基于嵌入式系统的谐波分析算法及装置研究
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摘要
随着电工技术的高速发展,各种新器件、新负载层出不穷,它们所产生的大量谐波对电力系统的安全造成了很大的危害,谐波问题也成为了大家日益关注的问题。因此提高针对谐波问题的检测水平,对于改善电网环境和提高电网的安全性都是十分重要的。
本文首先对国内外电力谐波检测技术的发展现状作了简要介绍,又对电力谐波的基本性质及其所造成的危害作了详细阐述,对针对谐波检测的主要检测方法以及检测设备进行了概括。
其次,在谐波检测方法方面针对加窗插值FFT算法进行了深入研究。研究了一种基于三项余弦窗exact-Blackman窗的三次样条插值FFT算法。分析了exact-Blackman窗的频率响应,详细推导了基于exact-Blackman窗的插值FFT算法的计算公式,从而使得新的插值FFT算法能够有效地提高电力系统谐波的测量精度。并通过MATLAB平台对此方法进行了仿真,仿真结果证明此算法能够在相对较少的采样周期内达到较高的精度,实时性好,适用于电力系统谐波检测。
然后在研究了相关理论和技术的基础上,针对谐波检测对精确性以及实时性的要求,结合目前的相关技术手段,设计了一种基于DSP和ARM双CPU为核心的谐波检测装置,并详细阐述了各部分功能模块的设计,该装置能够充分发挥DSP在数据处理上的优势以及ARM在控制管理上的优势；在算法研究的基础上,设计了系统的软件部分,并将μC/OS-Ⅱ系统在ARM上进行了移植；开发了人机界面MiniGUI,使人机交互更加灵活方便。
With the rapid development of electrical technology, various new devices, new load after another, they produce a lot of harmonics on power system security caused great harm, harmonic problems have become a growing concern everyone. Thereby increasing the level of detection for harmonic problems, for improving the environment and improve the power grid's safety is very important.
This article first foreign power harmonic detection technology, gave a brief introduction, but also on the power harmonics and the fundamental nature of the harm caused elaborated on the main test for the harmonic detection method and detection equipment summarized.
Then, windows and interpolation FFT algorithms is in-depth study for harmonics detection methods. A window based on three cosine interpolation exact-Blackman window FFT algorithm. Discussion of the exact-Blackman window frequency response, are derived based on the exact-Blackman window FFT algorithm of interpolation formula, making the new interpolated FFT algorithm to improve power system harmonic measurement accuracy. Under the new algorithm, it takes advantage of the platform of MATLAB to develop a computer program for Simulation. Simulation results show that this new algorithms has high precision with less sampling period. It is also applicable to power system harmonics detection.
And then study the theories and technologies based on the detection accuracy for harmonic and real-time requirements, combined with the current relevant technical means, a dual-CPU based on DSP and ARM core, harmonic detection device fully display DSP in the data processing on the advantages and the ARM's superiority in the control and management in order to complete system requirements. And described in detail the various parts of the design of functional modules.In the algorithm based on the design of the software part of the system. The systemμC/OS-Ⅱmigration of the ARM part is operated. MiniGUI is developed in the system. It make people more flexible and convenient computer interaction.
本文首先对国内外电力谐波检测技术的发展现状作了简要介绍,又对电力谐波的基本性质及其所造成的危害作了详细阐述,对针对谐波检测的主要检测方法以及检测设备进行了概括。
其次,在谐波检测方法方面针对加窗插值FFT算法进行了深入研究。研究了一种基于三项余弦窗exact-Blackman窗的三次样条插值FFT算法。分析了exact-Blackman窗的频率响应,详细推导了基于exact-Blackman窗的插值FFT算法的计算公式,从而使得新的插值FFT算法能够有效地提高电力系统谐波的测量精度。并通过MATLAB平台对此方法进行了仿真,仿真结果证明此算法能够在相对较少的采样周期内达到较高的精度,实时性好,适用于电力系统谐波检测。
然后在研究了相关理论和技术的基础上,针对谐波检测对精确性以及实时性的要求,结合目前的相关技术手段,设计了一种基于DSP和ARM双CPU为核心的谐波检测装置,并详细阐述了各部分功能模块的设计,该装置能够充分发挥DSP在数据处理上的优势以及ARM在控制管理上的优势；在算法研究的基础上,设计了系统的软件部分,并将μC/OS-Ⅱ系统在ARM上进行了移植；开发了人机界面MiniGUI,使人机交互更加灵活方便。
With the rapid development of electrical technology, various new devices, new load after another, they produce a lot of harmonics on power system security caused great harm, harmonic problems have become a growing concern everyone. Thereby increasing the level of detection for harmonic problems, for improving the environment and improve the power grid's safety is very important.
This article first foreign power harmonic detection technology, gave a brief introduction, but also on the power harmonics and the fundamental nature of the harm caused elaborated on the main test for the harmonic detection method and detection equipment summarized.
Then, windows and interpolation FFT algorithms is in-depth study for harmonics detection methods. A window based on three cosine interpolation exact-Blackman window FFT algorithm. Discussion of the exact-Blackman window frequency response, are derived based on the exact-Blackman window FFT algorithm of interpolation formula, making the new interpolated FFT algorithm to improve power system harmonic measurement accuracy. Under the new algorithm, it takes advantage of the platform of MATLAB to develop a computer program for Simulation. Simulation results show that this new algorithms has high precision with less sampling period. It is also applicable to power system harmonics detection.
And then study the theories and technologies based on the detection accuracy for harmonic and real-time requirements, combined with the current relevant technical means, a dual-CPU based on DSP and ARM core, harmonic detection device fully display DSP in the data processing on the advantages and the ARM's superiority in the control and management in order to complete system requirements. And described in detail the various parts of the design of functional modules.In the algorithm based on the design of the software part of the system. The systemμC/OS-Ⅱmigration of the ARM part is operated. MiniGUI is developed in the system. It make people more flexible and convenient computer interaction.
引文
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[2]亓学广,基于FFT和小波变换的电力系统谐波检测方法研究[D]：山东济南：山东科技大学,2007
[3]粟时平,郑小平,金维宇.电力系统谐波检测方法及其实现技术的发展[J].电气开关,2004(1),33-37
[4]杜天军.基于抗混叠小波理论的电力系统谐波检测与抑制研究[D]：四川成都：成都电子科技大学,2008
[5]J.Read.The calculation of rectifier and converter performance characteristica.Joumal IEF,1945,92,Part 11:495-590
[6]J.Arrillaga, D.Bradley, P.Bodger著,唐统一,吴震春等译.电力系统谐波[M].中国矿业大学出版社,1991
[7]IEEE Std.1159-1992:IEEE Recommended Practices and requirements for harmonic control in electric Power systems.1993, New York
[8]IEEE Std.1159-1995:IEEE Recommended Practice for Monitoring Electric Power Quality.1995, New York
[9]IEEE Std.1159.3-2003:IEEE Recommended Practice for the Transfer of Power Quality Data.2003, New York
[10]肖湘宁,徐永海.电力系统谐波及其综合治理[J].中国电力,1998,31(4)：59-61
[11]吴竞昌等.电力系统谐波[M].北京：水利电力出版社,1988
[12]张志平.城市电网谐波手册[M].北京,中国电力出版社,2001
[13]中国国家标准GB/T 14549-93：电能质量—公用电网谐波[M].北京：中国标准出版社,1994
[14]吉艳平,基于小波变换的电力谐波检测方法的研究[硕士论文]：湖南长沙：中南大学,2007
[15]V.Wagner, J.Balda.Effects of harmonics on equipment, Report of the IEEE Task Force on the Effects of Harmonics on Equipment. IEEE Transactions on power Delivery 1993, 8(2):672-680
[16]J.Subjak, J.McQuilkin. Harmonics-causes, effeets, measurements, and analysis:an update. IEEE Transactions on Industry APPlications,1990,26(6):1034-1042
[17]George.Wakileh著,徐政译.电力系统谐波—基本原理、分析方法和滤波器设计[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2003
[18]王兆安,杨君,刘进军.谐波抑制和无功功率补偿.北京：机械工业出版社,1998
[19]张伏生等.电力系统谐波分析的高精度FFT算法[J].中国机电工程学报,1999,19(3)：63-66
[20]H.Akagi,Y.Kanazawa.Instantaneous reactive power compensator comprising switching devices without energy storage components.IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1984,20(3):625-630
[21]于海生等.基于复序列FFT和锁相原理的电参数测量[J].电网技术,2000,3,Vol.24(3)：：59-61
[22]卿柏元.谐波电能计量改进FFT算法研究[硕十论文]：湖南长沙：湖南大学,2008
[23]李庚银等.dpo坐标系下广义瞬时无功功率定义及其补偿[J].中国机电工程学报,1996,Vol.16(3)：176-179
[24]柴旭峥,文习山等.一种高精度的电力系统谐波分析算法[J].中国电机工程学报,2003,23(9)：67-70
[25]钱昊,赵荣祥.电力系统中谐波分析的高精度FFT算法[J].江南大学学报(自然科学版),2006,5(5)：547-550
[26]Zhang Fusheng, Geng Zhongxing.The algorithm of interpolating windowed FFT for harmonic analysis of electric Power system. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2001, 16(2):160-264
[27]GHeydt,P.Fjeld Applications of the windowed FFT to electric power quality assessment. IEEE Transactions on power Delivery,1999,14(4):1411-1416
[28]刘敏,王克英.基于加窗双峰谱线插值的高精度FFT谐波分析[J].电测与仪表,2006,43(483)
[29]庞浩,李东霞等.应用FFT进行电力系统谐波分析的改进算法[J].中国电机工程学报,2003,23(6)：50-5462
[30]马人政,陈凯明.减少频谱泄漏的一种自适应算法[J].电力系统自动化,2002,26(7)：55-58
[31]T.Lobos,T.Kozina.High resolution spectrum estimation methods for signal analysis in Power electronics and systems. The 2000 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, Geneva,2000, Vol.2:553-556.
[32]陈长升,基于小波变换抗混叠谐波检测方法的研究[硕士论文]：广东江门：五邑大学,2008
[33]邵明,钟彦儒,余建明.基于小波变换的谐波电流的实时检测方法[J].电力电子技术,2000(1)：42-45
[34]B.Pelly.Thyristor Phase-controlled Converters and Cycloconverters:operation, Control and Performance. New York:John Wiley&Sons,1971
[35]Y.H.Hu,B.Phan.Frequency estimation error in Pisarenko harmonic decomposition method Proceedings of the IEEE,1988,76(1):82-84
[36]H.Mori,K.Takeda.Control of harmonic voltage distortion with parallel simulated annealing. Proceedings of the Second International of Neural Networks to Power Systems, Yokohama,1993,317-322
[37]L.Dobinson.Closer accord on harmonics. IEEE Electron Power,1975,5:567-570
[38]陈艳慧,黄海鲲.基于Fryze功率理论的谐波检测算法与p-q算法的一致性[J].山东电力技术,2006(3)：15-16
[39]H.AI-Hamadi,S.Soliman. Kalman filter for identification of power system fuzzy harmonic components.Electric Power Systems Research,2002,62(3):241-248
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