轴压荷载下干湿循环—硫酸盐侵蚀耦合作用混凝土长期性能
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摘要
摘要：硫酸盐侵蚀混凝土的过程是一个涉及物理、化学、力学等多方面作用效应的复杂现象,其影响因素众多、危害很大,是混凝土耐久性研究的重要内容之一。实际工程中,当混凝土结构处于荷载与硫酸盐侵蚀环境因素耦合作用时,其作用机理更为复杂。在这种耦合作用下,如何判定结构的功能,即安全性、适用性与耐久性是否满足设计、施工、使用等方面的要求,需要对混凝土的长期性能等进行研究分析。然而,在现有的相关研究中,多因素耦合作用下混凝土性能试验方法还没有统一,造成研究成果缺乏规律性并存在普遍争议,尤其是环境因素作用下混凝土长期变形的试验方法还没有相应的标准遵循。这些因素都有可能会造成研究过程中出现偏差,并导致工程设计和施工的不安全,兹待解决。
在混凝土结构的设计中,往往取混凝土28天的力学性能或者是一个定值作为其材料性能的判定指标。然而,混凝土材料性能是随时间不断变化的,导致结构性能也在随时间不断变化,当这一变化在结构处于危险状态时则更为突出,会危及结构的安全,因此,获取和使用混凝土当前状态的材料性能指标十分重要。目前,荷载与环境多因素耦合作用下混凝土性能研究还很不充分,处于起步阶段,尤其是对于荷载与干湿循环硫酸盐耦合作用下混凝土依时性力学性能的研究分析仍是空白。
本文围绕轴压荷载、干湿循环、硫酸盐侵蚀三重因素共同作用下混凝土的力学、耐久、徐变性能开展了试验研究和理论研究。主要工作如下：
(1)通过对国内外已有硫酸盐侵蚀混凝土试验方法比较与分析,根据工程实际环境下混凝土硫酸盐侵蚀的特点,设计了轴压荷载下干湿循环-硫酸盐侵蚀耦合作用混凝土长期性能演变规律的试验方案；
(2)开展了压应力、干湿循环和硫酸盐侵蚀作用下混凝土长期性能的试验研究,主要考虑了浸泡方式、应力水平和硫酸盐溶液浓度等因素。试验结果表明,多因素的耦合作用,由于多因素之间选择的水平不同,耦合后对混凝土性能的复合作用会产生或延缓或加速的效应；
(3)基于描述物理系统的元胞自动机模型,制定了混凝土内各元胞状态在时间和空间上的演化规则,并考虑由于混凝土的不均匀性引起的硫酸根离子在混凝土内传输的不确定性,建立了用于模拟多因素耦合作用下硫酸根离子侵蚀混凝土的元胞自动机模型；
(4)基于材料损伤力学的有效应力理论与混凝土徐变B3模型,建立了硫酸盐侵蚀作用下混凝土轴心受压构件徐变模型。进一步考虑与干湿循环影响系数相结合,给出了干湿循环硫酸盐侵蚀下混凝土徐变预测模型。上述模型的预测结果与试验数据吻合较好；
(5)在混凝土损伤本构理论的基础上,考虑硫酸盐侵蚀混凝土的特征,建立了硫酸盐侵蚀混凝土的损伤计算模型,并结合徐变对混凝土应力应变关系影响规律,建立了干湿循环硫酸盐侵蚀下混凝土依时性应力-应变关系模型。该模型能较好的与试验数据曲线对应,并能合理地模拟其破坏过程。
As one of the important contents of concrete durability, sulfate attack on concrete, being many impact factors and great harmfulness, is a complex phenomenon which involves the effects of actions of physics, chemistry and mechanics. In practice, how to predicate the predetermined functions (e.g. safety, applicability, durability, etc.) of concrete structure suffered from couple effects of loading, single or double sulfate attack, requires the analysis of concrete long-term performance. However, test methods of concrete preformances under the coupled actions of the multi-factors have not been unified, such as creep test method of concrete under harsh environmental conditions has no corresponding standard to follow, which result in research achievement in lack of regularity and being commonplace disputed. These might cause deviations in research and unsafeties in engineering practice, to be solved.
In the design of concrete structure, it is completely important to obtain the current state of material performances of concrete in service which are not constant in actual and differ from the concrete in28days in traditional design. The current statuses of concrete performances are affected by ambient environment, creep and damage, etc. At present, research on material performances of concrete under the combined actions are insufficiency and on beginning phase, the time-dependent behaviors of concrete suffered from coupled effects is still blank.
In response to these circumstances, in this dissertation, experimental and theoretical studies are carried out on mechanical, durability and long-term performance of concrete under the coupled actions of axial compression, dry-wet cycle and shlfate attack. The main works are as follows:
(1) Based on the comparison and analysis of pre-existing test mothod domestic and overseas, in combination of characteristics of concrete sulfate attack in engineering practical environment, testing programs for long-term performances of concrete subjected to coactions of axial compression, dry-wet cycle and sulfate attack are established.
(2) Long-term properties and their relations with different immersion ways, stress levels and concentrations of sulfate solution of concrete exposed to multiple aggressions are experimentally studied. It is indicated that effects of combined factors on concrete performance are delayed or accelerated due to distinction between the alternative factors.
(3) According to the general principle of the cellular automaton model, the evolution rules of the cells in concrete in time and space are proposed and the uncertainty of sulfate ion diffusion caused by inhomogenous in concrete are taken into consideration. A modified cellular automaton model is presented to simulate the diffusion process of sulfate ion in concrete under multiple corrosion factors.
(4) On account of the concrete damage mechanics theory and the B3creep model, a modified B3creep model is presented to predict the time-dependent deformations of concrete under coupled effects of sustained loading and sulfate attack. Furthermore, in combination with the impact factor of drying and wetting cycle, a new creep model is established for prediction in the condition of dry-wet cycle and sulfate attack. All prediction models herein can agree well with the test data.
(5) On the basis of concrete damage constitutive theory, a damage model of concrete suffered from sulfate attack is proposed which take the characteristics of concrete sulfate attack into account. In combination of the creep effects on concrete strength, modulus of elasticity and strain, a time-dependent stress-strain model of concrete under the coupled effects of axial compression, dry-wet cycle and sulfate attack is presented. This model can provide good predictions on the stress-strain relationship curves of the concrete and rational simulations on the failure propagation.
在混凝土结构的设计中,往往取混凝土28天的力学性能或者是一个定值作为其材料性能的判定指标。然而,混凝土材料性能是随时间不断变化的,导致结构性能也在随时间不断变化,当这一变化在结构处于危险状态时则更为突出,会危及结构的安全,因此,获取和使用混凝土当前状态的材料性能指标十分重要。目前,荷载与环境多因素耦合作用下混凝土性能研究还很不充分,处于起步阶段,尤其是对于荷载与干湿循环硫酸盐耦合作用下混凝土依时性力学性能的研究分析仍是空白。
本文围绕轴压荷载、干湿循环、硫酸盐侵蚀三重因素共同作用下混凝土的力学、耐久、徐变性能开展了试验研究和理论研究。主要工作如下：
(1)通过对国内外已有硫酸盐侵蚀混凝土试验方法比较与分析,根据工程实际环境下混凝土硫酸盐侵蚀的特点,设计了轴压荷载下干湿循环-硫酸盐侵蚀耦合作用混凝土长期性能演变规律的试验方案；
(2)开展了压应力、干湿循环和硫酸盐侵蚀作用下混凝土长期性能的试验研究,主要考虑了浸泡方式、应力水平和硫酸盐溶液浓度等因素。试验结果表明,多因素的耦合作用,由于多因素之间选择的水平不同,耦合后对混凝土性能的复合作用会产生或延缓或加速的效应；
(3)基于描述物理系统的元胞自动机模型,制定了混凝土内各元胞状态在时间和空间上的演化规则,并考虑由于混凝土的不均匀性引起的硫酸根离子在混凝土内传输的不确定性,建立了用于模拟多因素耦合作用下硫酸根离子侵蚀混凝土的元胞自动机模型；
(4)基于材料损伤力学的有效应力理论与混凝土徐变B3模型,建立了硫酸盐侵蚀作用下混凝土轴心受压构件徐变模型。进一步考虑与干湿循环影响系数相结合,给出了干湿循环硫酸盐侵蚀下混凝土徐变预测模型。上述模型的预测结果与试验数据吻合较好；
(5)在混凝土损伤本构理论的基础上,考虑硫酸盐侵蚀混凝土的特征,建立了硫酸盐侵蚀混凝土的损伤计算模型,并结合徐变对混凝土应力应变关系影响规律,建立了干湿循环硫酸盐侵蚀下混凝土依时性应力-应变关系模型。该模型能较好的与试验数据曲线对应,并能合理地模拟其破坏过程。
As one of the important contents of concrete durability, sulfate attack on concrete, being many impact factors and great harmfulness, is a complex phenomenon which involves the effects of actions of physics, chemistry and mechanics. In practice, how to predicate the predetermined functions (e.g. safety, applicability, durability, etc.) of concrete structure suffered from couple effects of loading, single or double sulfate attack, requires the analysis of concrete long-term performance. However, test methods of concrete preformances under the coupled actions of the multi-factors have not been unified, such as creep test method of concrete under harsh environmental conditions has no corresponding standard to follow, which result in research achievement in lack of regularity and being commonplace disputed. These might cause deviations in research and unsafeties in engineering practice, to be solved.
In the design of concrete structure, it is completely important to obtain the current state of material performances of concrete in service which are not constant in actual and differ from the concrete in28days in traditional design. The current statuses of concrete performances are affected by ambient environment, creep and damage, etc. At present, research on material performances of concrete under the combined actions are insufficiency and on beginning phase, the time-dependent behaviors of concrete suffered from coupled effects is still blank.
In response to these circumstances, in this dissertation, experimental and theoretical studies are carried out on mechanical, durability and long-term performance of concrete under the coupled actions of axial compression, dry-wet cycle and shlfate attack. The main works are as follows:
(1) Based on the comparison and analysis of pre-existing test mothod domestic and overseas, in combination of characteristics of concrete sulfate attack in engineering practical environment, testing programs for long-term performances of concrete subjected to coactions of axial compression, dry-wet cycle and sulfate attack are established.
(2) Long-term properties and their relations with different immersion ways, stress levels and concentrations of sulfate solution of concrete exposed to multiple aggressions are experimentally studied. It is indicated that effects of combined factors on concrete performance are delayed or accelerated due to distinction between the alternative factors.
(3) According to the general principle of the cellular automaton model, the evolution rules of the cells in concrete in time and space are proposed and the uncertainty of sulfate ion diffusion caused by inhomogenous in concrete are taken into consideration. A modified cellular automaton model is presented to simulate the diffusion process of sulfate ion in concrete under multiple corrosion factors.
(4) On account of the concrete damage mechanics theory and the B3creep model, a modified B3creep model is presented to predict the time-dependent deformations of concrete under coupled effects of sustained loading and sulfate attack. Furthermore, in combination with the impact factor of drying and wetting cycle, a new creep model is established for prediction in the condition of dry-wet cycle and sulfate attack. All prediction models herein can agree well with the test data.
(5) On the basis of concrete damage constitutive theory, a damage model of concrete suffered from sulfate attack is proposed which take the characteristics of concrete sulfate attack into account. In combination of the creep effects on concrete strength, modulus of elasticity and strain, a time-dependent stress-strain model of concrete under the coupled effects of axial compression, dry-wet cycle and sulfate attack is presented. This model can provide good predictions on the stress-strain relationship curves of the concrete and rational simulations on the failure propagation.
引文
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