苹果砧木平邑甜茶（M.hupehensis Rehd.）的木质素代谢及其调控
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摘要
本试验于2001年至2003年在山东农业大学果树试验园及激素试验室进行。以1-3年生平邑甜茶（M.hupehensis Rehd.）实生苗为试材，采用水培、土培和自然取样等方法，首先研究了平邑甜茶幼苗不同部位的木质素合成代谢基本规律，在此基础上研究了弱光对平邑甜茶幼苗叶片生长发育和木质素合成代谢的调控；最后，用羟自由基和壳聚糖两种诱抗剂来调控平邑甜茶幼苗生长发育和木质素合成代谢，探讨了其潜在的应用价值。另外，还对平邑甜茶叶片超微弱发光测量方法进行了探索。结果如下：
1．平邑甜茶幼苗的根茎叶、不同根类和不同叶位的木质素含量及其相关酶等生理指标存在差异。木质素含量高低依次为茎>根>叶。老根的木质素含量和POD都显著高于新根。不同根类的木质素含量高低依次为输导根>过渡根>生长根>吸收根。叶位越低，木质素含量和POD活性越高，PAL和4Cl活性与木质素含量并不一致。
2．遮荫可以大大降低平邑甜茶叶片的比叶重、木质素含量及其相关酶POD、PAL的活性，表明遮荫对木质素合成代谢有调控作用。此外，遮荫还可以降低平邑甜茶叶片的超微弱发光和CAT活性，证明遮荫使其叶片的抗性减弱，这与木质素合成代谢水平降低有关。
3．适当浓度的羟自由基能够改善平邑甜茶幼苗的根系发育，激发植株超微弱发光，提高木质素代谢水平，有望作为诱抗剂应用于生产。根施羟自由基使根重增加，冠重减少，根冠比增大。根施羟自由基均提高了平邑甜茶幼苗根系的活跃吸收面积百分比、TTC根系活力和CAT活性。羟自由基浸根的植株超微弱发光反应速度快于浸水植株，且最后稳定在较高的水平。随着羟自由基浓度的提高，PAL、POD活性和木质素含量提高。
4．壳聚糖不仅可以促进平邑甜茶幼苗子叶的增重，改善根系发育，还可以提高木质素的合成代谢水平，能够作为诱抗剂应用于生产。在
0.05%～0.35%浓度范围内，随着壳聚糖浓度升高，子叶重量增加。适宜浓度（0.2%）能够提高新根质量，促进植株生长。根施壳聚糖不同程度的提高了细根的根尖数、面积、长度、平均直径和根系活力，改善了植株发育。根施壳聚糖均提高了平邑甜茶幼苗根系的POD、PAL活性和木质素含量，促进了根系木质素的合成。
5．平邑甜茶幼苗叶片超微弱发光与摆放方式、圆片直径和圆片数关系密切。平铺的超微弱发光显著高于堆叠的；圆片直径越大，圆片数越多，超微弱发光越强。
The experiments were conducted from 2001 to 2003 in the orchard and hormone laboratory, College of Horticulture, Shandong Agricultural University. The 1-3 years old trees of M.hupehensis Rehd were used as materials. The method of the experiment were water culture, soil culture and normal sampling etc. Firstly, the elementary law of lignin synthesis metabolism in different part of the seedlings of M.hupehensis Rehd was studied. On the base of it, then the regulation of weak light on the growth development and lignin synthesis metabolism of leaves of M.hupehensis Rehd seedlings was researched. Finally, using two elicitor, hydroxy radical and chitosan, to regulate the growth development and lignin synthesis metabolism of the seedlings, whose potential apply value was discussed. In addition, the Ultraweak luminescence(UL) assay method of the leaves of M.hupehensis Rehd was studied. The results obtained are summarized as follows.
1. The lignin content and the relative enzymes activity are different among roots, stem and leaves of M.hupehensis Rehd seedlings, the same as among different type of roots and different position leaf of the seedlings. The concrete results is following. The sequence of lignin content is stem>root>leaf and conducting root>transitional root>growing root>absorbing root. The lignin content and POD activity in old roots is obviously higher than those in new roots. The lower the leaf position of the same shoot is, the higher the lignin content and the POD activity are. The lignin content is not according with activity of PAL and 4Cl in leaves of different position.
2. Shade can greatly decrease SLW, lignin content and the relative enzymes activity, such as POD and PAL in leaves of M.hupehensis Rehd seedlings,
which indicates that shade has regulation function on the lignin synthesis metabolism. Moreover, shade decrease UL and the activity of CAT of the seedlings leaves, which proved that shade can weaken the resistance of leaves and this is relative to the low level of lignin synthesis metabolism.
3. The treatment of fit concentration of hydroxy radical on M.hupehensis Rehd roots can improve the root development, elicit the seedlings UL and increase the level of lignin synthesis metabolism, which make it possible to apply the agent as elicitor to agricultural production. The treatment of hydroxy radical on roots may increase root weight and decrease cap weight, so the root/cap ratio increase. The treatment of hydroxy radical increase the active absorbing area per., TTC root vigor and CAT activity. The response speed of UL in the seedlings whose roots were dipped in hydroxy radical solution is faster than that in water and the former kept a higher level finally. With the increase of the hydroxy radical concentration, the lignin content and the activity of POD and PAL also increased.
4. The treatment of chitosan on M.hupehensis Rehd seedlings not only increase cotyledon weight, promote root development, but also increase the level of lignin synthesis metabolism and chitosan can be applied to agricultural production as an elicitor. With the increase of chitosan concentration ranging from 0.05% to 0.35%, cotyledon weight increases, under the fit concentration (0.2%), the quality of new root and plant growth are improved. To some extent, the treatment of applying chitosan to roots all increase tip number, area, length, average diameter and the vigor of fine roots and improve plant development. Moreover, these treatment increase lignin content and the activity of POD and PAL in roots, promote the lignin synthesis in root.
5. The leaf UL intensity of M.hupehensis Rehd seedlings is closely related to putting ways, wafer diameter and wafer number. The UL intensity of tiled leaves is higher than that of piled leaves. The wider the wafer diameter is and the more the number of wafer is, the stronger the UL intensity is.
1．平邑甜茶幼苗的根茎叶、不同根类和不同叶位的木质素含量及其相关酶等生理指标存在差异。木质素含量高低依次为茎>根>叶。老根的木质素含量和POD都显著高于新根。不同根类的木质素含量高低依次为输导根>过渡根>生长根>吸收根。叶位越低，木质素含量和POD活性越高，PAL和4Cl活性与木质素含量并不一致。
2．遮荫可以大大降低平邑甜茶叶片的比叶重、木质素含量及其相关酶POD、PAL的活性，表明遮荫对木质素合成代谢有调控作用。此外，遮荫还可以降低平邑甜茶叶片的超微弱发光和CAT活性，证明遮荫使其叶片的抗性减弱，这与木质素合成代谢水平降低有关。
3．适当浓度的羟自由基能够改善平邑甜茶幼苗的根系发育，激发植株超微弱发光，提高木质素代谢水平，有望作为诱抗剂应用于生产。根施羟自由基使根重增加，冠重减少，根冠比增大。根施羟自由基均提高了平邑甜茶幼苗根系的活跃吸收面积百分比、TTC根系活力和CAT活性。羟自由基浸根的植株超微弱发光反应速度快于浸水植株，且最后稳定在较高的水平。随着羟自由基浓度的提高，PAL、POD活性和木质素含量提高。
4．壳聚糖不仅可以促进平邑甜茶幼苗子叶的增重，改善根系发育，还可以提高木质素的合成代谢水平，能够作为诱抗剂应用于生产。在
0.05%～0.35%浓度范围内，随着壳聚糖浓度升高，子叶重量增加。适宜浓度（0.2%）能够提高新根质量，促进植株生长。根施壳聚糖不同程度的提高了细根的根尖数、面积、长度、平均直径和根系活力，改善了植株发育。根施壳聚糖均提高了平邑甜茶幼苗根系的POD、PAL活性和木质素含量，促进了根系木质素的合成。
5．平邑甜茶幼苗叶片超微弱发光与摆放方式、圆片直径和圆片数关系密切。平铺的超微弱发光显著高于堆叠的；圆片直径越大，圆片数越多，超微弱发光越强。
The experiments were conducted from 2001 to 2003 in the orchard and hormone laboratory, College of Horticulture, Shandong Agricultural University. The 1-3 years old trees of M.hupehensis Rehd were used as materials. The method of the experiment were water culture, soil culture and normal sampling etc. Firstly, the elementary law of lignin synthesis metabolism in different part of the seedlings of M.hupehensis Rehd was studied. On the base of it, then the regulation of weak light on the growth development and lignin synthesis metabolism of leaves of M.hupehensis Rehd seedlings was researched. Finally, using two elicitor, hydroxy radical and chitosan, to regulate the growth development and lignin synthesis metabolism of the seedlings, whose potential apply value was discussed. In addition, the Ultraweak luminescence(UL) assay method of the leaves of M.hupehensis Rehd was studied. The results obtained are summarized as follows.
1. The lignin content and the relative enzymes activity are different among roots, stem and leaves of M.hupehensis Rehd seedlings, the same as among different type of roots and different position leaf of the seedlings. The concrete results is following. The sequence of lignin content is stem>root>leaf and conducting root>transitional root>growing root>absorbing root. The lignin content and POD activity in old roots is obviously higher than those in new roots. The lower the leaf position of the same shoot is, the higher the lignin content and the POD activity are. The lignin content is not according with activity of PAL and 4Cl in leaves of different position.
2. Shade can greatly decrease SLW, lignin content and the relative enzymes activity, such as POD and PAL in leaves of M.hupehensis Rehd seedlings,
which indicates that shade has regulation function on the lignin synthesis metabolism. Moreover, shade decrease UL and the activity of CAT of the seedlings leaves, which proved that shade can weaken the resistance of leaves and this is relative to the low level of lignin synthesis metabolism.
3. The treatment of fit concentration of hydroxy radical on M.hupehensis Rehd roots can improve the root development, elicit the seedlings UL and increase the level of lignin synthesis metabolism, which make it possible to apply the agent as elicitor to agricultural production. The treatment of hydroxy radical on roots may increase root weight and decrease cap weight, so the root/cap ratio increase. The treatment of hydroxy radical increase the active absorbing area per., TTC root vigor and CAT activity. The response speed of UL in the seedlings whose roots were dipped in hydroxy radical solution is faster than that in water and the former kept a higher level finally. With the increase of the hydroxy radical concentration, the lignin content and the activity of POD and PAL also increased.
4. The treatment of chitosan on M.hupehensis Rehd seedlings not only increase cotyledon weight, promote root development, but also increase the level of lignin synthesis metabolism and chitosan can be applied to agricultural production as an elicitor. With the increase of chitosan concentration ranging from 0.05% to 0.35%, cotyledon weight increases, under the fit concentration (0.2%), the quality of new root and plant growth are improved. To some extent, the treatment of applying chitosan to roots all increase tip number, area, length, average diameter and the vigor of fine roots and improve plant development. Moreover, these treatment increase lignin content and the activity of POD and PAL in roots, promote the lignin synthesis in root.
5. The leaf UL intensity of M.hupehensis Rehd seedlings is closely related to putting ways, wafer diameter and wafer number. The UL intensity of tiled leaves is higher than that of piled leaves. The wider the wafer diameter is and the more the number of wafer is, the stronger the UL intensity is.
引文
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