英国通史》,上海社会科学院出版社2007年版,第44页。
② R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.160.
③参见R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. pp. 159-161.
④参见钱乘旦、许洁明著：《英国通史》,上海社会科学院出版社2007年版,第45页。
⑤ Joseph Biancalana, For Want of Justice:Legal Reforms of Henry Ⅱ,88 Columbia Law Review,1988. p. 434.
②参见R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill,1958. pp.161-162.
③参见R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.162.
④(比)R.C.范·卡内冈著：《英国普通法的诞生》,李红海译,中国政法大学出版社2003年版,第50页。
⑥参见R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.163.
⑦参见R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.163.
①李猛：《除魔的世界与禁欲者的守护神：韦伯社会理论中的“英国法”问题》,载李猛主编《韦伯：法律与价值》,上海人民出版社2001年版,第202页。
②李猛：《除魔的世界与禁欲者的守护神：韦伯社会理论中的“英国法”问题》,载李猛主编《韦伯：法律与价值》,上海人民出版社2001年版,第195页。
③参见(美)H·伯尔曼著：《法律与革命》,贺卫方、高鸿钧、张志铭、夏勇译,中国大百科全书出版社1993年版,第540页。以上中文译文略作了修改。英文参见Geoffrey G. Hazard. The Early Evolution of the Common Law Writs:A Sketch,6 American Journal of Legal History,1962. p.120
①参见F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. pp.335-346.
②参见钱乘旦、许洁明著：《英国通史》,上海社会科学院出版社2007年版,第46页。
①参见钱乘旦、许洁明著：《英国通史》,上海社会科学院出版社2007年版,第47页。
③ Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.354. ④ Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.354.
⑤指因案由属于被认可的诉因范围之内而理当签发的令状。区别于依特权签发的令状(prerogative writ)。参见薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第175、1425页。
⑥ F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.335.
②参见薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年,第1425页。
③ Thomas O. Main, Traditional Equity and Contemporary Procedure,78 Washington Law Review, May, 2003. p.440.
④ F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.335.
① F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.344.
②叶秋华：《论英国法制传统的形成与英国法体系的确立》,载《法制现代化研究》(第6卷),第768页。
③参见薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第571页。
④参见薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第571页。
⑤参见薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第571页。
①参见潘维大、刘文琦编著：《英美法导论》,法律出版社2000年版,第16页。
② F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.345.
③ F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.345另参见薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年第571页相关内容。
④ F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.346.
⑤何勤华著：《西方法学史(第二版)》,中国政法大学出版社1999版,第294页。
① Steve Sheppard, The Selected Writings and Speeches of Sir Edward Coke, Vol.2., Indianapolis:Liberty Fund,2003. Preface又见Julius Goebel, Jr., Constitutional History and Constutional Law,38 Colum. L. Rev. 1938. p.577.
② http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Writ (Classic Encyclopedia Based on the 11th Edition of Encyclopedia Britannica),访问时间2008年8月25日。
① Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.64.
② J. C. Holt, "Writs of Henry" in John Hudson, The History of English Law:Centenary essays on Pollock and Maitland. Oxford:Oxford University Press,1996, p.48.
③ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.66.
① F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.317.
② Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅱ,23 Brook. L. Rev. 1956-1957. p.46.
① Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅱ,23 Brook. L. Rev. 1956-1957. p.47.
② Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.68.
④ Black's Law Dictionary (7th ed.). St Paul:West Publishing Co.,1999. p.1192.
⑤ Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.356.
⑥ Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.366.
① Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.366.
② Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.366.
③ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.68.
④ quod permittat presentare, usually called quare impedit。参见本博士论文第二章相关注释。
⑤ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. pp.68-69.
⑥ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.69.
② F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.315.
③ F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University, Press,1929. p.316.
④ F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. pp.316-317.
⑤ Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅱ,23 Brook. L. Rev. 1956-1957. p.47.
⑥ Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅱ,23 Brook. L. Rev. 1956-1957. p.48.
① Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅱ,23 Brook. L. Rev. 1956-1957. p.47.
②参见薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第1073-1074页。
③ Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.356.
① Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.356.
③(比)R.C.范·卡内冈著：《英国普通法的诞生》,李红海译,中国政法大学出版社2003年版,第43页。
④(比)R.C.范·卡内冈著：《英国普通法的诞生》,李红海译,中国政法大学出版社2003年版,第42页。
⑤(比)R.C.范·卡内冈著：《英国普通法的诞生》,李红海译,中国政法大学出版社2003年版,第43页。
① Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.356.
② Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.356.
③ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.69.
④ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.69.
⑤ F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.317.
② Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅱ,23 Brook. L. Rev. 1956-1957. p.51.
③ Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅱ,23 Brook. L. Rev. 1956-1957. pp.51-52.
① Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅱ,23 Brook. L. Rev. 1956-1957. p.52.
② Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅱ,23 Brook. L. Rev. 1956-1957. p.53.
① Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅱ,23 Brook. L. Rev. 1956-1957. p.54.
② Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅱ,23 Brook. L. Rev. 1956-1957. p.54.
① Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅱ,23 Brook. L. Rev. 1956-1957. p.55.
④ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.65.
① Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.67.
② Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.64.
③ Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅰ,22 Brook. L. Rev. 1955-1956. p.186.
① Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅰ,22 Brook. L. Rev. 1955-1956. p.189.
② Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.65.
②参见Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.67.
③参见F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.319.
④ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.69.
⑤ Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅱ,23 Brook. L. Rev. 1956-1957. p.49.
①参见F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.298.
④ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.69.
⑤ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.69.
① Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.70.
② Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.70.
④ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. pp.70-71.
① Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.71.
② Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.71.
③ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.71.
① Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.71.
③ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.72.
④ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.71.
⑤ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.71.
⑦ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.72.
① Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.72.
② Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.73.
① Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.73.
② Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.73.
③ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. pp.73-74.
④ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.74.
⑤ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.74.
⑥ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.74.
① Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.74.
② Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.75.
③ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.75.
② Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.70.
④ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.66.
⑤陈绪纲著：《法律职业与法治——以英格兰为例》,清华大学出版社2007年版,第157页。
⑥ Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅰ,22 Brook. L. Rev. 1955-1956. p.191.
① Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.76.
② Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.76.
③ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.76.
⑤ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.76.
① Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.76.
② Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.76.
③ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. pp.76-77.
④ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.76.
①参见Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.78.
② Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.77.
③ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.77.
④ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.78.
① Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.78.
② Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.78.
①参见薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第1141页。
② Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.78.
③ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.78.
⑤参见薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第465页。
① Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.79.
② Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.79.
③ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.79.
④参见薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第465页。
⑤ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.79.
⑥ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.79.
⑦ Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.357.
② Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.357.
③ Joseph Biancalana, For Want of Justice:Legal Reforms of Henry Ⅱ,88 Columbia Law Review,1988. p. 443.
④ Joseph Biancalana, For Want of Justice:Legal Reforms of Henry Ⅱ,88 Columbia Law Review,1988. p. 443.
⑤参见薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第1064页。
①参见薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第114页。
②参见(美)阿瑟·库恩著：《英美法原理》,陈超璧译注,法律出版社2002年版,第66页。
③ Garner, Bryan A., Black's Law Dictionary (7th ed.). St Paul:West Publishing Co.,1999. p.973.
④ DeSmith, The Prerogative writs,11 Cambridge L.J.,1951. p.40.; James High, Extraordinary Legal Remedies (3d Ed.,1896 Chicago)6;转引自Antieau, Chester James. The Practice of Extraordinary Remedies: Habeas Corpus and the Other Common Law Writs. Volume I., New York:Oceana Publications, Inc.1987. p.291.
⑤ Jenks, The prerogative Writs in English Law,32 Yale L. J.,1923. p.523.
① Antieau, Chester James. The Practice of Extraordinary Remedies:Habeas Corpus and the Other Common Law Writs. Volume L.New York:Oceana Publications,.Inc.1987. p.446.
② Antieau, Chester James. The Practice of Extraordinary Remedies:Habeas Corpus and the Other Common Law Writs. Volume L.New York:Oceana Publications,.Inc.1987. p.298.
③ Antieau, Chester James. The Practice of Extraordinary Remedies:Habeas Corpus and the Other Common Law Writs. Volume L.New York:Oceana Publications,.Inc.1987. p.443.
④ Garner, Bryan A., Black's Law Dictionary (7th ed.). St Paul:West Publishing Co.,1999. p.220.
⑤薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第208页。
①薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第208页。
③ Garner, Bryan A., Black's Law Dictionary (7th ed.). St Paul:West Publishing Co.,1999. p.1228.
① Antieau, Chester James. The Practice of Extraordinary Remedies:Habeas Corpus and the Other Common Law Writs. Volume Ⅱ..New York:Oceana Publications, Inc.1987. p.559.
②薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第1104页。
③ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed..London:Butterworths,1990. p.166.
① Antieau, Chester James. The Practice of Extraordinary Remedies:Habeas Corpus and the Other Common Law Writs. Volume II. New York:Oceana Publications, Inc.1987. p.475.
② Garner, Bryan A., Black's Law Dictionary (7th ed.)..St Paul:West Publishing Co.,1999. p.1228.
③ Antieau, Chester James. The Practice of Extraordinary Remedies:Habeas Corpus and the Other Common Law Writs. Volume II. New York:Oceana Publications, Inc.1987. p.662.
①薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第954页。
②薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第1099页。
① Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.353.
② Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.355.
③ Geoffrey G Hazard. The Early Evolution of the Common Law Writs:A Sketch,6 American Journal of Legal History,1962. p.117.
④孙德鹏：《源于“书写”的权利与技术——令状的司法化与普通法的形成》,载《现代法学》2008年第3期,第184页。
⑤ Geoffrey G Hazard. The Early Evolution of the Common Law Writs:A Sketch,6 American Journal of Legal History,1962. p.117.
① Geoffrey G. Hazard. The Early Evolution of the Common Law Writs:A Sketch,6 American Journal of Legal History,1962. p.117.
② Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.355.
③(比)R.C.范·卡内冈著：《英国普通法的诞生》,李红海译,中国政法大学出版社2003年版,第43页。
④ Geoffrey G Hazard. The Early Evolution of the Common Law Writs:A Sketch,6 American Journal of Legal History,1962. pp.117-118.
⑤ Geoffrey G Hazard. The Early Evolution of the Common Law Writs:A Sketch,6 American Journal of Legal History,1962. p.118.
①参见(比)R.C.范·卡内冈著：《英国普通法的诞生》,李红海译,中国政法大学出版社2003年版,第45页。
②参见(比)R.C.范·卡内冈著：《英国普通法的诞生》,李红海译,中国政法大学出版社2003年版,第45页。
③(比)R.C.范·卡内冈著：《英国普通法的诞生》,李红海译,中国政法大学出版社2003年版,第50页。
④参见(比)R.C.范·卡内冈著：《英国普通法的诞生》,李红海译,中国政法大学出版社2003年版,第50-51页。
⑤ Geoffrey G. Hazard. The Early Evolution of the Common Law Writs:A Sketch,6 American Journal of Legal History,1962. p.118.
① Geoffrey G. Hazard. The Early Evolution of the Common Law Writs:A Sketch,6 American Journal of Legal History,1962. p.118.
③参见Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.49.
①(法)孟德斯鸠著：《论法的精神》(下册),孙立坚等译,陕西人民出版社2001年版,第631页。
②徐昕：《司法决斗考》,载《法制与社会发展》2007年第1期,第20页。
③参见Frederick G Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.51.
② Geoffrey G. Hazard. The Early Evolution of the Common Law Writs:A Sketch,6 American Journal of Legal History,1962. p.119.
③ Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.357.
④ Geoffrey G. Hazard. The Early Evolution of the Common Law Writs:A Sketch,6 American Journal of Legal History,1962. p.120.
⑤ Geoffrey G Hazard. The Early Evolution of the Common Law Writs:A Sketch,6 American Journal of Legal History,1962. p.120.
① Geoffrey G. Hazard. The Early Evolution of the Common Law Writs:A Sketch,6 American Journal of Legal History,1962. p.120.
② Geoffrey G Hazard. The Early Evolution of the Common Law Writs:A Sketch,6 American Journal of Legal History,1962. p.120.(美)伯尔曼著：《法律与革命》,贺卫方、高鸿钧、张志铭、夏勇译,中国大百科全书出版社1993年版,第540页。Geoffrey G Hazard. The Early Evolution of the Common Law Writs:A Sketch,6 American Journal of Legal History,1962. p.120.
① Geoffrey G Hazard. The Early Evolution of the Common Law Writs:A Sketch,6 American Journal of Legal History,1962. p.120.
② Geoffrey G Hazard. The Early Evolution of the Common Law Writs:A Sketch,6 American Journal of Legal History,1962. p.119.
③ Geoffrey G Hazard. The Early Evolution of the Common Law Writs:A Sketch,6 American Journal of Legal History,1962. p.119.
④ Geoffrey G Hazard. The Early Evolution of the Common Law Writs:A Sketch,6 American Journal of Legal History,1962. p.119.
① Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,4rd ed. London:Butterworths,2002. p.54.
② Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.64.
③ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.64.
④ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.65.
① Geoffrey G Hazard. The Early Evolution of the Common Law Writs:A Sketch,6 American Journal of Legal History,1962. p.121.
② Joseph Biancalana, For Want of Justice:Legal Reforms of Henry Ⅱ,88 Columbia Law Review,1988. p. 433.
③参见(英)约翰·哈德森著：《英国普通法的形成——从诺曼征服到大宪章时期英格兰的法律与社会》,刘四新译,商务印书馆2006年版,第137页。
⑤ F. Pollock & F. Maitland, The History of English Law Before the Time of Edward Ⅰ(2d ed.),1923. p.136.
① Sir Frederick Pollock & Frederick William Maitland, The History of English Law Before the Time of Edward Ⅰ. London:Cambridge University Press, Volume Ⅱ,1923. p.57.
② Joseph Biancalana, For Want of Justice:Legal Reforms of Henry Ⅱ,88 Columbia Law Review,1988. p. 435.
③参见Sir Frederick Pollock & Frederick William Maitland, The History of English Law Before the Time of Edward I (2d ed.). Cambridge University Press,1923. p.136.
①(英)约翰·哈德森著：《英国普通法的形成——从诺曼征服到大宪章时期英格兰的法律与社会》,刘四新译,商务印书馆2006年版,第140页。
③参见(美)哈罗德·J·伯尔曼著：《法律与革命——西方法律传统的形成》,贺卫方、高鸿钧、张志铭、夏勇译,中国大百科全书出版社1993年版,第312页。
④何勤华主编：《英国法律发达史》,法律出版社1999年版,第14-15页。
⑤ Sir Frederick Pollock & Frederick William Maitland, The History of English Law Before the Time of Edward I (2d ed.). Cambridge University Press,1923. p.137.
① Sir Frederick Pollock & Frederick William Maitland, The History of English Law Before the Time of Edward I (2d ed.). Cambridge University Press,1923. p.137.
②(英)约翰·哈德森著：《英国普通法的形成——从诺曼征服到大宪章时期英格兰的法律与社会》,刘四新译,商务印书馆2006年版,第141页。
③(美)哈罗德·J·伯尔曼著：《法律与革命——西方法律传统的形成》,贺卫方、高鸿钧、张志铭、夏勇译,中国大百科全书出版社1993年版,第312页。
④参见(美)哈罗德·J·伯尔曼著：《法律与革命——西方法律传统的形成》,贺卫方、高鸿钧、张志铭、夏勇译,中国大百科全书出版社1993年版,第314页。
②陈绪纲著：《法律职业与法治——以英格兰为例》,清华大学出版社2007年版,第91页。
③ Sir Frederick Pollock & Frederick William Maitland, The History of English Law Before the Time of Edward Ⅰ(2d ed.). Cambridge University Press,1923. p.137.
④ Sir Frederick Pollock & Frederick William Maitland, The History of English Law Before the Time of Edward Ⅰ (2d ed.). Cambridge University Press,1923. p.137.
⑥参见薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第702页。
① Sir Frederick Pollock & Frederick William Maitland, The History of English Law Before the Time of Edward I (2d ed.). Cambridge University Press,1923. p.138另参见孙彼德：《令状的司法化与早期英国王权的特殊性》,载《西南政法大学学报》2004年第6期,第70页。程汉大：《论11—12世纪英国封建集权君主制》,载《史学月刊》1997年第3期,第102页。
③ Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.360.
④参见薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第109页。
⑤何勤华主编：《英国法律发达史》,法律出版社1999年版,第14页。
② Sir Frederick Pollock & Frederick William Maitland, The History of English Law Before the Time of Edward I (2d ed.). Cambridge University Press,1923. p.138.
③ Sir Frederick Pollock & Frederick William Maitland, The History of English Law Before the Time of Edward Ⅰ(2d ed.). Cambridge University Press,1923. p.136.
④ Sir Frederick Pollock & Frederick William Maitland, The History of English Law Before the Time of Edward 1(2d ed.). Cambridge University Press,1923. p.138.
①程汉大：《12—13世纪英国法律制度的革命性变化》,载《世界历史》2000年第5期。
②程汉大：《12—13世纪英国法律制度的革命性变化》,载《世界历史》2000年第5期。
③程汉大：《12—13世纪英国法律制度的革命性变化》,载《世界历史》2000年第5期。
④程汉大、李培锋著：《英国司法制度史》,清华大学出版社2007年版,第129页。
② Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.63.
③参见R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. pp. 155-156.
①程汉大：《12—13世纪英国法律制度的革命性变化》,载《历史研究》2000年第5期。
②程汉大、李培锋著：《英国司法制度史》,清华大学出版社2007年版,第263页。
④程汉大、李培锋著：《英国司法制度史》,清华大学出版社2007年版,第264页。
①参见薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第1357-1358页。
②程汉大、李培锋著：《英国司法制度史》,清华大学出版社2007年版,第264页。
④ Edward Jenks. Law and Politics in the Middle Ages. London:John Murray, Albemarle Street,1919. p.127.
① Edward Jenks. Law and Politics in the Middle Ages. London:John Murray, Albemarle Street,1919. p.128.
③ Edward Jenks. Law and Politics in the Middle Ages. London:John Murray, Albemarle Street,1919. p.128.
④ Joseph Biancalana, For Want of Justice:Legal Reforms of Henry Ⅱ,88 Columbia Law Review,1988. p. 434.
⑤ F. Pollock & F. Maitland, The History of English Law Before the Time of Edward I (2d ed.) 1923. p.136.
① Joseph Biancalana, For Want of Justice:Legal Reforms of Henry Ⅱ,88 Columbia Law Review,1988. p. 436.
② Joseph Biancalana, For Want of Justice:Legal Reforms of Henry Ⅱ,88 Columbia Law Review,1988. p. 436.
① Joseph Biancalana, For Want of Justice:Legal Reforms of Henry Ⅱ,88 Columbia Law Review,1988. p. 438.
② Joseph Biancalana, For Want of Justice:Legal Reforms of Henry Ⅱ,88 Columbia Law Review,1988. p. 435.
③ Joseph Biancalana, For Want of Justice:Legal Reforms of Henry Ⅱ,88 Columbia Law Review,1988. p. 435.
①参见F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.295.
② Sir Frederick Pollock & Frederick William Maitland, The History of English Law Before the Time of EdwardⅡ, c. IX,. London:Cambridge University Press,1895. p.559.
③ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.67.
④ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.67.
⑤ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.67.
①参见Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅰ,22 Brook. L. Rev. 1955-1956. p.181.
② Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅰ,22 Brook. L. Rev. 1955-1956. p.182.
① Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅰ,22 Brook. L. Rev. 1955-1956. p.182.
② Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅰ,22 Brook. L. Rev. 1955-1956. p.183.
① F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.296.
③ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,4rd ed. London:Butterworths,2002. p.53.
④ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,4rd ed. London:Butterworths,2002. p.53.
② Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅰ,22 Brook. L. Rev. 1955-1956. p.186.
③ Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅰ,22 Brook. L. Rev. 1955-1956. p.187.
④ Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅰ,22 Brook. L. Rev. 1955-1956. pp.192-193.
① Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅰ,22 Brook. L. Rev. 1955-1956. p.193.
② Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅰ,22 Brook. L. Rev. 1955-1956. p.190.
④ Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.355.
① Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.354.
② Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.63.
③ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.64.
④ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.64.
⑤ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.64.
⑥ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.64.
① Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.65.
② Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. pp.65-66.
③ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.66.
④ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.66.
① Thomas Atkins Street, Foundations of Legal Liability, c. II, Northport,1906. p.37.转引自 Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅰ,22 Brook. L. Rev.1955-1956. p.180.
② Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅰ,22 Brook. L. Rev. 1955-1956.pp.184-185.
③ Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅰ,22 Brook. L. Rev. 1955-1956.p.185.
① Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅰ,22 Brook. L. Rev. 1955-1956. p.185.
③ Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅰ,22 Brook. L. Rev. 1955-1956. p.185.
④ Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅰ,22 Brook. L. Rev. 1955-1956. p.188.
① Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅰ,22 Brook. L. Rev. 1955-1956. pp.188-189.
② Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅰ,22 Brook. L. Rev. 1955-1956. p.184.
① F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.332.
② F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.315.
③ F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.316.
④ F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. pp.316-317.
⑤ Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.357.
⑥ F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.315.
⑦(德)K·茨威格特、H·克茨著：《比较法总论》,潘汉典、米健、高鸿钧、贺卫方译,法律出版社2003年版,第276页。
① Sir Frederick Pollock & Frederick William Maitland, The History of English Law Before the Time of Edward Ⅱ, c. Ⅸ,. London:Cambridge University Press,1895. p.559.
② F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.335.
③ Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅰ,22 Brook. L. Rev. 1955-1956. p.205.
④参见阎照祥著：《英国史》,人民出版社2003年版,第86-89页。
① F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.338.
③ F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.336.
④参见阎照祥著：《英国史》,人民出版社2003年版,第90-91页。
② Edward Jenks. Law and Politics in the Middle Ages. London:John Murray, Albemarle Street,1919. p.143.
③ Edward Jenks. Law and Politics in the Middle Ages. London:John Murray, Albemarle Street,1919. p.144.
① Edward Jenks. Law and Politics in the Middle Ages. London:John Murray, Albemarle Street,1919. p.145.
② Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅰ,22 Brook. L. Rev. 1955-1956. p.205.
③ Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅰ,22 Brook. L. Rev. 1955-1956. pp.205-206另参见F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. pp.300-301.
④郑云瑞：《英国普通法的令状制度》,载《中外法学》1992年第6期。
⑤参见郑云瑞：《英国普通法的令状制度》,载《中外法学》1992年第6期。
② Roscoe Pound, Readings on the History and System of the Common Law (2d ed.),1913. p.350.
③ Roscoe Pound, Readings on the History and System of the Common Law (2d ed.),1913. p.350.
④ Roscoe Pound, Readings on the History and System of the Common Law (2d ed.),1913. pp.350-351.
① F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.301.
②参见薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第573页。
① Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅱ,23 Brook. L. Rev. 1956-1957. p.39.
② Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅱ,23 Brook L. Rev. 1956-1957. p.40.
③ Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅱ,23 Brook. L. Rev. 1956-1957. p.40.
④ Bigelow, History of English Procedure, c. IV, Boston 1880. p.151.转引自 Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅱ,23 Brook. L. Rev.1956-1957. p.40.
① Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅱ,23 Brook. L. Rev. 1956-1957. p.40.
② Bigelow, History of English Procedure, c. IV, Boston 1880. pp.173-174 转引自 Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅱ,23 Brook. L. Rev.1956-1957. p.40.
③ Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅱ,23 Brook. L. Rev. 1956-1957. p.40.
⑤ Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅱ,23 Brook. L. Rev. 1956-1957. p.41.
① Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅱ,23 Brook. L. Rev. 1956-1957. p.42.
② Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅱ,23 Brook. L. Rev. 1956-1957. p.48.
③ Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅱ,23 Brook. L. Rev. 1956-1957. p.48.
② Schulz, Writ "Praecipe Quod Reddat" and Its Continental Models,54 Jurid. Rev.,1942. p.1.转引自Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅱ,23 Brook. L. Rev.1956-1957. p.50.
③ Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅱ,23 Brook. L. Rev. 1956-1957. p.50.
① F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.321.
②参见Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅱ,23 Brook. L. Rev. 1956-1957. p.57.
③参见Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p. 357.
④ Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.357.
① Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅱ,23 Brook. L. Rev. 1956-1957. p.57.
② Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅱ,23 Brook. L. Rev. 1956-1957. p.57.
① Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.360.
② Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅱ,23 Brook. L. Rev. 1956-1957. p.59.
③薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第423页。
④ Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.357.
① Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.357.
② Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.358.
③ Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.358.
④参见薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第110页。另见Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅱ,23 Brook. L. Rev.1956-1957. p.58.
⑥ Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅱ,23 Brook. L. Rev. 1956-1957. p.58.
① Theodore F. Plucknett,A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.361.
② Theodore F. Plucknett,A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.360.
③参见薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第110页。
④ Theodore F. Plucknett,A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.360.
⑤ Theodore F. Plucknett,A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.360.
④参见薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第108页。
② Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅱ,23 Brook. L. Rev. 1956-1957. p.58.
③ Bigelow, History of English Procedure, c. IV, Boston,1880. p.165.转引自Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅰ,22 Brook. L. Rev.1955-1956. p.200.
④ Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.361.
⑤ Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.361.
① Black's Law Dictionary (7th ed.) (Z). St Paul:West Publishing Co.,1999. p.1192.
② Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.361.
③ F. W. Maitland, Equity and Forms of Action, p.338 & p.340.
④姜栋：英国普通法“程序先于权利原则”的思考,载《河北法学》2007年第4期。
⑤ Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.362.
⑥ Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.362.
① Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.362.
① Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅲ,23 Brook. L. Rev. 1956-1957. p.225.
① Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅲ,23 Brook. L. Rev. 1956-1957. p.226.
③ Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.362.
① Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.363.
② Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.363.
③ F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.357.
④ Kevin M. Teeven, Problems of Proof and Early English Contract Law,15 The Cambrian Law Review,1984. p.57.
②参见潘维大、刘文琦著：《英美法导读》,法律出版社2000年版,第18页。
③ Kevin M. Teeven, Problems of Proof and Early English Contract Law,15 The Cambrian Law Review,1984. p.57.
⑤ Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.364.
① Val D. Dicks, Contract Law and Christian Conscience,2003 Brigham Young University Law Review,2003. p.1014.
② F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.342.
③ Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.364.
④潘维大、刘文琦著：《英美法导读》,法律出版社2000年版,第17页。
⑤ Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.364.
⑥ F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.355.
①参见潘维大、刘文琦著：《英美法导读》,法律出版社2000年版,第17-18页。
② Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.364.
④ F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.358.
⑤ Val D. Dicks, Contract Law and Christian Conscience,2003 Brigham Young University Law Review,2003. p.1003.
⑥ F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.341.
⑦ F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.358.
① Kevin M. Teeven, Problems of Proof and Early English Contract Law,15 The Cambrian Law Review,1984. p.56.
③ Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.365.
④ Kevin M. Teeven, Problems of Proof and Early English Contract Law,15 The Cambrian Law Review,1984. p.56.
⑤ Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.368.
② Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.368.
③潘维大、刘文琦著：《英美法导读》,法律出版社2000年版,第17页。
④参见陈融、刘庆飞：《论早期普通法的契约诉讼形式及其演进》,载《华东师范大学学报》(哲学社会科学版)2007年第5期。
⑤参见刘承韪：《英美合同法对价理论的形成与流变》,载《北大法律评论》2007年第8卷第1辑,北京大学出版社,第107页。
⑥参见潘维大、刘文琦著：《英美法导读》,法律出版社2000年版,第21页。
① Kevin M. Teeven, Medieval Contract Actions,87 Commercial Law Journal,1982. p.470.
②高春常：《英国历史传统与北美奴隶制的起源》,载《历史研究》2001年第2期。
④ Michael Bridge, The Overlap of Tort and Contract,27 Revue de Droit de McGill,1982. pp.873-874.
①高春常：《英国历史传统与北美奴隶制的起源》,载《历史研究》2001年第2期。
②参见潘维大、刘文琦著：《英美法导读》,法律出版社2000年版,第22页。
③参见潘维大、刘文琦著：《英美法导读》,法律出版社2000年版,第22页。
④ Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.366.
① Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.366.
② F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. pp.359.
③ F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.359.
④ F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.359.
① Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. pp. 366-367.
② F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.360.
① Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.74.
② F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.361.
③ F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.362.
④ F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.362.
⑤ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.75.
① Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.373.
②潘维大、刘文琦著：《英美法导读》,法律出版社2000年版,第23页。
③ F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.365.
① F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.365.
② F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.366.
① Leonard v. B. Sutton, Habeas Corpus:Its Past, Present and Possible World-wide Future,44 Denver Law Journal,1967. p.549.
②参见梁龙、李浩培合著：《英国的司法与司法制度》,商务印书馆1946年重庆初版,第64页。
④(英)布莱克斯通：《评论集》第1卷第136页。转引自(美)汉密尔顿、杰伊、麦迪逊著：《联邦党人文集》,程逢如、在汉、舒逊译,商务印书馆2006年版,第428页。
②邓智慧：《人身保护令研究》,中国政法大学博士论文2006年,第11页。
⑤(英)戴雪著：《英宪精义》,雷宾南译,中国法制出版社2001年版,第254页注。
①(英)布莱克斯通：《评论集》第4卷第438页。转引自(美)汉密尔顿、杰伊、麦迪逊著：《联邦党人文集》,程逢如、在汉、舒逊译,商务印书馆2006年版,第428页。
② James Robertson, Quo Vadis, Habeas Corpus?,55 Buff. L. Rev.,2008. p.1066.
③ Leonard v. B. Sutton, Habeas Corpus:Its Past, Present and Possible World-wide Future,44 Denver Law Journal,1967. p.549.
④ Chester James Antieau, The Practice of Extraordinary Remedies:Habeas Corpus and the Other Common Law Writs. Volume Ⅰ, New York:Oceana Publications, Inc.1987. p.1.
⑤参见秋风著：《立宪的技艺》,北京大学出版社2005年版,第157页。另见Leonard v. B. Sutton, Habeas Corpus:Its Past, Present and Possible World-wide Future,44 Denver Law Journal,1967. p.549.
①王敏远著：《刑事司法理论与实践检讨》,中国政法大学出版社1999年版,第307页。
② Leonard v. B. Sutton, Habeas Corpus:Its Past, Present and Possible World-wide Future,44 Denver Law Journal,1967. p.549.
③参见薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第399页。
③ Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law (Fifth Edition). CITIC Publishing House, 2003. p.57.
④ Leonard v. B. Sutton, Habeas Corpus:Its Past, Present and Possible World-wide Future,44 Denver Law Journal,1967. p.550.
① R. J. Sharpe, The Law of Habeas Corpus (Second Edition). Oxford:Clarendon Press.1989. pp.2-3.
② Eric M. Freedman, Habeas Corpus:Rethinking the Great Writ of Liberty., New York:New York University Press.2001. p.1.
③ R. J. Sharpe, The Law of Habeas Corpus (Second Edition). Oxford:Clarendon Press.1989. p.4.
④薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第620页。
⑤ Neil Douglas McFeeley, The Historical Development Habeas Corpus,30 Southwestern Law Journal,1976. p.586.
① Kempin Frederic G., Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law (3rd ed.). Law Press.2001. pp. 38-39.
② R. J. Sharpe, The Law of Habeas Corpus (Second Edition). Oxford:Clarendon Press.1989. p.6.
① R. J. Sharpe, The Law of Habeas Corpus (Second Edition). Oxford:Clarendon Press.1989. p.8.
② R. J. Sharpe, The Law of Habeas Corpus (Second Edition). Oxford:Clarendon Press.1989. p.8.
① R. J. Sharpe, The Law of Habeas Corpus (Second Edition). Oxford:Clarendon Press.1989. p.9.
② R. J. Sharpe, The Law of Habeas Corpus (Second Edition). Oxford:Clarendon Press.1989. p.10.
②参见何勤华主编：《英国法律发达史》,法律出版社1999年版,第78页。又见何勤华、李秀清主编：《外国法制史》,复旦大学出版社2002年版,第187页,
③ R. J. Sharpe, The Law of Habeas Corpus (Second Edition). Oxford:Clarendon Press.1989. p.15.
① R. J. Sharpe, The Law of Habeas Corpus (Second Edition). Oxford:Clarendon Press.1989. p.16.
② R. J. Sharpe, The Law of Habeas Corpus (Second Edition). Oxford:Clarendon Press.1989. p.18.
③何勤华主编：《英国法律发达史》,法律出版社1999年版,第84页。
① R. J. Sharpe, The Law of Habeas Corpus (Second Edition). Oxford:Clarendon Press.1989. pp.189-190.
② Harvard Law Review Association, Book Note, A Constitutional History of Habeas Corpus. By William F. Duker.95 Harv. L. Rev. p.1186.
③ Zechariah Chafee, Jr., The Most Important Human Right in the Constitution,32 Boston University Law Review,1952 (2). pp.143-161.
⑤ Cary Federman, The Body and the State:Habeas Corpus and American Jurisprudence, State University of New York Press,2006. p. ix.
①参见邓智慧：《人身保护令与人权保障——以刑事诉讼为主视角》,载《中国法学》2004年第4期。
② Neil Douglas McFeeley, The Historical Development Habeas Corpus,30 Southwestern Law Journal,1976. p.589.
③ "the highest remedy in the law for any man that is imprisoned" as well as the "only remedy for him that is imprisoned by the special command of the king... without shewing cuase of commitment". See Neil Douglas McFeeley, The Historical Development Habeas Corpus,30 Southwestern Law Journal,1976. p.589.
④(法)勒内·达维德著： 《当代主要法律体系》,漆竹生译,上海译文出版社1984年版,第372页。
③ Zechariah Chafee, Jr., The Most Important Human Right in the Constitution,32 Boston University Law Review,1952 (2). p.146.
①刘艺工、王继忠主编：《外国法律史》,中国人民大学出版社2008年版,第178页。
① George Van Cleve, Somerset's Case and Its Antecedents in Imperial Perspective,24 Law & History Review, 2006. pp.601-602.
② James Robertson, Quo Vadis, Habeas Corpus?,55 Buff. L. Rev.,2008. p.1072又见William M. Wiecek, Somerset:Lord Mansfield and the Legitimacy of Slavery in the Anglo-American World,42 The University of Chicago Law Review,1974. p.86.
④ Stephen I. Vladeck, The Suspension Clause as a Structural Right,62 University of Miami Law Review, 2008. p.283.
① (美)麦迪逊著：《辩论：美国制宪会议记录》,尹宣译,辽宁教育出版社2003年版,第627页。
② (美)麦迪逊著：《辩论：美国制宪会议记录》,尹宣译,辽宁教育出版社2003年版,第627页。
③ (美)麦迪逊著：《辩论：美国制宪会议记录》,尹宣译,辽宁教育出版社2003年版,第722页。
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②参见(美)汉密尔顿、杰伊、麦迪逊著：《联邦党人文集》,程逢如、在汉、舒逊译,商务印书馆2006年版,第429-430页。
④参见(美)汉密尔顿、杰伊、麦迪逊著：《联邦党人文集》,程逢如、在汉、舒逊译,商务印书馆2006年版,第427-428页。
③ James Robertson, Quo Vadis, Habeas Corpus?,55 Buff. L. Rev.,2008. p.1073.
④陈瑞华著：《刑事诉讼的前沿问题》,中国人民大学出版社2000年版,第293-294页。
① Cary Federman, The Body and the State:Habeas Corpus and American Jurisprudence, State University of New York Press,2006. p. ix.
③ Cary Federman, The Body and the State:Habeas Corpus and American Jurisprudence, State University of New York Press,2006. p. ix.
④ Cary Federman, The Body and the State:Habeas Corpus and American Jurisprudence, State University of New York Press,2006. pp. ix-x.
① Cary Federman, The Body and the State:Habeas Corpus and American Jurisprudence, State University of New York Press,2006. p. x.
② Cary Federman, The Body and the State:Habeas Corpus and American Jurisprudence, State University of New York Press,2006. p. x.
③ Fay v. Noia,372 U.S.391,401-02,83 S.Ct.822,9 L.Ed.2d 837 (1963).转引自邓智慧：《人身保护令与人权保障——以刑事诉讼为主视角》,载《中国法学》2004年第4期。
① Cary Federman, The Body and the State:Habeas Corpus and American Jurisprudence, State University of New York Press,2006. p. x.
② Steven Semeraro, Two Theories of Habeas Corpus,71 Brooklyn Law Review 2006. p.1276.
① Sharpe, R. J. The Law of Habeas Corpus (Second Edition). Oxford:Clarendon Press.1989. p.93.
② Sharpe, R. J. The Law of Habeas Corpus (Second Edition). Oxford:Clarendon Press.1989. p.94.
③ Sharpe, R. J. The Law of Habeas Corpus (Second Edition). Oxford:Clarendon Press.1989. p.95.
② Emergency Powers (Defence) Act1939, s.1(2) (a).
③ Sharpe, R. J. The Law of Habeas Corpus (Second Edition). Oxford:Clarendon Press.1989. p.97.
② Antieau, Chester James. The Practice of Extraordinary Remedies:Habeas Corpus and the Other Common Law Writs, Volume Ⅰ.New York:Oceana Publications, Inc.1987. p.13.
④ Clark, David & McCoy, Gerard. The Most Fundamental Leagl Right:Hebeas Corpus in the Commonwealth. Oxford:Clarendon Press.2000. p.77.
② James Robertson, Quo Vadis, Habeas Corpus?,55 Buff. L. Rev.,2008. p.1073.
③ James Robertson, Quo Vadis, Habeas Corpus?,55 Buff. L. Rev.,2008. pp.1073-1074.
① Stephen I. Vladeck, The Suspension Clause as a Structural Right,62 University of Miami Law Review, 2008. p.287.
① Clark, David & McCoy, Gerard. The Most Fundamental Leagl Right:Hebeas Corpus in the Commonwealth. Oxford:Clarendon Press.2000. p.77.
② Letter from Abraham Lincoln, President, United States, to Winfield Scott, Commanding General, (Apr.27, 1861), reprinted in Abraham Lincoln:Speeches and Writings 1859-1865, at 237 (1989)转引自James Robertson, Quo Vadis, Habeas Corpus?,55 Buff. L. Rev.,2008. p.1075.
① Clark, David & McCoy, Gerard. The Most Fundamental Leagl Right:Hebeas Corpus in the Commonwealth. Oxford:Clarendon Press.2000. p.77.
④ Joseph Dale Robertson. Habeas Corpus-The Most extraordinary Writ, at http://law.about.com/newsissues/law/library/forum/uc-habeas_corpus.htm.
① 丁林.醒来方知是险境.http://opus.51.net/wenxuan.htm。
② Azra B.Zaidi,The Military Commissions Act and Its Impact on Our Justice System,25 Buffalo Public Interest Law Journal,2006-2007.pp.1-2.
③(美)黄锦就、梅建明著：《美国爱国者法案：立法、实施和影响》,蒋文军译,法律出版社2008年版,第44页。
① Taeho Lim, Case Note:Supreme Court of the United States Rasul v. Bush,124 S. Ct.2686(2004),11 Wash. & Lee Race & Ethnic Anc. L.J.2005. p.241.
② Taeho Lim, Case Note:Supreme Court of the United States Rasul v. Bush,124 S. Ct.2686(2004),11 Wash. & Lee Race & Ethnic Anc. L.J.2005. p.241.
③胡铭：《价值抉择：反恐措施与刑事诉讼——以美国法为范例的检讨与反思》,载《政法论坛》2006年第6期。
⑤ Hamdan v. Rumsfeld,548 U.S.557 (2006).
①参见Jason W. Hobbes, To Boldly Go Where No Signatory Has Gone Before:How the Military Commissions Act of 2006 Has Rewritten the United States'Obligations under the Geneva Conventions,26 Penn St. Int'l L. Rev.,2007-2008. p.489.
②赵秉志、赵书鸿：《国家安全的强势保护与人权保障的极度旁落——<2006年美国军事审判委员会法令>解读与评释》,载《法学》2007年第2期。
④ Stephen I. Vladeck, The Suspension Clause as a Structural Right,62 University of Miami Law Review, 2008. p.275.
① Stephen I. Vladeck, The Suspension Clause as a Structural Right,62 University of Miami Law Review, 2008. p.276.
② Boumediene v. Bush,128 S.Ct.2229 (2008).
③ James Robertson, Quo Vadis, Habeas Corpus?,55 Buff. L. Rev.,2008. p.1083.
② Chester James Antieau, The Practice of Extraordinary Remedies:Habeas Corpus and the Other Common Law Writs, Volume Ⅰ, New York:Oceana Publications,. Inc.1987. p.79.
③ Chester James Antieau, The Practice of Extraordinary Remedies:Habeas Corpus and the Other Common Law Writs, Volume Ⅰ. New York:Oceana Publications,. Inc.,1987. p.93.
① Chester James Antieau, The Practice of Extraordinary Remedies:Habeas Corpus and the Other Common Law Writs, Volume Ⅰ. New York:Oceana Publications,. Inc.,1987. p.96.
②李宗锷、潘慧仪主编：《英汉法律大词典》,法律出版社1999年版,第295页。
③ Chester James Antieau, The Practice of Extraordinary Remedies:Habeas Corpus and the Other Common Law Writs, Volume Ⅰ., New York:Oceana Publications, Inc.1987. p.120.
④薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版。第520页。
① Miranda v.Arizona,384 U.S.436(1966);Escobedo v.Illinois,378 U.S.478(1964).
① Gideon v. Wainwright,372 U.S.335(1963).
② White v. Maryland, 373 U.S.59(1963)；Hamilton v.Alabama,368 U.S.52(1961).
③ Jackson v. Denno,378 U.S.368(1964)；Fay v. Noia,372 U.S.391(1963).
④ Mapp v. Ohio,367 U.S.643(1961).
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② Chester James Antieau, The Practice of Extraordinary Remedies:Habeas Corpus and the Other Common Law Writs, Volume I, New York:Oceana Publications, Inc.1987. p.245.
① Chester James Antieau, The Practice of Extraordinary Remedies:Habeas Corpus and the Other Common Law Writs, Volume I, New York:Oceana Publications, Inc.1987. p.35.
① Chester James Antieau, The Practice of Extraordinary Remedies:Habeas Corpus and the Other Common Law Writs, Volume Ⅰ. New York:Oceana Publications, Inc.1987. p.42.
② R. J. Sharpe, The Law of Habeas Corpus (Second Edition). Oxford:Clarendon Press.1989. p.207.
① Frank Schmalleger, Criminal Justice Today (Fifth Edition). New Jersey. Prentice-Hall, Inc.,1999. p.418.
② James Robertson, Quo Vadis, Habeas Corpus?,55 Buff. L. Rev.,2008. p.1083.
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② Frank Schmalleger, Criminal Justice Today (Fifth Edition). New Jersey. Prentice-Hall, Inc.,1999. p.418.
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①参见F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.296.
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④ Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅲ,23 Brook. L. Rev. 1956-1957. p.240.
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② Sir Frederick Pollock & Frederick William Maitland, The History of English Law Before the Time of
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③ Edward Jenks. Law and Politics in the Middle Ages. London:John Murray, Albemarle Street,1919. p.126.
① F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.311
④ Kempin, Frederic G. Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law (3rd ed.)法律出版社2001. p.31.
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③ Edward Jenks. Law and Politics in the Middle Ages. London:John Murray, Albemarle Street,1919. p.123.
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③ Joseph Biancalana, For Want of Justice:Legal Reforms of Henry Ⅱ,88 Columbia Law Review,1988. p. 435.
④李巍涛：《令状制度对英国法律文化的影响》,载《辽宁大学学报》(哲学社会科学版),2007年第5期。
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56.刘艺工、王继忠主编：《英国法律史》,中国人民大学出版社2008年版。
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58.马克垚著：《英国封建社会研究》,北京大学出版社1992年版。
59.毛玲著：《英国民事诉讼的演进与发展》,中国政法大学出版社2005年版。
60.孟广林著：《英国封建王权论稿》,人民出版社2002年版。
61.潘维大、刘文琦著：《英美法导读》,法律出版社2000年版。
62.齐延平著：《自由大宪章研究》,中国政法大学出版社2007年版。
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64.钱弘道著：《英美法讲座》,清华大学出版社2004年版。
65.秋风著：《立宪的技艺》,北京大学出版社2005年版。
66.邵晋涵《尔雅正义》。
67.沈宗灵著：《比较法研究》,北京大学出版社1998年版。
68.施鹏鹏著：《陪审制研究》,中国人民大学出版社2008年版。
69.孙长永著：《探索正当程序——比较刑事诉讼法专论》,中国法制出版社2005年版。
70.孙长永著：《侦查程序与人权》,中国方正出版社2000年9月版。
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72.王敏远著：《刑事司法理论与实践检讨》,中国政法大学出版社1999年版。
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74.王以真主编：《外国刑事诉讼法学参考资料》,北京大学出版社1995年版。
75.薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版。
76.薛竑著：《人身保护令制度研究》,法律出版社2008年版。
77.阎照祥著：《英国史》,人民出版社2003年版。
78.由嵘主编：《外国法制史》,北京大学出版社2000年重排本。
79.张建伟著：《刑事司法：多元价值与制度配置》,人民法院出版社2003年版。
1.陈光中、张建伟：《联合国<公民权利和政治权利国际公约>与我国刑事诉讼》,载《中国法学》1998年第6期。
2.陈灵海：《英国法史学的“汉马克拉维”——纪念弗里德里克·梅特兰逝世100周年》,《中外法学》2006年第4期。
3.陈融、刘庆飞：《论早期普通法的契约诉讼形式及其演进》,载《华东师范大学学报》(哲学社会科学版)2007年第5期。
4.陈兴良：《限权与分权：刑事法治视野中的警察权》,载《法律科学》(西北政法学院学报),2002年第1期。
5.陈志敏：《令状主义研究》,湘潭大学硕士学位论文,2003年。
6.程汉大：《12—13世纪英国法律制度的革命性变化》,载《世界历史》2000年第5期。
7.程汉大：《论11—12世纪英国封建集权君主制》,载《史学月刊》1997年第3期。
8.初立秀：《令状原则研究》,中国政法大学硕士学位论文,2007年。
9.崔俊杰、范毅：《宪政维度的人身保护令制度》,载《行政与法》2006年第8期。
10.邓智慧：《人身保护令研究》,中国政法大学博士论文,2006年。
11.邓智慧：《人身保护令与人权保障——以刑事诉讼为主视角》,载《中国法学》2004年第4期。
12.高春常：《英国历史传统与北美奴隶制的起源》,载《历史研究》2001年第2期。
13.高峰、曹睿：《欧洲人权法院视野下的司法令状原则》,载《政法学刊》2007年第3期。
14.高峰：《对刑事司法令状主义的反思》,载《政法学刊》2005年第3期。
15.高峰：《论技术侦查与司法令状原则的冲突》,载《江西社会科学》2006年第1期。
16.高峰：《刑事侦查中的令状制度研究》,西南政法大学博士论文,2007年。
17.龚春霞：《浅述令状在英国普通法发展中的作用——从王室司法管辖权的角度阐述》,载《云南大学学报(法学版)》2007年第3期。
18.何勤华：《法学近代化论考》,载《政治与法律》1999年第2期。
19.胡铭：《价值抉择：反恐措施与刑事诉讼——以美国法为范例的检讨与反思》, 载《政法论坛》2006年第6期。
20.姜栋：英国普通法“程序先于权利原则”的思考,载《河北法学》2007年第4期。
21.冷霞：《英国早期衡平法研究——以大法官法院为中心》,华东政法大学博士学位论文2008年。
22.李红海：《亨利二世改革与英国普通法》,载《中外法学》1996年第6期。
23.李猛：《除魔的世界与禁欲者的守护神：韦伯社会理论中的“英国法”问题》,载李猛主编《韦伯：法律与价值》,上海人民出版社2001年版。
24.李巍涛：《令状制度对英国法律文化的影响》,载《辽宁大学学报》(哲学社会科学版),2007年第5期。
25.李云飞：《论十户联保制与中世纪英格兰的王权制》,载《暨南学报(哲学社会科学版)》2007年第2期。
26.林莉红：《香港的行政救济制度》,载《中外法学》1997年第5期。
27.刘承韪：《英美合同法对价理论的形成与流变》,载《北大法律评论》2007年第8卷第1辑,北京大学出版社。
28.龙宗智：《论我国刑事庭审方式》,载《中国法学》1998年第4期。
29.龙宗智：《诉讼机制的冲突与协调—评刑诉法修改的学者建议稿》,载《现代法学》1995年第6期。
30.龙宗智：《转折与展望—谈刑事诉讼法的修改》,载《现代法学》1996年第2期。
31.莫纪宏：《论宪法原则》,载《中国法学》2001年第4期。
32.彭海青：《令状主义及其适用程序初探——兼谈我国刑事司法命令程序的重构》,载《新疆社会科学》2007年第3期。
33.屈文生：《论非常令状》,载何勤华、王立民主编《法律史研究》(第二卷),中国方正出版社2005年版。
34.屈文生：《人身保护令问题研究》,兰州大学硕士学位论文,2004年。
35.屈文生：《试论人身保护令制度》,载何勤华主编《法律文化史研究》(第二卷),商务印书馆2005年版。
36.施飞：《确立我国刑事诉讼审前令状制度研究》,载《长春理工大学学报(高 教版)》2007年第4期。
37.宋世杰、陈志敏：《论令状主义》,载《诉讼法论丛》(第10卷),陈光中、江伟主编,法律出版社2005年版。
38.孙彼德：《令状的司法化与早期英国王权的特殊性》,载《西南政法大学学报》2004年第6期。
39.孙长永、高峰：《刑事侦查中的司法令状制度探析》,载《广东社会科学》2006年第2期。
40.孙德鹏：《令状的司法化与普通法的形成——早期英国法治理方式的历史考察》,西南政法大学硕士学位论文,2004年。
41.孙德鹏：《源于“书写”的权利与技术——令状的司法化与普通法的形成》,载《现代法学》2008年第3期。
42.孙晓晖：《令状主义研究》,广西民族大学硕士学位论文,2007年。
43.孙笑侠、应永宏：《程序与法律形式化：兼论现代法律程序的特征与要素》,载《现代法学》2002年第1期。
44.仝宗锦：《布莱克斯通法律思想的内在逻辑》,载郑永流主编：《法哲学与法社会学论丛》(第九期),北京大学出版社2006年版。
45.吴宗慈：《中华民国宪法史前编·论坛异同集粹》,(台湾)文海出版社1998年版。
46.夏恿(勇)：《法治是什么——渊源、规诫与价值》,载《中国社会科学》1999年第4期。
47.项焱、张烁：《英国法治的基石——令状制度》,载《法学评论》2004年第1期。
48.萧瀚：《读<普通法的历史基础>》,载《比较法研究》2000年第4期,第446页。
49.小夏：《关塔那摩监狱陷入法律困境》,载《南风窗》2006年第7(下)期。
50.徐昕：《司法决斗考》,载《法制与社会发展》2007年第1期,第20页。
51.徐轶民、陈立彤：《爱德华一世的法律观及其实践》,载《法学》1991年第12期。
52.薛竑、鲍传丽：《论确立审前程序人身保护令救济制度》,载《广东社会科学》
2006第4期。
53.薛竑：《人身保护令制度研究》,西南政法大学博士论文,2006年。
54.杨慧清、尹灵芝：《民初移植人身保护令制度述论》,载《许昌学院学报》2003年第6期。
55.杨令侠：《加拿大魁北克省分离运动的历史渊源》,载《历史研究》1997年第2期。
56.杨宜默：《章士钊与人身保护令制度》,载《法学杂志》2004年第5期。
57.叶秋华：《论英国法制传统的形成与英国法体系的确立》,载《法制现代化研究》(第6卷)。
58.尹宣：《是<联邦党人文集>,还是<联邦主义文集>?》,载《南方周末》2006年10月26日。
59.张敏：《令状与陪审：程序正义在中世纪英国的制度设计》,载《理论界》2005年第8期。
60.张友伦：《美国史研究百年回顾》,载《历史研究》1997年第3期。
61.章士钊：“临时约法与人民自由权”载《章士钊全集》第一卷,文汇出版社2000年版。
62.赵秉志、郑延谱合著的《中美两国死刑制度之立法原因比较》,载《现代法学》2008年第2期。
63.赵夙岚：《有关美国“权利法案”的几个问题》,载《南开学报》1997年第4期。
64.赵文洪：《中世纪欧洲的村庄自治》,载《世界历史》2007年第3期。
65.郑云瑞：《英国普通法的令状制度》,载《中外法学》1992年第6期。
66.左卫民、吴卫军：《完美化追寻中的艰难求索——评<关于刑事诉讼法实施中若干问题的规定>》,载《中国法学》1999年第1期。
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52. Zaidi, Azra B., The Military Commissions Act and Its Impact on Our Justice System,25 Buffalo Public Interest Law Journal,2006-2007.
1.“大英百科全书线上中文繁体版”(http://tw.britannica.com/MiniSite/Article/id00021448.html)
2.《英国法史札记》文件来源：files.freerain.webnode.com/200000002-9e94e9f8c3/英国法史札记.pdf
3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Coke
4. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon_Baker
http://www. selden-society.qmw.ac.uk/
5. http://law.jrank.org/pages/4744/Bigelow-Melville-Madison.html
6. http://news.xinhuanet.com/newmedia/2008-09/10/content_9892106.htm
7. http://translate.legislation.gov.hk/gb/www.legislation.gov.hk/chi/glossary/index.ht m
8. http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Writ (Classic Encyclopedia Based on the 11th Edition of Encyclopedia Britannica)
9. http://www.commonlaw.com/Coke.html
10. http://www.romanlaw.cn/sub6-1-1.htm罗马法教研室
11. Joseph Dale Robertson. Habeas Corpus-The Most extraordinary Writ. at http://law.about.com/newsissues/law/library/forum/uc-habeas_corpus.htm.
12.周自痕：《英国普通法上的令状制度及其意义》,载“法律史学术网”http://flwh.znufe.edu.cn/article_show.asp?id=1312
1. Escobedo v. Illinois,378 U. S.478 (1964).
2. Fay v. Noia,372 U. S.391 (1963).
3. Fay v. Noia,372 U.S.391,401-02,83 S.Ct.822,9 L.Ed.2d 837 (1963).
4. Gideon v. Wainwright,372 U. S.335 (1963).
5. Hamdan v. Rumsfeld,548 U.S.557 (2006).
6. Hamdi v. Rumsfeld,542 U.S.507 (2004).
7. Hamilton v. Alabama,368 U. S.52 (1961).
8. Jackson v. Denno,378 U. S.368 (1964);
9. Mapp v. Ohio,367 U. S.643 (1961).
10. Miranda v. Arizona,384 U. S.436 (1966).
11. Rasul v. Bush,542 U.S.466 (2004).
12. White v. Maryland,373 U. S.59 (1963).
①有时也翻译为《令状登记册》或《令状录》,它是一部记录起始令状形式之著述,开始为手写本,1531年开始付诸印刷。随时代发展该书不断得以增加,书中收集的最早的令状始于亨利二世时代。参见薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第1168页。
②...the Register is "the name of a most ancient book and of great authority in law".参见 Elsa De Haas, The Early Thirteenth Century Register of Writs,7 U. Toronto L. J.,1947-1948. p.197.
③参见何勤华著：《西方法学史》(第二版),中国政法大学出版社1996年版,第294页。
④ W. S. Holdsworth,2 A History of English Law, London,1923. p.520.
⑤ Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.276.
④何勤华著：《西方法学史》(第二版),中国政法大学出版社1996年版,第294页。经笔者查阅普拉克内特的著作,具体是在第3卷,第97、167、212页。
⑦ Various authors, Select Essays in Anglo-American Legal History II, Boston:Little, Brown & Company,1908. pp.549-596.
⑧赫伯特.A.L.菲舍尔(Herbert Albert Laurens Fisher,1865-1940),英国历史学家,牛津大学新学院教员,后曾任谢菲尔德大学副校长(1912—1916)、英国教育委员会主席(1916—1922)等职。曾著有《中世纪的帝国》(The Medieval Empire)、《梅特兰传》(Frederick William Maitland:A Biographical Sketch)。参见陈灵海：《英国法史学的“汉马克拉维”——纪念弗里德里克·梅特兰逝世100周年》,《中外法学》2006年第4期。
⑨ H. A. L. Fisher, The Collected Papers of Frederic William MaitlandⅡ, Cambridge University Press,1911. pp.110-173.
⑩ Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.277.
①参见何勤华：《法学近代化论考》,载《政治与法律》1999年第2期,第74页。
②参见Frederick G Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.82.
③仝宗锦：《布莱克斯通法律思想的内在逻辑》,载郑永流主编：《法哲学与法社会学论丛》(第九期),北京大学出版社2006年版。
②此外他还著有《盎格鲁-诺曼英格兰的土地、法律及领主身份》(Land, Law, and Lordship in Anglo-Norman England)等。《英国普通法的形成——从诺曼征服到大宪章时期英格兰的法律与社会》一书已有中译本,译者是刘四新,是商务印书馆徐显明教授主编的“法学译从”中的一部,2006年出版。
③ Fifoot, History and Sources of the Common Law, London,1949.
④参见(美)S.F.C.密尔松著：《普通法的历史基础》,李显冬、高翔、刘智慧、马呈元译,中国大百科全书出版社1999年版,第25页。
⑤ R. A. M. Bishop and Pierre Chaplais, Facsimiles of English Royal Writs to A.D.1100. Oxford:Clarendon Press,1957.
① H. A. Cronne and R. H. C. Davis, Facsimiles of Original Charters and Writs of King Stephen, the Empress Matilda and Dukes Geoffrey and Henry,1135-1154. Oxford:1968.
② R. J. Sharpe, The Law of Habeas Corpus (Second Edition). Oxford:Clarendon Press.1989.
③ David Clark & Gerard McCoy, The Most Fundamental Legal Right:Habeas Corpus in the Commonwealth. Oxford:Clarendon Press.2000.
④ Wilson, Writs v. Rights,18 Mich. L. Rev.225 (1920).
⑤资料来源：http://law.jrank.org/pages/4744/Bigelow-Melville-Madison.html,访问日期：2009年1月17日。
④ Eric M. Freedman, Habeas Corpus:Rethinking the Great Writ of Liberty. New York:New York University Press,2001.
⑤法律出版社于2001年出版了该书的影印版,参见Frederic G Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law (3rd ed.).P.48-61,法律出版社2001年影印版。
⑥ George F. Deiser, The Development of Principle in Trespass,27 Yale L.J.,1917. p.220.
⑦ Comment, Sum Certain in the Action of Debt,33 Yale L.J.,1923. p.85.
① George Burton Adams, The Origin of the Common Law,34 Yale L.J.,1924. p.115.
② Comment, The Early Development of The Doctrine of Ius Tertii in Replevin,34 Yale L.J.,1924. p.72.
③ George E. Woodbine, The Origins of the Action of Trespass,34 Yale L.J.,1925. p.343.
④ W. S. Holdsworth, Maitland Reissued,46 Yale L.J.,1937. p.801.
⑤ Elizabeth Jean Dix, The Origins of the Action of Trespass on the Case,46 Yale L.J.1142 (1937).
⑥ Booth, Real Actions, New York,1808.
⑦ Roscoe, Law of Actions Relating to Real Property, Philadelphia,1840.
⑧ Jackson, Real Actions, Boston,1828.
⑨ Brown, Actions at Law, Philadelphia,1844.
⑩ Alderson, A Practical Treatise Upon the Law of Judicial Writs and Process in Civil and Criminal Cases, New York.1895.
[11] Scott, Fundamental Procedure in Actions at Law, New York,1922.
[12] Kinnane, Anglo-American Law, c. XX, Common Law Actions and Remedies, Indianapolis,1932. P.210, pp.453-455.
[13] Joseph Biancalana, The Origin and Early History of the Writs of Entry,25 Law & Hist. Rev.,2007. p.513.
① Joseph Biancalana, For Want of Justice:Legal Reforms of Henry Ⅱ,88 Columbia Law Review,1988. p. 433.
② Jack R. Reiter, Common Law Writs-From the Practical to the Extraordinary,80 Florida Bar Journal, 2006. p.32.
③ Harold J. Berman & Charles J. Reid, Jr., The Transformation of English Legal Science:From Hale to Blackstone,45 Emory Law Journal,1996. p.437.
④ Daniel J. Hulsebosch,23 Writs to Rights:"Navigability" and the Transformation of the Common Law in the Nineteenth Century, Cardozo Law Review,2002. p.1049.
⑤ Joshua C. Tate, Ownership and Possession in the Early Common Law,48 American Journal of Legal History,2006. p.280.
⑥ Ellen E. Sward, A History of the Civil Trial in the United States,51 University of Kansas Law Review, 2003. p.347.
⑦ Thomas Lund, The Modern Mind of the Medieval Lawyer,64 Tex. L. Rev.,1986. p.1267.
⑧ Thomas Lund, Activist Judges of the Early Fourteenth Century,2008 Utah Law Review,2008. p.471.
⑨ Douglas Laycock, How Remedies Became a Field:A History,27 Review of Litigation,2008. p.161.
⑩ Holland, Writs and Bills,8 Cambridge L. Rev.,1942. p.15.
[11] Schulz, Writ "Praecipe Quod Reddat" and Its Continental Models, 54 Jurid. Rev.,1942. P.1.
[12] McIntire, The History and Use of Writs:A List of Selected Books and Periodicals,37 Law Library Journal, 1944. p.14.
① Edgar Bodenheimer, John B. Oakley, Jean C. Love, An introduction to the Anglo-American Legal System: Readings and Cases. West Pub. Co.,1988.
② Kevin Costello, The Law of Habeas Corpus in Ireland:History, Scope of Review, and Practice under Article 40.4.2 of the Irish Constitution. Four Courts Press,2006.
③高峰著：《刑事侦查中的令状制度研究》,中国法制出版社2008年版。同年,薛竑出版了《人身保护令制度研究》(法律出版社2008年版)。
①参见梁龙、李浩培合著：《英国的司法与司法制度》,商务印书馆1946年重庆初版,第64-69页关于“人身出庭命令制在英国之历史的发展”等部分。
②参见何勤华著：《西方法学史》(第二版),中国政法大学出版社1996年版,第278-280,294页。
③参见潘维大、刘文琦著：《英美法导读》,法律出版社2000年版,第6-24页。
④参见李红海著：《普通法的历史解读——从梅特兰开始》,清华大学出版社2003年版,第137-144、210-223,294-299,305-310页。
⑤参见钱弘道著：《英美法讲座》,清华大学出版社2004年版,第26-34页。
⑥参见毛玲著：《英国民事诉讼的演进与发展》,中国政法大学出版社2005年版。
⑦参见秋风著：《立宪的技艺》,北京大学出版社2005年版。其中154-175页是“人身保护状制度源流考略”。
⑧参见程汉大、李培锋著：《英国司法制度史》,清华大学出版社2007年版,第164,280-292页。
⑨主要有卞建林、刘玫合著的《外国刑事诉讼法》,人民法院出版社、中国社会科学院出版社2002年版；陈瑞华著：《刑事诉讼的前沿问题》,中国人民大学出版社2000年版；李龙著：《宪法基础理论》,武汉大学出版社1999年版；孙长永著：《侦查程序与人权》,中国方正出版社2000年9月版；王敏远著：《刑事司法理论与实践检讨》,中国政法大学出版社1999年10月版；张建伟著：《刑事司法：多元价值与制度配置》,人民法院出版社2003年版,等等。
⑩(美)阿瑟·库恩著：《英美法原理》,陈超璧译注,曾于1948年在厦门大学内部发行,法律出版社2002年版。
(11)(英)R·J·沃克著：《英国法渊源》,夏勇,夏道虎译,西南政法学院外国法制史教学参考丛书1984年版。
(12)(美)哈罗德·J·伯尔曼著：《法律与革命—西方法律传统的形成》,贺卫方,高鸿钧,张志铭,夏勇译,中国大百科全书出版社1993年版。
①(美)S·F·C·密尔松著：《普通法的历史基础》,李显东,高翔,刘智慧,马呈元译,中国大百科全书出版社1999年版。
②(德)F·茨威格特、H·克茨著：《比较法总论》,潘汉典,米健,高鸿钧,贺卫方译,法律出版社2003年版。
③(比)R.C.范·卡内冈著：《英国普通法的诞生》,李红海译,中国政法大学出版社2003年版。
④(英)约翰·哈德森著：《英国普通法的形成——从诺曼征服道大宪章时期英格兰的法律与社会》,商务印书馆2006年版。
⑤郑云瑞：《英国普通法的令状制度》,载《中外法学》1992年第6期。
⑥李红海：《亨利二世改革与英国普通法》,载《中外法学》1996年第6期。
⑦从书涵：《司法令状规则初探》,载《宜宾学院学报》2002年第3期。
⑧姜琳炜：《强制性侦查与令状主义》,载《中国刑事警察》2002年第4期。
⑨杨慧清、尹灵芝：《民初移植人身保护令制度述论》,载《许昌学院学报》2003年第6期。
⑩韩光：《从“夫妻看黄碟”案看刑事侦查中的司法令状规则》,载《安徽电力职工大学学报》2003年第2期。
(11)项焱、张烁：《英国法治的基石——令状制度》,载《法学评论》2004年第1期。
(12)陈珊珊：《论搜查的令状》,载《广西梧州师范高等专科学校学报》2004年第4期。
(13)杨宜默：《章士钊与人身保护令制度》,载《法学杂志》2004年第5期。
(14)唐磊、张斌、黄维智：《鉴定启动的“令状主义”与“随意主义”》,载《中国司法鉴定》2004年第4期。
(15)邓智慧：《人身保护令与人权保障——以刑事诉讼为主视角》,载《中国法学》2004年第4期。
(16)孙彼德：《令状的司法化与早期英国王权的特殊性》,载《西南政法大学学报》2004年第6期。
(17)苏艾平：《中世纪令状制度对普通法形成发展的作用》,载《遵义师范学院学报》2004年第4期。
①姜琳炜：《强制性侦查与令状主义》,载《中国刑事警察》2004年第2期。
②高峰：《对刑事司法令状主义的反思》,载《政法学刊》2005年第3期。
③张敏：《令状与陪审：程序正义在中世纪英国的制度设计》,载《理论界》2005年第8期。
④宋世杰、陈志敏：《论令状主义》,载《诉讼法论丛》2005年。
⑤屈文生：《试论人身保护令制度》,载何勤华主编《法律文化史研究》(第二卷),商务印书馆2005年版。
⑥屈文生：《论非常令状》,载何勤华、王立民主编《法律史研究》(第二卷),中国方正出版社2005年版。
⑦孙长永、高峰：《刑事侦查中的司法令状制度探析》,载《广东社会科学》2006年第2期。
⑧邹涛：《建构“人身保护令”制度前瞻性研究——写在刑事诉讼法再修改之前》,载《宁波广播电视大学学报》2006年第2期。
⑨高峰：《论技术侦查与司法令状原则的冲突》,载《江西社会科学》2006年第1期。
⑩孙光宁：《令状制度的流派化分析》,载《德州学院学报》2006年第4期。
(11)薛竑、鲍传丽：《论确立审前程序人身保护令救济制度》,载《广东社会科学》2006第4期。
(12)王天星：《行政紧急强制实施中的司法令状》,载《人民司法》2006年第9期。
(13)崔俊杰、范毅：《宪政维度的人身保护令制度》,载《行政与法》2006年第8期。
(14)屈文生：《建立有中国特色人身保护令制度的构想》,载何勤华主编《多元的法律文化》,法律出版社2007年版。
(15)吴姗姗、陈海滨：《刑事司法令状主义问题研究》,载《湖北广播电视大学学报》2007年第2期。
(16)陈初强：《司法令状本质的思考》,载《甘肃政法成人教育学院学报》2007年第3期。
(17)彭海青：《令状主义及其适用程序初探——兼谈我国刑事司法命令程序的重构》,载《新疆社会科学》2007年第3期。
(18)龚春霞：《浅述令状在英国普通法发展中的作用——从王室司法管辖权的角度阐述》,载《云南大学学报(法学版)》2007年第3期。
①高峰、曹睿：《欧洲人权法院视野下的司法令状原则》,载《政法学刊》2007年第3期。
②余飞：《强制侦查中的令状制度探析》,载《四川理工学院学报(社会科学版)》2007年第4期。
③施飞：《确立我国刑事诉讼审前令状制度研究》,载《长春理工大学学报(高教版)》2007年第4期。
④孙妍：《浅议人身保护令制度》,载《人大研究》2007年12月。
⑤洪萌、王穗华：《浅论刑事诉讼中的司法令状规则》,载《法制与社会》2008年第7期。
⑥赵玥：《司法令状规则的经济分析：公正、效率、效益价值相结合的法律规则》,载《商场现代化》2008年第17期。
⑦李猛：《除魔的世界与禁欲者的守护神：韦伯社会理论中的”英国法”问题》,载李猛主编《韦伯：法律与价值》,上海人民出版社2001年版。
⑧陈志敏：《令状主义研究》,湘潭大学硕士学位论文,2003年。
⑨屈文生：《人身保护令问题研究》,兰州大学硕士学位论文,2004年。
⑩孙德鹏：《令状的司法化与普通法的形成——早期英国法治理方式的历史考察》,西南政法大学硕士学位论文,2004年。
(11)孙晓晖：《令状主义研究》,广西民族大学硕士学位论文,2007年。
(12)初立秀：《令状原则研究》,中国政法大学硕士学位论文,2007年。
(13)邓智慧：《人身保护令研究》,中国政法大学博士论文,2006年。
(14)薛竑：《人身保护令制度研究》,西南政法大学博士论文,2006年。已在2008年在法律出版社正式出版。
(15)高峰：《刑事侦查中的令状制度研究》,西南政法大学博士论文,2007年。已在2008年在中国法制出版社正式出版。
①参见何勤华主编：《英国法律发达史》,法律出版社1999年版,第26-27,50-54页。
②参见何勤华主编：《外国法制史》(第三版),法律出版社2004年版,第140页。
③参见何勤华、贺卫方主编：《西方法律史》,法律出版社2006年版,第10-11,41页。
④参见何勤华、李秀清主编：《外国法制史》,复旦大学出版社2002年版,第177-178页。
⑤参见程汉大主编：《英国法制史》,齐鲁书社2001年版,第70页。
⑥参见刘艺工、王继忠主编：《英国法律史》,中国人民大学出版社2008年版,第150、200页。
⑦陈光中主编：《中国刑事诉讼程序研究》,法律出版社1993年版。
⑧程味秋主编：《外国刑事诉讼法概论》,中国政法大学出版社1994年版。
⑨由嵘主编：《外国法制史》,北京大学出版社2000年重排本。
⑩王以真主编：《外国刑事诉讼法学参考资料》,北京大学出版社1995年版。
(11)郎胜主编：《欧盟国家审前羁押与保释制度》,法律出版社2006年版。
(12)薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版。
(13)(英)戴维·M·沃克主编：《牛津法律大词典》,李双元等译,法律出版社2003年版。
[14] Black's Law Dictionary (7th ed.). St Paul:West Publishing Co.,1999.
(14)关于上述几部词典的介绍,参见屈文生：《布莱克法律词典述评：历史与现状》,载《比较法研究》2009年第1期。
①李宗锷、潘慧仪主编：《英汉法律大词典》,法律出版社1999年版。
①(美)德沃金著：《法律帝国》,李常青译,中国大百科全书出版社1996年版,第361页。
② R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.16.
③参见(英)约翰·哈德森著：《英国普通法的形成——从诺曼征服到大宪章时期英格兰的法律与社会》,刘四新译,商务印书馆2006年版,第35页。
①程汉大：《12—13世纪英国法律制度的革命性变化》,载《世界历史》2000年第5期。
② R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.20.
④参见Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. pp.22-23.
① R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.20.
②参见(英)梅特兰等著：《欧陆法律史概览：事件、渊源、人物及运动》,屈文生等译,上海人民出版社2008年版,第66页。
③参见程汉大、李培锋著：《英国司法制度史》,清华大学出版社2007年版,第6页。
④参见薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第332页。
⑤参见梁龙、李浩培合著：《英国的司法与司怯制度》,商务印书馆1946年重庆初版,第3页。
⑥参见薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第1255页。
⑦参见薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第1255页。
①参见(美)S·F·C·密尔松著：《普通法的历史基础》,李显东,高翔,刘智慧,马呈元译,中国大百科全书出版社1999年版,第5页。
②参见(英)约翰·哈德森著：《英国普通法的形成——从诺曼征服到大宪章时期英格兰的法律与社会》,刘四新译,商务印书馆2006年版,第46-47页。
③参见(英)约翰·哈德森著：《英国普通法的形成——从诺曼征服到大宪章时期英格兰的法律与社会》,刘四新译,商务印书馆2006年版,第47页。
④ Frederick G Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.24.
① Frederick G Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. pp 24-25.
②参见(英)约翰·哈德森著：《英国普通法的形成——从诺曼征服到大宪章时期英格兰的法律与社会》,刘四新译,商务印书馆2006年版,第46页。
③(美)S·F·C·密尔松著：《普通法的历史基础》,李显东,高翔,刘智慧,马呈元译,中国大百科全书出版社1999年版,第6页。
④参见(英)约翰·哈德森著：《英国普通法的形成——从诺曼征服到大宪章时期英格兰的法律与社会》,刘四新译,商务印书馆2006年版,第46页。
② Frederick G Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.25.
① Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.87.
②参见R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.23.
③参见(英)约翰·哈德森著：《英国普通法的形成——从诺曼征服到大宪章时期英格兰的法律与社会》,刘四新译,商务印书馆2006年版,第49-50页。
④ Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.89.
⑤ Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.23.
⑥程汉大、李培锋著：《英国司法制度史》,清华大学出版社2007年版,第11页。
① Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.23.
②参见《英国法史札记》。文件来源files.freerain.webnode.com/200000002-9e94e9f8c3/英国法史札记.pdf。访问时间：2008年10月5日。
③参见(英)约翰·哈德森著：《英国普通法的形成——从诺曼征服到大宪章时期英格兰的法律与社会》,刘四新译,商务印书馆2006年版,第48页。
⑤ R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.23.
⑥参见程汉大、李培锋著：《英国司法制度史》,清华大学出版社2007年版,第10页。
② R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.23.
③参见李云飞：《论十户联保制与中世纪英格兰的王权制》,载《暨南学报(哲学社会科学版)》2007年第2期,第41页。
④ Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.24.
① Geoffrey G Hazard. The Early Evolution of the Common Law Writs:A Sketch,6 American Journal of Legal History,1962. p.115.
② Frederick G Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. pp.25-26.
③参见程汉大、李培锋著：《英国司法制度史》,清华大学出版社2007年版,第12页。
④ Frederick G Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.26.
⑤ Frederick G Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.26.
①参见程汉大、李培锋著：《英国司法制度史》,清华大学出版社2007年版,第12-13页。
② Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. pp.26-27.
③ Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. pp.27.
④参见程汉大、李培锋著：《英国司法制度史》,清华大学出版社2007年版,第13页。
⑤ Sir Frederick Pollock & Frederick William Maitland, The History of English Law Before the Time of Edward Ⅰ. London:Cambridge University Press,1968. p.133转引自参见程汉大、李培锋著：《英国司法制度史》,清华大学出版社2007年版,第13页。
⑥参见(美)S·F·C·密尔松著：《普通法的历史基础》,李显东,高翔,刘智慧,马呈元译,中国大百科全书出版社1999年版,第13页。
① Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.27.
②参见(英)约翰·哈德森著：《英国普通法的形成——从诺曼征服到大宪章时期英格兰的法律与社会》,刘四新译,商务印书馆2006年版,第38页。
④参见薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第612页。
① Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.28.
⑥ Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.29.
① Frederick G Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. pp.29-30.
②转引自(英)约翰·哈德森著：《英国普通法的形成——从诺曼征服到大宪章时期英格兰的法律与社会》,刘四新译,商务印书馆2006年版,第40页。
① Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.31.
② Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.355.
③ Frederick G Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. pp.31-32.
① Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.32.
② Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.33.
⑤ Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.33.
⑥ Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.33.
①参见陈灵海：《英国法史学的“汉马克拉维”——纪念弗里德里克·梅特兰逝世100周年》,《中外法学》2006年第4期。
② Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.34.
③ Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.34.
④ Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.35.
① Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.35.
②参见程汉大、李培锋著：《英国司法制度史》,清华大学出版社2007年版,第41页。
② Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.34.
③ Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.36.
⑤ Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.36.
⑥ Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.36.
① Amalia D. Kessler, Our Inquisitorial Tradition:Equity Procedure, Due Process, and The Search For An Alternative To The Adversarial,90 Cornell Law Review,1199 (July,2005). See J.H. Baker, An Introduction to English Legal History (4th ed.),2002. p.98.
② Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.38.
① Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.37.
④ Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.39.
⑤ Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.39.
① Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. pp.39-40.
② Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.40.
③ Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.40.
④ Edward Jenks. Law and Politics in the Middle Ages. London:John Murray, Albemarle Street,1919. p.144.
⑤ Edward Jenks. Law and Politics in the Middle Ages. London:John Murray, Albemarle Street,1919. p.145.
⑥参见薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第213、340页。
①参见梁龙、李浩培合著：《英国的司法与司法制度》,商务印书馆1946年重庆初版,第7页。(?)
④参见Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅰ,22 Brook. L. Rev. 1955-1956. p.202.
⑤参见薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第483页。
⑥参见程汉大、李培锋著：《英国司法制度史》,清华大学出版社2007年版,第18页。
⑦ Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.27.
⑦参见程汉大、李培锋著：《英国司法制度史》,清华大学出版社2007年版,第17页。
① Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.28.
②参见程汉大、李培锋著：《英国司法制度史》,清华大学出版社2007年版,第18页。
④ Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.41.
⑤ Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.41.
⑥ Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅰ,22 Brook. L. Rev. 1955-1956. p.184.
① Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.42.
② Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.42.
③ Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. pp.42-43.
①(比)R.C.范·卡内冈著：《英国普通法的诞生》,李红海译,中国政法大学出版社2003年版,第43页。
③参见王健著：《沟通两个世界的法律意义——晚晴西方法的输入与法律新词初探》,中国政法大学出版社2001年版,第241页。
② http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Writ (Classic Encyclopedia Based on the 11th Edition of Encyclopedia Britannica),访问时间2008年8月25日。
③ R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.107.
④ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,4rd ed. London:Butterworths,2002. p.57.
⑤ R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958.p.107.
①(古罗马)优士丁尼著：《法学阶梯》(第二版),徐国栋译,中国政法大学出版社2005年版,第517页。
③(古罗马)优士丁尼著：《法学阶梯》(第二版),徐国栋译,中国政法大学出版社2005年版,第519页。
④(古罗马)盖尤斯著：《盖尤斯法学阶梯》,黄风译,中国政法大学出版社2008年版,第259页。
⑤(古罗马)盖尤斯著：《盖尤斯法学阶梯》,黄风译,中国政法大学出版社2008年版,第260-264页。
⑥(古罗马)盖尤斯著：《盖尤斯法学阶梯》,黄风译,中国政法大学出版社2008年版,第264-265页。
⑦参见(德)K·茨威格特、H·克茨著：《比较法总论》,潘汉典、米健、高鸿钧、贺卫方译,法律出
参见《元照英美法词典》,第826页。
参见：John P. Mckay and others, A History of Western Society (Third Edition). Boston:Houghton Mifflin Company,1987. p.216.
① Black's Law Dictionary (7th ed.). St Paul:West Publishing Co.,1999. p.1602.
②薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第1424-1425页。
①(美)哈罗德·J·伯尔曼著：《法律与革命——西方法律传统的形成》,贺卫方、高鸿钧、张志铭、夏勇译,中国大百科全书出版社1993年版,第538-539页。
②(比)R.C.范·卡内冈著：《英国普通法的诞生》,李红海译,中国政法大学出版社2003年版,第39页。
③潘维大、刘文琦编著：《英美法导读》,法律出版社2000年版,第12页。
① Holdsworth, W. S. Sources and Literature of English Law. P.200.1925. 转引自 Black's Law Dictionary (7th ed.) (Z). St Paul:West Publishing Co.,1999. p.1602.
② Arthur Giry, Manuel de Diplomatique, Paris,1894, P.795.转引自 R. A. M. Bishop and Pierre Chaplais, Facsimiles of English Royal Writs to A.D.1100. Oxford:Clarendon Press,1957. p. ix.
③(比)R.C.范·卡内冈著：《英国普通法的诞生》,李红海译,中国政法大学出版社2003年版,第43页。
④(比)R.C.范·卡内冈著：《英国普通法的诞生》,李红海译,中国政法大学出版社2003年版,第39页。
⑥ H. Bresslau, Internationale Beziehungen im Urkundenwesen des Mittelalters (Archiv fur Urkundenforschung, vi),1918, p.48转引自R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.114.
⑦ R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.114.
⑧ G Barraclough, The Anglo-Saxon Writ(History, New Series, xxxix). London:1954. p.206.转引自 R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.114.
⑨参见(比)R.C.范·卡内冈著：《英国普通法的诞生》,李红海译,中国政法大学出版社2003年版,第40页。
①参见(比)R.C.范·卡内冈著：《英国普通法的诞生》,李红海译,中国政法大学出版社2003年版,第39-40页。
② R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.115.
③ R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.119.
① R. A. M. Bishop and Pierre Chaplais, Facsimiles of English Royal Writs to A.D.1100. Oxford:Clarendon Press,1957. p. x.
② R.A.M. Bishop and Pierre Chaplais, Facsimiles of English Royal Writs to AD.1100. Oxford:Clarendon Press,1957. pp. x-xi.
③ R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.139.
① R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.139.
②孙德鹏：《源于“书写”的权利与技术——令状的司法化与普通法的形成》,载《现代法学》2008年第3期。
③ R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.140.又见 R. A. M. Bishop and Pierre Chaplais, Facsimiles of English Royal Writs to A.D.1100. Oxford:Clarendon Press,1957. p. x.
⑤ R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.140.
⑥参见R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.144.
⑦参见R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.144.
①参见(美)哈罗德·J·伯尔曼著：《法律与革命—西方法律传统的形成》,贺卫方,高鸿钧,张志铭,夏勇译,中国大百科全书出版社1993年版,第538-539页。
② Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.356.
③ Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.355.
④(比)R.C.范·卡内冈著：《英国普通法的诞生》,李红海译,中国政法大学出版社2003年版,第43页。
⑤ R. A. M. Bishop and Pierre Chaplais, Facsimiles of English Royal Writs to A.D.1100. Oxford:Clarendon Press,1957. pp. ix-x.
⑥ R. A. M. Bishop and Pierre Chaplais, Facsimiles of English Royal Writs to A.D.1100. Oxford:Clarendon Press,1957. p. x.
①(比)R.C.范·卡内冈著：《英国普通法的诞生》,李红海译,中国政法大学出版社2003年版,第39页。
②参见钱弘道著：《英美法讲座》,清华大学出版社2004年版,第12页。
③(比)R.C.范·卡内冈著：《英国普通法的诞生》,李红海译,中国政法大学出版社2003年版,第43页。
④哈罗德·J·伯尔曼著：《法律与革命—西方法律传统的形成》,贺卫方,高鸿钧,张志铭,夏勇译,中国大百科全书出版社1993年版,第540页。
②哈罗德·J·伯尔曼著：《法律与革命—西方法律传统的形成》,贺卫方,高鸿钧,张志铭,夏勇译,中国大百科全书出版社1993年版,第540页。
③ 参见 R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.141.
④ R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.146.
⑤ 参见 R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. pp.143-144.
⑥ 参见 R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.148.
①参见R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.141.
③参见R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.141.
④ J.H. Baker, The Three Languages of the Common Law,43 McGill Law Journal,1998. p.13.又见J. H. Baker, The Common Law Tradition:Lawyers, Books and the Law. London:The Hambledon Press,2000. p.232.
⑥ J.H. Baker, The Three Languages of the Common Law,43 McGill Law Journal,1998. p.11.又见 J. H. Baker, The Common Law Tradition:Lawyers, Books and the Law. London:The Hambledon Press,2000. p.229.
⑦参见R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.142.
⑧参见R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.145.
⑨参见R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.145.
①参见R. C. Van. Caenegem著Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill第146页注释1部分。
② R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.146.
③参见R. A. M. Bishop and Pierre Chaplais, Facsimiles of English Royal Writs to A.D.1100. Oxford: Clarendon Press,1957. p. xiv
⑥ J Joseph Biancalana, For Want of Justice:Legal Reforms of Henry Ⅱ,88 Columbia Law Review,1988. p. 434.
②参见R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.152.
③参见薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第965页。
⑤ R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.154.
⑥ 参见 R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.155.粗体为本文作者所加。
②参见R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. pp. 155-156.
①钱乘旦、许洁明著：《英国通史》,上海社会科学院出版社2007年版,第44页。
② R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.160.
③参见R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. pp. 159-161.
④参见钱乘旦、许洁明著：《英国通史》,上海社会科学院出版社2007年版,第45页。
⑤ Joseph Biancalana, For Want of Justice:Legal Reforms of Henry Ⅱ,88 Columbia Law Review,1988. p. 434.
②参见R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill,1958. pp.161-162.
③参见R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.162.
④(比)R.C.范·卡内冈著：《英国普通法的诞生》,李红海译,中国政法大学出版社2003年版,第50页。
⑥参见R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.163.
⑦参见R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. p.163.
①李猛：《除魔的世界与禁欲者的守护神：韦伯社会理论中的“英国法”问题》,载李猛主编《韦伯：法律与价值》,上海人民出版社2001年版,第202页。
②李猛：《除魔的世界与禁欲者的守护神：韦伯社会理论中的“英国法”问题》,载李猛主编《韦伯：法律与价值》,上海人民出版社2001年版,第195页。
③参见(美)H·伯尔曼著：《法律与革命》,贺卫方、高鸿钧、张志铭、夏勇译,中国大百科全书出版社1993年版,第540页。以上中文译文略作了修改。英文参见Geoffrey G. Hazard. The Early Evolution of the Common Law Writs:A Sketch,6 American Journal of Legal History,1962. p.120
①参见F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. pp.335-346.
②参见钱乘旦、许洁明著：《英国通史》,上海社会科学院出版社2007年版,第46页。
①参见钱乘旦、许洁明著：《英国通史》,上海社会科学院出版社2007年版,第47页。
③ Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.354. ④ Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.354.
⑤指因案由属于被认可的诉因范围之内而理当签发的令状。区别于依特权签发的令状(prerogative writ)。参见薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第175、1425页。
⑥ F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.335.
②参见薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年,第1425页。
③ Thomas O. Main, Traditional Equity and Contemporary Procedure,78 Washington Law Review, May, 2003. p.440.
④ F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.335.
① F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.344.
②叶秋华：《论英国法制传统的形成与英国法体系的确立》,载《法制现代化研究》(第6卷),第768页。
③参见薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第571页。
④参见薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第571页。
⑤参见薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第571页。
①参见潘维大、刘文琦编著：《英美法导论》,法律出版社2000年版,第16页。
② F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.345.
③ F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.345另参见薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年第571页相关内容。
④ F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.346.
⑤何勤华著：《西方法学史(第二版)》,中国政法大学出版社1999版,第294页。
① Steve Sheppard, The Selected Writings and Speeches of Sir Edward Coke, Vol.2., Indianapolis:Liberty Fund,2003. Preface又见Julius Goebel, Jr., Constitutional History and Constutional Law,38 Colum. L. Rev. 1938. p.577.
② http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Writ (Classic Encyclopedia Based on the 11th Edition of Encyclopedia Britannica),访问时间2008年8月25日。
① Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.64.
② J. C. Holt, "Writs of Henry" in John Hudson, The History of English Law:Centenary essays on Pollock and Maitland. Oxford:Oxford University Press,1996, p.48.
③ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.66.
① F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.317.
② Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅱ,23 Brook. L. Rev. 1956-1957. p.46.
① Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅱ,23 Brook. L. Rev. 1956-1957. p.47.
② Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.68.
④ Black's Law Dictionary (7th ed.). St Paul:West Publishing Co.,1999. p.1192.
⑤ Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.356.
⑥ Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.366.
① Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.366.
② Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.366.
③ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.68.
④ quod permittat presentare, usually called quare impedit。参见本博士论文第二章相关注释。
⑤ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. pp.68-69.
⑥ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.69.
② F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.315.
③ F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University, Press,1929. p.316.
④ F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. pp.316-317.
⑤ Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅱ,23 Brook. L. Rev. 1956-1957. p.47.
⑥ Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅱ,23 Brook. L. Rev. 1956-1957. p.48.
① Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅱ,23 Brook. L. Rev. 1956-1957. p.47.
②参见薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第1073-1074页。
③ Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.356.
① Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.356.
③(比)R.C.范·卡内冈著：《英国普通法的诞生》,李红海译,中国政法大学出版社2003年版,第43页。
④(比)R.C.范·卡内冈著：《英国普通法的诞生》,李红海译,中国政法大学出版社2003年版,第42页。
⑤(比)R.C.范·卡内冈著：《英国普通法的诞生》,李红海译,中国政法大学出版社2003年版,第43页。
① Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.356.
② Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.356.
③ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.69.
④ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.69.
⑤ F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.317.
② Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅱ,23 Brook. L. Rev. 1956-1957. p.51.
③ Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅱ,23 Brook. L. Rev. 1956-1957. pp.51-52.
① Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅱ,23 Brook. L. Rev. 1956-1957. p.52.
② Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅱ,23 Brook. L. Rev. 1956-1957. p.53.
① Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅱ,23 Brook. L. Rev. 1956-1957. p.54.
② Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅱ,23 Brook. L. Rev. 1956-1957. p.54.
① Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅱ,23 Brook. L. Rev. 1956-1957. p.55.
④ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.65.
① Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.67.
② Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.64.
③ Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅰ,22 Brook. L. Rev. 1955-1956. p.186.
① Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅰ,22 Brook. L. Rev. 1955-1956. p.189.
② Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.65.
②参见Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.67.
③参见F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.319.
④ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.69.
⑤ Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅱ,23 Brook. L. Rev. 1956-1957. p.49.
①参见F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.298.
④ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.69.
⑤ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.69.
① Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.70.
② Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.70.
④ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. pp.70-71.
① Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.71.
② Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.71.
③ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.71.
① Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.71.
③ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.72.
④ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.71.
⑤ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.71.
⑦ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.72.
① Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.72.
② Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.73.
① Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.73.
② Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.73.
③ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. pp.73-74.
④ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.74.
⑤ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.74.
⑥ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.74.
① Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.74.
② Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.75.
③ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.75.
② Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.70.
④ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.66.
⑤陈绪纲著：《法律职业与法治——以英格兰为例》,清华大学出版社2007年版,第157页。
⑥ Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅰ,22 Brook. L. Rev. 1955-1956. p.191.
① Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.76.
② Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.76.
③ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.76.
⑤ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.76.
① Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.76.
② Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.76.
③ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. pp.76-77.
④ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.76.
①参见Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.78.
② Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.77.
③ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.77.
④ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.78.
① Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.78.
② Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.78.
①参见薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第1141页。
② Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.78.
③ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.78.
⑤参见薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第465页。
① Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.79.
② Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.79.
③ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.79.
④参见薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第465页。
⑤ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.79.
⑥ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.79.
⑦ Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.357.
② Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.357.
③ Joseph Biancalana, For Want of Justice:Legal Reforms of Henry Ⅱ,88 Columbia Law Review,1988. p. 443.
④ Joseph Biancalana, For Want of Justice:Legal Reforms of Henry Ⅱ,88 Columbia Law Review,1988. p. 443.
⑤参见薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第1064页。
①参见薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第114页。
②参见(美)阿瑟·库恩著：《英美法原理》,陈超璧译注,法律出版社2002年版,第66页。
③ Garner, Bryan A., Black's Law Dictionary (7th ed.). St Paul:West Publishing Co.,1999. p.973.
④ DeSmith, The Prerogative writs,11 Cambridge L.J.,1951. p.40.; James High, Extraordinary Legal Remedies (3d Ed.,1896 Chicago)6;转引自Antieau, Chester James. The Practice of Extraordinary Remedies: Habeas Corpus and the Other Common Law Writs. Volume I., New York:Oceana Publications, Inc.1987. p.291.
⑤ Jenks, The prerogative Writs in English Law,32 Yale L. J.,1923. p.523.
① Antieau, Chester James. The Practice of Extraordinary Remedies:Habeas Corpus and the Other Common Law Writs. Volume L.New York:Oceana Publications,.Inc.1987. p.446.
② Antieau, Chester James. The Practice of Extraordinary Remedies:Habeas Corpus and the Other Common Law Writs. Volume L.New York:Oceana Publications,.Inc.1987. p.298.
③ Antieau, Chester James. The Practice of Extraordinary Remedies:Habeas Corpus and the Other Common Law Writs. Volume L.New York:Oceana Publications,.Inc.1987. p.443.
④ Garner, Bryan A., Black's Law Dictionary (7th ed.). St Paul:West Publishing Co.,1999. p.220.
⑤薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第208页。
①薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第208页。
③ Garner, Bryan A., Black's Law Dictionary (7th ed.). St Paul:West Publishing Co.,1999. p.1228.
① Antieau, Chester James. The Practice of Extraordinary Remedies:Habeas Corpus and the Other Common Law Writs. Volume Ⅱ..New York:Oceana Publications, Inc.1987. p.559.
②薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第1104页。
③ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed..London:Butterworths,1990. p.166.
① Antieau, Chester James. The Practice of Extraordinary Remedies:Habeas Corpus and the Other Common Law Writs. Volume II. New York:Oceana Publications, Inc.1987. p.475.
② Garner, Bryan A., Black's Law Dictionary (7th ed.)..St Paul:West Publishing Co.,1999. p.1228.
③ Antieau, Chester James. The Practice of Extraordinary Remedies:Habeas Corpus and the Other Common Law Writs. Volume II. New York:Oceana Publications, Inc.1987. p.662.
①薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第954页。
②薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第1099页。
① Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.353.
② Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.355.
③ Geoffrey G Hazard. The Early Evolution of the Common Law Writs:A Sketch,6 American Journal of Legal History,1962. p.117.
④孙德鹏：《源于“书写”的权利与技术——令状的司法化与普通法的形成》,载《现代法学》2008年第3期,第184页。
⑤ Geoffrey G Hazard. The Early Evolution of the Common Law Writs:A Sketch,6 American Journal of Legal History,1962. p.117.
① Geoffrey G. Hazard. The Early Evolution of the Common Law Writs:A Sketch,6 American Journal of Legal History,1962. p.117.
② Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.355.
③(比)R.C.范·卡内冈著：《英国普通法的诞生》,李红海译,中国政法大学出版社2003年版,第43页。
④ Geoffrey G Hazard. The Early Evolution of the Common Law Writs:A Sketch,6 American Journal of Legal History,1962. pp.117-118.
⑤ Geoffrey G Hazard. The Early Evolution of the Common Law Writs:A Sketch,6 American Journal of Legal History,1962. p.118.
①参见(比)R.C.范·卡内冈著：《英国普通法的诞生》,李红海译,中国政法大学出版社2003年版,第45页。
②参见(比)R.C.范·卡内冈著：《英国普通法的诞生》,李红海译,中国政法大学出版社2003年版,第45页。
③(比)R.C.范·卡内冈著：《英国普通法的诞生》,李红海译,中国政法大学出版社2003年版,第50页。
④参见(比)R.C.范·卡内冈著：《英国普通法的诞生》,李红海译,中国政法大学出版社2003年版,第50-51页。
⑤ Geoffrey G. Hazard. The Early Evolution of the Common Law Writs:A Sketch,6 American Journal of Legal History,1962. p.118.
① Geoffrey G. Hazard. The Early Evolution of the Common Law Writs:A Sketch,6 American Journal of Legal History,1962. p.118.
③参见Frederick G. Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.49.
①(法)孟德斯鸠著：《论法的精神》(下册),孙立坚等译,陕西人民出版社2001年版,第631页。
②徐昕：《司法决斗考》,载《法制与社会发展》2007年第1期,第20页。
③参见Frederick G Kempin, Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law. West Group,1990. p.51.
② Geoffrey G. Hazard. The Early Evolution of the Common Law Writs:A Sketch,6 American Journal of Legal History,1962. p.119.
③ Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.357.
④ Geoffrey G. Hazard. The Early Evolution of the Common Law Writs:A Sketch,6 American Journal of Legal History,1962. p.120.
⑤ Geoffrey G Hazard. The Early Evolution of the Common Law Writs:A Sketch,6 American Journal of Legal History,1962. p.120.
① Geoffrey G. Hazard. The Early Evolution of the Common Law Writs:A Sketch,6 American Journal of Legal History,1962. p.120.
② Geoffrey G Hazard. The Early Evolution of the Common Law Writs:A Sketch,6 American Journal of Legal History,1962. p.120.(美)伯尔曼著：《法律与革命》,贺卫方、高鸿钧、张志铭、夏勇译,中国大百科全书出版社1993年版,第540页。Geoffrey G Hazard. The Early Evolution of the Common Law Writs:A Sketch,6 American Journal of Legal History,1962. p.120.
① Geoffrey G Hazard. The Early Evolution of the Common Law Writs:A Sketch,6 American Journal of Legal History,1962. p.120.
② Geoffrey G Hazard. The Early Evolution of the Common Law Writs:A Sketch,6 American Journal of Legal History,1962. p.119.
③ Geoffrey G Hazard. The Early Evolution of the Common Law Writs:A Sketch,6 American Journal of Legal History,1962. p.119.
④ Geoffrey G Hazard. The Early Evolution of the Common Law Writs:A Sketch,6 American Journal of Legal History,1962. p.119.
① Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,4rd ed. London:Butterworths,2002. p.54.
② Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.64.
③ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.64.
④ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.65.
① Geoffrey G Hazard. The Early Evolution of the Common Law Writs:A Sketch,6 American Journal of Legal History,1962. p.121.
② Joseph Biancalana, For Want of Justice:Legal Reforms of Henry Ⅱ,88 Columbia Law Review,1988. p. 433.
③参见(英)约翰·哈德森著：《英国普通法的形成——从诺曼征服到大宪章时期英格兰的法律与社会》,刘四新译,商务印书馆2006年版,第137页。
⑤ F. Pollock & F. Maitland, The History of English Law Before the Time of Edward Ⅰ(2d ed.),1923. p.136.
① Sir Frederick Pollock & Frederick William Maitland, The History of English Law Before the Time of Edward Ⅰ. London:Cambridge University Press, Volume Ⅱ,1923. p.57.
② Joseph Biancalana, For Want of Justice:Legal Reforms of Henry Ⅱ,88 Columbia Law Review,1988. p. 435.
③参见Sir Frederick Pollock & Frederick William Maitland, The History of English Law Before the Time of Edward I (2d ed.). Cambridge University Press,1923. p.136.
①(英)约翰·哈德森著：《英国普通法的形成——从诺曼征服到大宪章时期英格兰的法律与社会》,刘四新译,商务印书馆2006年版,第140页。
③参见(美)哈罗德·J·伯尔曼著：《法律与革命——西方法律传统的形成》,贺卫方、高鸿钧、张志铭、夏勇译,中国大百科全书出版社1993年版,第312页。
④何勤华主编：《英国法律发达史》,法律出版社1999年版,第14-15页。
⑤ Sir Frederick Pollock & Frederick William Maitland, The History of English Law Before the Time of Edward I (2d ed.). Cambridge University Press,1923. p.137.
① Sir Frederick Pollock & Frederick William Maitland, The History of English Law Before the Time of Edward I (2d ed.). Cambridge University Press,1923. p.137.
②(英)约翰·哈德森著：《英国普通法的形成——从诺曼征服到大宪章时期英格兰的法律与社会》,刘四新译,商务印书馆2006年版,第141页。
③(美)哈罗德·J·伯尔曼著：《法律与革命——西方法律传统的形成》,贺卫方、高鸿钧、张志铭、夏勇译,中国大百科全书出版社1993年版,第312页。
④参见(美)哈罗德·J·伯尔曼著：《法律与革命——西方法律传统的形成》,贺卫方、高鸿钧、张志铭、夏勇译,中国大百科全书出版社1993年版,第314页。
②陈绪纲著：《法律职业与法治——以英格兰为例》,清华大学出版社2007年版,第91页。
③ Sir Frederick Pollock & Frederick William Maitland, The History of English Law Before the Time of Edward Ⅰ(2d ed.). Cambridge University Press,1923. p.137.
④ Sir Frederick Pollock & Frederick William Maitland, The History of English Law Before the Time of Edward Ⅰ (2d ed.). Cambridge University Press,1923. p.137.
⑥参见薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第702页。
① Sir Frederick Pollock & Frederick William Maitland, The History of English Law Before the Time of Edward I (2d ed.). Cambridge University Press,1923. p.138另参见孙彼德：《令状的司法化与早期英国王权的特殊性》,载《西南政法大学学报》2004年第6期,第70页。程汉大：《论11—12世纪英国封建集权君主制》,载《史学月刊》1997年第3期,第102页。
③ Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.360.
④参见薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第109页。
⑤何勤华主编：《英国法律发达史》,法律出版社1999年版,第14页。
② Sir Frederick Pollock & Frederick William Maitland, The History of English Law Before the Time of Edward I (2d ed.). Cambridge University Press,1923. p.138.
③ Sir Frederick Pollock & Frederick William Maitland, The History of English Law Before the Time of Edward Ⅰ(2d ed.). Cambridge University Press,1923. p.136.
④ Sir Frederick Pollock & Frederick William Maitland, The History of English Law Before the Time of Edward 1(2d ed.). Cambridge University Press,1923. p.138.
①程汉大：《12—13世纪英国法律制度的革命性变化》,载《世界历史》2000年第5期。
②程汉大：《12—13世纪英国法律制度的革命性变化》,载《世界历史》2000年第5期。
③程汉大：《12—13世纪英国法律制度的革命性变化》,载《世界历史》2000年第5期。
④程汉大、李培锋著：《英国司法制度史》,清华大学出版社2007年版,第129页。
② Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.63.
③参见R. C. Van. Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. London:1958. pp. 155-156.
①程汉大：《12—13世纪英国法律制度的革命性变化》,载《历史研究》2000年第5期。
②程汉大、李培锋著：《英国司法制度史》,清华大学出版社2007年版,第263页。
④程汉大、李培锋著：《英国司法制度史》,清华大学出版社2007年版,第264页。
①参见薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第1357-1358页。
②程汉大、李培锋著：《英国司法制度史》,清华大学出版社2007年版,第264页。
④ Edward Jenks. Law and Politics in the Middle Ages. London:John Murray, Albemarle Street,1919. p.127.
① Edward Jenks. Law and Politics in the Middle Ages. London:John Murray, Albemarle Street,1919. p.128.
③ Edward Jenks. Law and Politics in the Middle Ages. London:John Murray, Albemarle Street,1919. p.128.
④ Joseph Biancalana, For Want of Justice:Legal Reforms of Henry Ⅱ,88 Columbia Law Review,1988. p. 434.
⑤ F. Pollock & F. Maitland, The History of English Law Before the Time of Edward I (2d ed.) 1923. p.136.
① Joseph Biancalana, For Want of Justice:Legal Reforms of Henry Ⅱ,88 Columbia Law Review,1988. p. 436.
② Joseph Biancalana, For Want of Justice:Legal Reforms of Henry Ⅱ,88 Columbia Law Review,1988. p. 436.
① Joseph Biancalana, For Want of Justice:Legal Reforms of Henry Ⅱ,88 Columbia Law Review,1988. p. 438.
② Joseph Biancalana, For Want of Justice:Legal Reforms of Henry Ⅱ,88 Columbia Law Review,1988. p. 435.
③ Joseph Biancalana, For Want of Justice:Legal Reforms of Henry Ⅱ,88 Columbia Law Review,1988. p. 435.
①参见F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.295.
② Sir Frederick Pollock & Frederick William Maitland, The History of English Law Before the Time of EdwardⅡ, c. IX,. London:Cambridge University Press,1895. p.559.
③ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.67.
④ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.67.
⑤ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.67.
①参见Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅰ,22 Brook. L. Rev. 1955-1956. p.181.
② Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅰ,22 Brook. L. Rev. 1955-1956. p.182.
① Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅰ,22 Brook. L. Rev. 1955-1956. p.182.
② Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅰ,22 Brook. L. Rev. 1955-1956. p.183.
① F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.296.
③ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,4rd ed. London:Butterworths,2002. p.53.
④ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,4rd ed. London:Butterworths,2002. p.53.
② Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅰ,22 Brook. L. Rev. 1955-1956. p.186.
③ Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅰ,22 Brook. L. Rev. 1955-1956. p.187.
④ Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅰ,22 Brook. L. Rev. 1955-1956. pp.192-193.
① Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅰ,22 Brook. L. Rev. 1955-1956. p.193.
② Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅰ,22 Brook. L. Rev. 1955-1956. p.190.
④ Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.355.
① Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.354.
② Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.63.
③ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.64.
④ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.64.
⑤ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.64.
⑥ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.64.
① Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.65.
② Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. pp.65-66.
③ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.66.
④ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.66.
① Thomas Atkins Street, Foundations of Legal Liability, c. II, Northport,1906. p.37.转引自 Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅰ,22 Brook. L. Rev.1955-1956. p.180.
② Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅰ,22 Brook. L. Rev. 1955-1956.pp.184-185.
③ Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅰ,22 Brook. L. Rev. 1955-1956.p.185.
① Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅰ,22 Brook. L. Rev. 1955-1956. p.185.
③ Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅰ,22 Brook. L. Rev. 1955-1956. p.185.
④ Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅰ,22 Brook. L. Rev. 1955-1956. p.188.
① Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅰ,22 Brook. L. Rev. 1955-1956. pp.188-189.
② Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅰ,22 Brook. L. Rev. 1955-1956. p.184.
① F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.332.
② F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.315.
③ F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.316.
④ F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. pp.316-317.
⑤ Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.357.
⑥ F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.315.
⑦(德)K·茨威格特、H·克茨著：《比较法总论》,潘汉典、米健、高鸿钧、贺卫方译,法律出版社2003年版,第276页。
① Sir Frederick Pollock & Frederick William Maitland, The History of English Law Before the Time of Edward Ⅱ, c. Ⅸ,. London:Cambridge University Press,1895. p.559.
② F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.335.
③ Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅰ,22 Brook. L. Rev. 1955-1956. p.205.
④参见阎照祥著：《英国史》,人民出版社2003年版,第86-89页。
① F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.338.
③ F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.336.
④参见阎照祥著：《英国史》,人民出版社2003年版,第90-91页。
② Edward Jenks. Law and Politics in the Middle Ages. London:John Murray, Albemarle Street,1919. p.143.
③ Edward Jenks. Law and Politics in the Middle Ages. London:John Murray, Albemarle Street,1919. p.144.
① Edward Jenks. Law and Politics in the Middle Ages. London:John Murray, Albemarle Street,1919. p.145.
② Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅰ,22 Brook. L. Rev. 1955-1956. p.205.
③ Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅰ,22 Brook. L. Rev. 1955-1956. pp.205-206另参见F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. pp.300-301.
④郑云瑞：《英国普通法的令状制度》,载《中外法学》1992年第6期。
⑤参见郑云瑞：《英国普通法的令状制度》,载《中外法学》1992年第6期。
② Roscoe Pound, Readings on the History and System of the Common Law (2d ed.),1913. p.350.
③ Roscoe Pound, Readings on the History and System of the Common Law (2d ed.),1913. p.350.
④ Roscoe Pound, Readings on the History and System of the Common Law (2d ed.),1913. pp.350-351.
① F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.301.
②参见薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第573页。
① Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅱ,23 Brook. L. Rev. 1956-1957. p.39.
② Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅱ,23 Brook L. Rev. 1956-1957. p.40.
③ Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅱ,23 Brook. L. Rev. 1956-1957. p.40.
④ Bigelow, History of English Procedure, c. IV, Boston 1880. p.151.转引自 Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅱ,23 Brook. L. Rev.1956-1957. p.40.
① Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅱ,23 Brook. L. Rev. 1956-1957. p.40.
② Bigelow, History of English Procedure, c. IV, Boston 1880. pp.173-174 转引自 Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅱ,23 Brook. L. Rev.1956-1957. p.40.
③ Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅱ,23 Brook. L. Rev. 1956-1957. p.40.
⑤ Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅱ,23 Brook. L. Rev. 1956-1957. p.41.
① Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅱ,23 Brook. L. Rev. 1956-1957. p.42.
② Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅱ,23 Brook. L. Rev. 1956-1957. p.48.
③ Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅱ,23 Brook. L. Rev. 1956-1957. p.48.
② Schulz, Writ "Praecipe Quod Reddat" and Its Continental Models,54 Jurid. Rev.,1942. p.1.转引自Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅱ,23 Brook. L. Rev.1956-1957. p.50.
③ Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅱ,23 Brook. L. Rev. 1956-1957. p.50.
① F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.321.
②参见Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅱ,23 Brook. L. Rev. 1956-1957. p.57.
③参见Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p. 357.
④ Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.357.
① Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅱ,23 Brook. L. Rev. 1956-1957. p.57.
② Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅱ,23 Brook. L. Rev. 1956-1957. p.57.
① Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.360.
② Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅱ,23 Brook. L. Rev. 1956-1957. p.59.
③薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第423页。
④ Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.357.
① Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.357.
② Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.358.
③ Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.358.
④参见薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第110页。另见Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅱ,23 Brook. L. Rev.1956-1957. p.58.
⑥ Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅱ,23 Brook. L. Rev. 1956-1957. p.58.
① Theodore F. Plucknett,A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.361.
② Theodore F. Plucknett,A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.360.
③参见薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第110页。
④ Theodore F. Plucknett,A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.360.
⑤ Theodore F. Plucknett,A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.360.
④参见薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第108页。
② Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅱ,23 Brook. L. Rev. 1956-1957. p.58.
③ Bigelow, History of English Procedure, c. IV, Boston,1880. p.165.转引自Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅰ,22 Brook. L. Rev.1955-1956. p.200.
④ Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.361.
⑤ Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.361.
① Black's Law Dictionary (7th ed.) (Z). St Paul:West Publishing Co.,1999. p.1192.
② Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.361.
③ F. W. Maitland, Equity and Forms of Action, p.338 & p.340.
④姜栋：英国普通法“程序先于权利原则”的思考,载《河北法学》2007年第4期。
⑤ Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.362.
⑥ Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.362.
① Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.362.
① Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅲ,23 Brook. L. Rev. 1956-1957. p.225.
① Alison Reppy, The Development of the Common-Law Forms of Action, Part Ⅲ,23 Brook. L. Rev. 1956-1957. p.226.
③ Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.362.
① Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.363.
② Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.363.
③ F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.357.
④ Kevin M. Teeven, Problems of Proof and Early English Contract Law,15 The Cambrian Law Review,1984. p.57.
②参见潘维大、刘文琦著：《英美法导读》,法律出版社2000年版,第18页。
③ Kevin M. Teeven, Problems of Proof and Early English Contract Law,15 The Cambrian Law Review,1984. p.57.
⑤ Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.364.
① Val D. Dicks, Contract Law and Christian Conscience,2003 Brigham Young University Law Review,2003. p.1014.
② F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.342.
③ Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.364.
④潘维大、刘文琦著：《英美法导读》,法律出版社2000年版,第17页。
⑤ Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.364.
⑥ F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.355.
①参见潘维大、刘文琦著：《英美法导读》,法律出版社2000年版,第17-18页。
② Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.364.
④ F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.358.
⑤ Val D. Dicks, Contract Law and Christian Conscience,2003 Brigham Young University Law Review,2003. p.1003.
⑥ F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.341.
⑦ F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.358.
① Kevin M. Teeven, Problems of Proof and Early English Contract Law,15 The Cambrian Law Review,1984. p.56.
③ Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.365.
④ Kevin M. Teeven, Problems of Proof and Early English Contract Law,15 The Cambrian Law Review,1984. p.56.
⑤ Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.368.
② Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.368.
③潘维大、刘文琦著：《英美法导读》,法律出版社2000年版,第17页。
④参见陈融、刘庆飞：《论早期普通法的契约诉讼形式及其演进》,载《华东师范大学学报》(哲学社会科学版)2007年第5期。
⑤参见刘承韪：《英美合同法对价理论的形成与流变》,载《北大法律评论》2007年第8卷第1辑,北京大学出版社,第107页。
⑥参见潘维大、刘文琦著：《英美法导读》,法律出版社2000年版,第21页。
① Kevin M. Teeven, Medieval Contract Actions,87 Commercial Law Journal,1982. p.470.
②高春常：《英国历史传统与北美奴隶制的起源》,载《历史研究》2001年第2期。
④ Michael Bridge, The Overlap of Tort and Contract,27 Revue de Droit de McGill,1982. pp.873-874.
①高春常：《英国历史传统与北美奴隶制的起源》,载《历史研究》2001年第2期。
②参见潘维大、刘文琦著：《英美法导读》,法律出版社2000年版,第22页。
③参见潘维大、刘文琦著：《英美法导读》,法律出版社2000年版,第22页。
④ Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.366.
① Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.366.
② F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. pp.359.
③ F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.359.
④ F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.359.
① Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. pp. 366-367.
② F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.360.
① Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.74.
② F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.361.
③ F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.362.
④ F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.362.
⑤ Baker, J.H. An Introduction to English Legal History,3rd ed. London:Butterworths,1990. p.75.
① Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, CITIC Publishing House,2003. p.373.
②潘维大、刘文琦著：《英美法导读》,法律出版社2000年版,第23页。
③ F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.365.
① F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.365.
② F. W. Maitland, Equity Also the Forms of Action at Common Law:Two Courses of Lectures, Cambridge University Press,1929. p.366.
① Leonard v. B. Sutton, Habeas Corpus:Its Past, Present and Possible World-wide Future,44 Denver Law Journal,1967. p.549.
②参见梁龙、李浩培合著：《英国的司法与司法制度》,商务印书馆1946年重庆初版,第64页。
④(英)布莱克斯通：《评论集》第1卷第136页。转引自(美)汉密尔顿、杰伊、麦迪逊著：《联邦党人文集》,程逢如、在汉、舒逊译,商务印书馆2006年版,第428页。
②邓智慧：《人身保护令研究》,中国政法大学博士论文2006年,第11页。
⑤(英)戴雪著：《英宪精义》,雷宾南译,中国法制出版社2001年版,第254页注。
①(英)布莱克斯通：《评论集》第4卷第438页。转引自(美)汉密尔顿、杰伊、麦迪逊著：《联邦党人文集》,程逢如、在汉、舒逊译,商务印书馆2006年版,第428页。
② James Robertson, Quo Vadis, Habeas Corpus?,55 Buff. L. Rev.,2008. p.1066.
③ Leonard v. B. Sutton, Habeas Corpus:Its Past, Present and Possible World-wide Future,44 Denver Law Journal,1967. p.549.
④ Chester James Antieau, The Practice of Extraordinary Remedies:Habeas Corpus and the Other Common Law Writs. Volume Ⅰ, New York:Oceana Publications, Inc.1987. p.1.
⑤参见秋风著：《立宪的技艺》,北京大学出版社2005年版,第157页。另见Leonard v. B. Sutton, Habeas Corpus:Its Past, Present and Possible World-wide Future,44 Denver Law Journal,1967. p.549.
①王敏远著：《刑事司法理论与实践检讨》,中国政法大学出版社1999年版,第307页。
② Leonard v. B. Sutton, Habeas Corpus:Its Past, Present and Possible World-wide Future,44 Denver Law Journal,1967. p.549.
③参见薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第399页。
③ Theodore F. Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law (Fifth Edition). CITIC Publishing House, 2003. p.57.
④ Leonard v. B. Sutton, Habeas Corpus:Its Past, Present and Possible World-wide Future,44 Denver Law Journal,1967. p.550.
① R. J. Sharpe, The Law of Habeas Corpus (Second Edition). Oxford:Clarendon Press.1989. pp.2-3.
② Eric M. Freedman, Habeas Corpus:Rethinking the Great Writ of Liberty., New York:New York University Press.2001. p.1.
③ R. J. Sharpe, The Law of Habeas Corpus (Second Edition). Oxford:Clarendon Press.1989. p.4.
④薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第620页。
⑤ Neil Douglas McFeeley, The Historical Development Habeas Corpus,30 Southwestern Law Journal,1976. p.586.
① Kempin Frederic G., Historical Introduction to Anglo-American Law (3rd ed.). Law Press.2001. pp. 38-39.
② R. J. Sharpe, The Law of Habeas Corpus (Second Edition). Oxford:Clarendon Press.1989. p.6.
① R. J. Sharpe, The Law of Habeas Corpus (Second Edition). Oxford:Clarendon Press.1989. p.8.
② R. J. Sharpe, The Law of Habeas Corpus (Second Edition). Oxford:Clarendon Press.1989. p.8.
① R. J. Sharpe, The Law of Habeas Corpus (Second Edition). Oxford:Clarendon Press.1989. p.9.
② R. J. Sharpe, The Law of Habeas Corpus (Second Edition). Oxford:Clarendon Press.1989. p.10.
②参见何勤华主编：《英国法律发达史》,法律出版社1999年版,第78页。又见何勤华、李秀清主编：《外国法制史》,复旦大学出版社2002年版,第187页,
③ R. J. Sharpe, The Law of Habeas Corpus (Second Edition). Oxford:Clarendon Press.1989. p.15.
① R. J. Sharpe, The Law of Habeas Corpus (Second Edition). Oxford:Clarendon Press.1989. p.16.
② R. J. Sharpe, The Law of Habeas Corpus (Second Edition). Oxford:Clarendon Press.1989. p.18.
③何勤华主编：《英国法律发达史》,法律出版社1999年版,第84页。
① R. J. Sharpe, The Law of Habeas Corpus (Second Edition). Oxford:Clarendon Press.1989. pp.189-190.
② Harvard Law Review Association, Book Note, A Constitutional History of Habeas Corpus. By William F. Duker.95 Harv. L. Rev. p.1186.
③ Zechariah Chafee, Jr., The Most Important Human Right in the Constitution,32 Boston University Law Review,1952 (2). pp.143-161.
⑤ Cary Federman, The Body and the State:Habeas Corpus and American Jurisprudence, State University of New York Press,2006. p. ix.
①参见邓智慧：《人身保护令与人权保障——以刑事诉讼为主视角》,载《中国法学》2004年第4期。
② Neil Douglas McFeeley, The Historical Development Habeas Corpus,30 Southwestern Law Journal,1976. p.589.
③ "the highest remedy in the law for any man that is imprisoned" as well as the "only remedy for him that is imprisoned by the special command of the king... without shewing cuase of commitment". See Neil Douglas McFeeley, The Historical Development Habeas Corpus,30 Southwestern Law Journal,1976. p.589.
④(法)勒内·达维德著： 《当代主要法律体系》,漆竹生译,上海译文出版社1984年版,第372页。
③ Zechariah Chafee, Jr., The Most Important Human Right in the Constitution,32 Boston University Law Review,1952 (2). p.146.
①刘艺工、王继忠主编：《外国法律史》,中国人民大学出版社2008年版,第178页。
① George Van Cleve, Somerset's Case and Its Antecedents in Imperial Perspective,24 Law & History Review, 2006. pp.601-602.
② James Robertson, Quo Vadis, Habeas Corpus?,55 Buff. L. Rev.,2008. p.1072又见William M. Wiecek, Somerset:Lord Mansfield and the Legitimacy of Slavery in the Anglo-American World,42 The University of Chicago Law Review,1974. p.86.
④ Stephen I. Vladeck, The Suspension Clause as a Structural Right,62 University of Miami Law Review, 2008. p.283.
① (美)麦迪逊著：《辩论：美国制宪会议记录》,尹宣译,辽宁教育出版社2003年版,第627页。
② (美)麦迪逊著：《辩论：美国制宪会议记录》,尹宣译,辽宁教育出版社2003年版,第627页。
③ (美)麦迪逊著：《辩论：美国制宪会议记录》,尹宣译,辽宁教育出版社2003年版,第722页。
④ (美)麦迪逊著：《辩论：美国制宪会议记录》,尹宣译,辽宁教育出版社2003年版,第733页。
①参见(美)汉密尔顿、杰伊、麦迪逊著：《联邦党人文集》,程逢如、在汉、舒逊译,商务印书馆2006年版,第427页。
②参见(美)汉密尔顿、杰伊、麦迪逊著：《联邦党人文集》,程逢如、在汉、舒逊译,商务印书馆2006年版,第429-430页。
④参见(美)汉密尔顿、杰伊、麦迪逊著：《联邦党人文集》,程逢如、在汉、舒逊译,商务印书馆2006年版,第427-428页。
③ James Robertson, Quo Vadis, Habeas Corpus?,55 Buff. L. Rev.,2008. p.1073.
④陈瑞华著：《刑事诉讼的前沿问题》,中国人民大学出版社2000年版,第293-294页。
① Cary Federman, The Body and the State:Habeas Corpus and American Jurisprudence, State University of New York Press,2006. p. ix.
③ Cary Federman, The Body and the State:Habeas Corpus and American Jurisprudence, State University of New York Press,2006. p. ix.
④ Cary Federman, The Body and the State:Habeas Corpus and American Jurisprudence, State University of New York Press,2006. pp. ix-x.
① Cary Federman, The Body and the State:Habeas Corpus and American Jurisprudence, State University of New York Press,2006. p. x.
② Cary Federman, The Body and the State:Habeas Corpus and American Jurisprudence, State University of New York Press,2006. p. x.
③ Fay v. Noia,372 U.S.391,401-02,83 S.Ct.822,9 L.Ed.2d 837 (1963).转引自邓智慧：《人身保护令与人权保障——以刑事诉讼为主视角》,载《中国法学》2004年第4期。
① Cary Federman, The Body and the State:Habeas Corpus and American Jurisprudence, State University of New York Press,2006. p. x.
② Steven Semeraro, Two Theories of Habeas Corpus,71 Brooklyn Law Review 2006. p.1276.
① Sharpe, R. J. The Law of Habeas Corpus (Second Edition). Oxford:Clarendon Press.1989. p.93.
② Sharpe, R. J. The Law of Habeas Corpus (Second Edition). Oxford:Clarendon Press.1989. p.94.
③ Sharpe, R. J. The Law of Habeas Corpus (Second Edition). Oxford:Clarendon Press.1989. p.95.
② Emergency Powers (Defence) Act1939, s.1(2) (a).
③ Sharpe, R. J. The Law of Habeas Corpus (Second Edition). Oxford:Clarendon Press.1989. p.97.
② Antieau, Chester James. The Practice of Extraordinary Remedies:Habeas Corpus and the Other Common Law Writs, Volume Ⅰ.New York:Oceana Publications, Inc.1987. p.13.
④ Clark, David & McCoy, Gerard. The Most Fundamental Leagl Right:Hebeas Corpus in the Commonwealth. Oxford:Clarendon Press.2000. p.77.
② James Robertson, Quo Vadis, Habeas Corpus?,55 Buff. L. Rev.,2008. p.1073.
③ James Robertson, Quo Vadis, Habeas Corpus?,55 Buff. L. Rev.,2008. pp.1073-1074.
① Stephen I. Vladeck, The Suspension Clause as a Structural Right,62 University of Miami Law Review, 2008. p.287.
① Clark, David & McCoy, Gerard. The Most Fundamental Leagl Right:Hebeas Corpus in the Commonwealth. Oxford:Clarendon Press.2000. p.77.
② Letter from Abraham Lincoln, President, United States, to Winfield Scott, Commanding General, (Apr.27, 1861), reprinted in Abraham Lincoln:Speeches and Writings 1859-1865, at 237 (1989)转引自James Robertson, Quo Vadis, Habeas Corpus?,55 Buff. L. Rev.,2008. p.1075.
① Clark, David & McCoy, Gerard. The Most Fundamental Leagl Right:Hebeas Corpus in the Commonwealth. Oxford:Clarendon Press.2000. p.77.
④ Joseph Dale Robertson. Habeas Corpus-The Most extraordinary Writ, at http://law.about.com/newsissues/law/library/forum/uc-habeas_corpus.htm.
① 丁林.醒来方知是险境.http://opus.51.net/wenxuan.htm。
② Azra B.Zaidi,The Military Commissions Act and Its Impact on Our Justice System,25 Buffalo Public Interest Law Journal,2006-2007.pp.1-2.
③(美)黄锦就、梅建明著：《美国爱国者法案：立法、实施和影响》,蒋文军译,法律出版社2008年版,第44页。
① Taeho Lim, Case Note:Supreme Court of the United States Rasul v. Bush,124 S. Ct.2686(2004),11 Wash. & Lee Race & Ethnic Anc. L.J.2005. p.241.
② Taeho Lim, Case Note:Supreme Court of the United States Rasul v. Bush,124 S. Ct.2686(2004),11 Wash. & Lee Race & Ethnic Anc. L.J.2005. p.241.
③胡铭：《价值抉择：反恐措施与刑事诉讼——以美国法为范例的检讨与反思》,载《政法论坛》2006年第6期。
⑤ Hamdan v. Rumsfeld,548 U.S.557 (2006).
①参见Jason W. Hobbes, To Boldly Go Where No Signatory Has Gone Before:How the Military Commissions Act of 2006 Has Rewritten the United States'Obligations under the Geneva Conventions,26 Penn St. Int'l L. Rev.,2007-2008. p.489.
②赵秉志、赵书鸿：《国家安全的强势保护与人权保障的极度旁落——<2006年美国军事审判委员会法令>解读与评释》,载《法学》2007年第2期。
④ Stephen I. Vladeck, The Suspension Clause as a Structural Right,62 University of Miami Law Review, 2008. p.275.
① Stephen I. Vladeck, The Suspension Clause as a Structural Right,62 University of Miami Law Review, 2008. p.276.
② Boumediene v. Bush,128 S.Ct.2229 (2008).
③ James Robertson, Quo Vadis, Habeas Corpus?,55 Buff. L. Rev.,2008. p.1083.
② Chester James Antieau, The Practice of Extraordinary Remedies:Habeas Corpus and the Other Common Law Writs, Volume Ⅰ, New York:Oceana Publications,. Inc.1987. p.79.
③ Chester James Antieau, The Practice of Extraordinary Remedies:Habeas Corpus and the Other Common Law Writs, Volume Ⅰ. New York:Oceana Publications,. Inc.,1987. p.93.
① Chester James Antieau, The Practice of Extraordinary Remedies:Habeas Corpus and the Other Common Law Writs, Volume Ⅰ. New York:Oceana Publications,. Inc.,1987. p.96.
②李宗锷、潘慧仪主编：《英汉法律大词典》,法律出版社1999年版,第295页。
③ Chester James Antieau, The Practice of Extraordinary Remedies:Habeas Corpus and the Other Common Law Writs, Volume Ⅰ., New York:Oceana Publications, Inc.1987. p.120.
④薛波主编：《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版。第520页。
① Miranda v.Arizona,384 U.S.436(1966);Escobedo v.Illinois,378 U.S.478(1964).
① Gideon v. Wainwright,372 U.S.335(1963).
② White v. Maryland, 373 U.S.59(1963)；Hamilton v.Alabama,368 U.S.52(1961).
③ Jackson v. Denno,378 U.S.368(1964)；Fay v. Noia,372 U.S.391(1963).
④ Mapp v. Ohio,367 U.S.643(1961).
①孙长永著：《探索正当程序——比较刑事诉讼法专论》,中国法制出版社2005年版,第764页。
② Chester James Antieau, The Practice of Extraordinary Remedies:Habeas Corpus and the Other Common Law Writs, Volume I, New York:Oceana Publications, Inc.1987. p.245.
① Chester James Antieau, The Practice of Extraordinary Remedies:Habeas Corpus and the Other Common Law Writs, Volume I, New York:Oceana Publications, Inc.1987. p.35.
① Chester James Antieau, The Practice of Extraordinary Remedies:Habeas Corpus and the Other Common Law Writs, Volume Ⅰ. New York:Oceana Publications, Inc.1987. p.42.
② R. J. Sharpe, The Law of Habeas Corpus (Second Edition). Oxford:Clarendon Press.1989. p.207.
① Frank Schmalleger, Criminal Justice Today (Fifth Edition). New Jersey. Prentice-Hall, Inc.,1999. p.418.
② James Robertson, Quo Vadis, Habeas Corpus?,55 Buff. L. Rev.,2008. p.1083.
③孙长永著：《探索正当程序——比较刑事诉讼法专论》,中国法制出版社2005年版,第763页。
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31.莫纪宏：《论宪法原则》,载《中国法学》2001年第4期。
32.彭海青：《令状主义及其适用程序初探——兼谈我国刑事司法命令程序的重构》,载《新疆社会科学》2007年第3期。
33.屈文生：《论非常令状》,载何勤华、王立民主编《法律史研究》(第二卷),中国方正出版社2005年版。
34.屈文生：《人身保护令问题研究》,兰州大学硕士学位论文,2004年。
35.屈文生：《试论人身保护令制度》,载何勤华主编《法律文化史研究》(第二卷),商务印书馆2005年版。
36.施飞：《确立我国刑事诉讼审前令状制度研究》,载《长春理工大学学报(高 教版)》2007年第4期。
37.宋世杰、陈志敏：《论令状主义》,载《诉讼法论丛》(第10卷),陈光中、江伟主编,法律出版社2005年版。
38.孙彼德：《令状的司法化与早期英国王权的特殊性》,载《西南政法大学学报》2004年第6期。
39.孙长永、高峰：《刑事侦查中的司法令状制度探析》,载《广东社会科学》2006年第2期。
40.孙德鹏：《令状的司法化与普通法的形成——早期英国法治理方式的历史考察》,西南政法大学硕士学位论文,2004年。
41.孙德鹏：《源于“书写”的权利与技术——令状的司法化与普通法的形成》,载《现代法学》2008年第3期。
42.孙晓晖：《令状主义研究》,广西民族大学硕士学位论文,2007年。
43.孙笑侠、应永宏：《程序与法律形式化：兼论现代法律程序的特征与要素》,载《现代法学》2002年第1期。
44.仝宗锦：《布莱克斯通法律思想的内在逻辑》,载郑永流主编：《法哲学与法社会学论丛》(第九期),北京大学出版社2006年版。
45.吴宗慈：《中华民国宪法史前编·论坛异同集粹》,(台湾)文海出版社1998年版。
46.夏恿(勇)：《法治是什么——渊源、规诫与价值》,载《中国社会科学》1999年第4期。
47.项焱、张烁：《英国法治的基石——令状制度》,载《法学评论》2004年第1期。
48.萧瀚：《读<普通法的历史基础>》,载《比较法研究》2000年第4期,第446页。
49.小夏：《关塔那摩监狱陷入法律困境》,载《南风窗》2006年第7(下)期。
50.徐昕：《司法决斗考》,载《法制与社会发展》2007年第1期,第20页。
51.徐轶民、陈立彤：《爱德华一世的法律观及其实践》,载《法学》1991年第12期。
52.薛竑、鲍传丽：《论确立审前程序人身保护令救济制度》,载《广东社会科学》
2006第4期。
53.薛竑：《人身保护令制度研究》,西南政法大学博士论文,2006年。
54.杨慧清、尹灵芝：《民初移植人身保护令制度述论》,载《许昌学院学报》2003年第6期。
55.杨令侠：《加拿大魁北克省分离运动的历史渊源》,载《历史研究》1997年第2期。
56.杨宜默：《章士钊与人身保护令制度》,载《法学杂志》2004年第5期。
57.叶秋华：《论英国法制传统的形成与英国法体系的确立》,载《法制现代化研究》(第6卷)。
58.尹宣：《是<联邦党人文集>,还是<联邦主义文集>?》,载《南方周末》2006年10月26日。
59.张敏：《令状与陪审：程序正义在中世纪英国的制度设计》,载《理论界》2005年第8期。
60.张友伦：《美国史研究百年回顾》,载《历史研究》1997年第3期。
61.章士钊：“临时约法与人民自由权”载《章士钊全集》第一卷,文汇出版社2000年版。
62.赵秉志、郑延谱合著的《中美两国死刑制度之立法原因比较》,载《现代法学》2008年第2期。
63.赵夙岚：《有关美国“权利法案”的几个问题》,载《南开学报》1997年第4期。
64.赵文洪：《中世纪欧洲的村庄自治》,载《世界历史》2007年第3期。
65.郑云瑞：《英国普通法的令状制度》,载《中外法学》1992年第6期。
66.左卫民、吴卫军：《完美化追寻中的艰难求索——评<关于刑事诉讼法实施中若干问题的规定>》,载《中国法学》1999年第1期。
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2.《英国法史札记》文件来源：files.freerain.webnode.com/200000002-9e94e9f8c3/英国法史札记.pdf
3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Coke
4. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon_Baker
http://www. selden-society.qmw.ac.uk/
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12.周自痕：《英国普通法上的令状制度及其意义》,载“法律史学术网”http://flwh.znufe.edu.cn/article_show.asp?id=1312
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2. Fay v. Noia,372 U. S.391 (1963).
3. Fay v. Noia,372 U.S.391,401-02,83 S.Ct.822,9 L.Ed.2d 837 (1963).
4. Gideon v. Wainwright,372 U. S.335 (1963).
5. Hamdan v. Rumsfeld,548 U.S.557 (2006).
6. Hamdi v. Rumsfeld,542 U.S.507 (2004).
7. Hamilton v. Alabama,368 U. S.52 (1961).
8. Jackson v. Denno,378 U. S.368 (1964);
9. Mapp v. Ohio,367 U. S.643 (1961).
10. Miranda v. Arizona,384 U. S.436 (1966).
11. Rasul v. Bush,542 U.S.466 (2004).
12. White v. Maryland,373 U. S.59 (1963).