艾灸对气虚血瘀型慢性粒细胞白血病骨髓白细胞染色体和细胞免疫调节的影响
|
摘要
慢性粒细胞白血病，是一种造血组织的恶性肿瘤。为了探讨艾灸对气虚血瘀型，慢性粒细胞白血病病人的疗效及对骨髓白细胞染色体和细胞免疫力的调节作用及安全性。故采用30例病情稳定的气虚血瘀型慢性粒细胞白血病患者进行艾灸治疗，主穴取：大椎、膏肓(双)、膈俞(双)、脾俞(双)，配穴取：肾俞(双)、足三里(双)、三阴交(双)。每周三次，每次艾灸15分钟，一个疗程三个月。然后评估艾灸前后T细胞族群，B细胞及自然杀伤细胞的变化。以及艾灸前后骨髓白细胞染色体的变化。结果证明艾灸可使CD8~+T细胞族群在统计学上有意义的下降，即自然杀伤细胞有明显的下降。而T细胞CD3~+、CD4~+及B细胞CD19~+有上升趋势。同时骨髓白细胞染色体亦有缓解情况。结论是短期艾灸，亦可能对气虚血瘀型慢性粒细胞白血病患者免疫力及临床症状有调节作用。由于艾灸能够从整体上双向调节机体的免疫防御功能，增强正常机体免疫功能，提高低下的免疫能力，抑制亢盛的免疫反应，使机体免疫作用达到新的动态平衡和内外环境的协调稳定。故艾灸有以下各种优点：(1)能减轻放疗(电疗)、化疗毒损伤的副作用，(2)抑瘤、消瘤及提高人体免疫力，(3)安全、简便、经济、不产生任何副作用并有效改善各种临床症状，(4)提高患者生存质量。
Chronic myelogenous leukemia(CML),a myeloproliferative disorder arising from malignant transformation of the hematopoietic stem cell, typically follows a chronic, relatively asymptomatic course lasting for months to years. This research is to evaluate the efficacy of moxibustion on immune modulation and change of chromosome of patients with CML. We collected 50 patients with stabe CML. Thirty patients received stimulation of main acupoints Dazhui, Gaohuang(bilateral), Geshu(bilateral) and Pishu (bilateral), the same time second acupoints shenshu(bilateral), Zusanli(bilateral) and Sanyingiao (bilateral) by moxa rolls three times for one week and fifteen minuties each time continuing for three months. We compared the variations of T cell subsets, B cell and nature killer (NK) cells. The results showed relatively decreased proportions of CDS4 T cells subsets with statistical significance (p<0.005). There were increases in the proportions of CD4+ T cells, and B cells relatively but without si
gnificant differences. In addition, the chromosome of bone marrow cells showed cytogenetic remission after moxibustion. In conclusions, we found that short term application of moxibustion on special acupoints in CML patients could modulate CD8+T cell subsets. Moxibustion
may have effect of immune modulation and regulation of clinical symptoms in stable CML patients. The modulation of immune system of moxibustion is probably due to its effect on the promotion of the decreased immune mechanism and the depression of overreactive immune response. Therefore moxibustion has the advantages of (1) attenuation of the side effects of chemotherapy (2) increase of the immunity (3) convenience and economical without side effects (4) improvement of many clinical symptoms effectively (5) increase the probability of survival.
Chronic myelogenous leukemia(CML),a myeloproliferative disorder arising from malignant transformation of the hematopoietic stem cell, typically follows a chronic, relatively asymptomatic course lasting for months to years. This research is to evaluate the efficacy of moxibustion on immune modulation and change of chromosome of patients with CML. We collected 50 patients with stabe CML. Thirty patients received stimulation of main acupoints Dazhui, Gaohuang(bilateral), Geshu(bilateral) and Pishu (bilateral), the same time second acupoints shenshu(bilateral), Zusanli(bilateral) and Sanyingiao (bilateral) by moxa rolls three times for one week and fifteen minuties each time continuing for three months. We compared the variations of T cell subsets, B cell and nature killer (NK) cells. The results showed relatively decreased proportions of CDS4 T cells subsets with statistical significance (p<0.005). There were increases in the proportions of CD4+ T cells, and B cells relatively but without si
gnificant differences. In addition, the chromosome of bone marrow cells showed cytogenetic remission after moxibustion. In conclusions, we found that short term application of moxibustion on special acupoints in CML patients could modulate CD8+T cell subsets. Moxibustion
may have effect of immune modulation and regulation of clinical symptoms in stable CML patients. The modulation of immune system of moxibustion is probably due to its effect on the promotion of the decreased immune mechanism and the depression of overreactive immune response. Therefore moxibustion has the advantages of (1) attenuation of the side effects of chemotherapy (2) increase of the immunity (3) convenience and economical without side effects (4) improvement of many clinical symptoms effectively (5) increase the probability of survival.
引文
1．邓成珊，周霭祥主编．当代中西医结合血液病学．北京：中国医药科技出版社，1997；162-173
2. Sawyers CL. Chronic myeloid leukemia. N Engl J Med 1999; 340 (17): 1330-1340.
3．梁冰，葛志红主编．血液科专病：中医临床诊治．北京：人民卫生出版社，2001；267-279
4. Faderl S, Talpaz M, Estrov Z, O' Beien S, Kurzrock R, Kantarjian HM. The biology of chronic myeloid leukemia. N Engl J Med 1999; 341(3):164-172.
5. Apperley JF. Hematopoietic stem transplantation in chronic myeloid leukemia. Curr Opin Hematol 1998;5(6):445-453.
6. Savage DG, Goldman JM. Allografting for chronic myeloid leukemia. Curr Opin Hematol 1997;4(6):369-376.
7. Mathias F, Wakoff A, Porter DL. Chronic myelogenous leukemia: Extending the prospects for cure. Hospital Practice 1998; 33(6) 137-152.
8. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Trialists' Collaborative Group: mInterferon alfa versus chrmotherapy for chronic myeloid leukemia: A meta-analysis of seven randomized trials. J Nat Cancer Inst 1997;89(21):1616-1620.
9. Gratwohl A, Hermans J, Niederwieser D, Frassoni F, Arcese W, Gahrton G. Bone marrow transplantation for chronic myeloid leukemia: long term results. Bone Marrow Transplant 1993;12(5):509-516.
10. Hansen JA, Gooley TA, Martin PJ, Appelbaum F, Clift RA. Bone marrow transplants from unrelated donors for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. N Engl J Med 1998;338(14):962-968.
11．方向明．艾灸对支气管哮喘者RCD及IgG，IgE的影响．辽宁中医杂志，1999；26(1)：31
12．吴炳煌，等．隔姜灸神阙治疗支气管哮喘疗效与T细胞亚群含量变化关系的分析．中国针灸，1997；17(7)：389
13．赵粹英，等．隔蒜灸治疗难治性肺结核的临床观察．中国针灸，1996；16(2)：41
14．张安民，等．灸法对正常人肺活量影响的实验研究．中国针灸，1996；16(2)：97
15．曹忠义，等．隔药灸改善心肌缺血及对甲皱微循环的影响．上海针灸杂志，1999；18(1)：10
16．任建军．艾灸涌泉穴治疗失眠症38例．中医杂志，2000；20(2)：90
17．梁金玉．直接灸治疗虚症头痛50例．针灸临床杂志，1997；13(4，5)：67
18．王文莉，等．麦粒灸为主对脾虚泄泻患者免疫功能的影响．上海针灸杂志，1998；17(3)：20
19．肖鸣．健脾药饼灸治疗脾虚症临床疗效观察．四川中医，1999；17(10)：52
20．方向明，等．艾灸对胃溃疡患者血浆cAMP的影响．辽宁中医杂志，1998；25(3)：135
21．高荣慧．神阙穴敷灸治疗早期肝硬化的临床治疗．中国针灸，1996；16(9)：25
22．王海，等．艾灸大椎神阙对糖尿病病人胰岛功能的影响．中国针灸，1999；19(5)：305
23．王志萍，等．隔药灸结合血透析治疗慢性肾功能衰竭疗效观察．中国针灸，2000；20(3)：136
24．蒋和鑫．隔药饼灸治疗肾气不足型遗尿108例．上海针灸杂志，1996；15(2)：16
25．王伟明，等．间接灸治疗类风湿性关节炎的疗效观察．上海针灸杂志，1999；18(6)：5
26．刘心莲，等．温灸对类风湿性关节炎患者免疫功能影响．上海针灸杂志，1997；16(5)：4
27．崇桂琴，等．督灸治疗强直性脊椎炎的临床与镇痛机理研究．针灸临床杂志，1999；15(6)：46
28．张青竹．艾灸对风湿性疾病降血沉的临床观察．中国针灸，1999；19(8)：477
29．姚俊青．隔姜灸治疗化疗所致白细胞减少症临床观察．北京中医，1998；17(2)：40
30．王晓．艾灸治疗化疗后白细胞下降的疗效观察．中国针灸，1997；17(1)：13
31．战敏，等．艾灸治疗皮肤表浅溃疡117例．中国针灸，1996；16(11)：50
32．范宜文．艾条灸治疗外伤创口感染60例疗效观察．中国针灸，1998；18(5)：463
33．邵永红．艾条灸治疗压疮94例及护理要点．针灸临床杂志，1999；15(5)：308
34．陈海滨．瘢痕灸治疗神经性皮炎42例．中国民间疗法，1999；7(3)：19
35．马天伟．七星针加艾条灸治疗局限性神经性皮炎63例．中国针灸，1996；16(9)：19
36．朱福林．艾火点灸治疗带状疱疹60例．中国民间疗法，1999；7(2)：10
37．王盟．艾灸法治疗带状疱疹临床观察．针灸临床杂志，1999；15(12)：30
38．许山鹰．艾灸治疗肛门瘙痒症72例临床观察．北京中医，1997；16(3)：30
39．刘兴忠．艾灸“痔点”治疗痔疮50例疗效体会．针灸临床杂志，2000；20(8)：463
40．龙澜允．温和灸治疗嵌顿内痔3例．中国针灸，2000；20(8)：463
41．李晓清，等．艾灸治疗排卵障碍临床观察．中国针灸，1999；19(12)：727
42．洪钰芳．隔药灸治疗痛经35例临床观察．针灸临床杂志；1999；15(1)：31
43．孙良君．灸法治疗更年期功能性子宫出血25例，中国针灸，1996；16(10)：576
44．杨宗善．艾叶加苍术穴位灸治疗妊娠呕吐．中国针灸，2000；20(4)：225
45．陈筠．灸至阴治疗胎位不43例．中国民间疗法，1999；7(2)：11
46．黄蜀，等．温针治疗盆腔静脉瘀血综合症．四川中医，1999；17(4)：50
47．戴萦萦．温针治疗阴缩症3例．上海针灸杂志，1997；16(6)：14
48．陈安福．温针治疗功能性阳痿40例．上海针灸杂志，1997；16(6)：15
49．杨顺益．温针治疗肩周炎疗效观察．中国针灸，2000；20(2)：83
50．陈立飞．直接灸治肱骨外上髁炎50例．中国针灸，1996；16(2)：26
51．刘鑫．温针灸治疗痛风性关节炎61例．中国针灸，2000；20(9)：537
52．胡永春．直接灸治疗老年性膝关节疼痛56例．中国针灸，1996；16(11)：46
53．刘建国．温针灸治疗下颌关节弹痛46例．四川中医，1999；17(11)：56
54．刘龙彪．隔姜灸涌泉穴治疗跖痛症132例．上海针灸杂志，1996；15(3)：30
55．廖海清．三线灸治疗急慢性咽炎320例．上海针灸杂志，1998；17(3)：30
56．姜建勇．隔药饼灸治眼肌型重症肌无力30例．针灸临床杂志，2001；17(3)：38
57．张彤，等．重灸翳风穴治疗青少年周围性面瘫及其对细胞免疫功能的影响，中国针灸，2000；20(10)：587
58．刘龙彪．皮肤针加隔姜灸治疗顽固性面瘫38例．上海针灸杂志，1996；15(4)：6
59．周健伟，等．试论灸法在古代急症救治中的应用．针灸临床杂志，1997；13(4，5)：65
60．周秉真．艾灸在急诊中的应用．针灸临床杂志，1999；11(1)：55
盛生宽，发泡灸在急重症中的应用．中国针灸，2000；20(9)：538
61. Harrison's, Principles of Internal Medicine, 13thEd, Chap. 277, P1543, 1994.
62. Barrett AJ, Van-Rhee F. Graft-versus-leukemia. Bailliere's Clin Haematol 1997;10:337-355.
63. Mackinnon S. Donore leukocyte infusions. Bailliere' s Clin Haematol 1997;10:357-367.
64. Glass D, Schur PH. Autoimmunity and SLE. In: Talal N, ed. Autoimmunity. Genetic, immunologic, virologic and clinical aspects. New York: Academic Press, 1977:532-60.
65. Horwitz DA, Stohl W, Gray JD. T lymphocyttes, nature killer cells, cytokines and immune regulation. In: Dubois' Lupus erythematosus, 5th ed, Williams & Wilkins, 1997:161-94.
66. Walker SE. The importance of sex hormone in lupus. In: Dubois' Lupus erythematosus, 5th ed, Williams & Wilkins, 1997:311-22.
67. Tu BY. Combined treatment using traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine of lupus crisis: a report
of 10 cases. Chinese Journal of Modern Developments in Traditional Medicine. 6: 215-217, 1986. [Chinese]
68. O'Connor J, Bensky D. Acupuncture: a comprehensive text, 1st ed. Eastland, 1981;529-42.
69. Stux G, Promeranz B. Basics of Acupuncture. 3rd ed. Springer, 1995:114-6.
70. Tan EM, Cohen AS, Fries JF et al. The 1982 revised criteia for the classification of SLE. Arthritis Rheum 1982;25:1271-7.
71. Bombardier C, Gladman DD, Urowitz MB, Caron D, Chaug CH. Derivation of the SLEDAI. A disease activity index for lupus patients. The committee on Prognosis Studies in SLE. Arthritis Rheum 35: 630-640; 1992.
72. Petri M, Genovese M, Engle E, Hochberg MC. Definition, incidence and clinical description of flare in systemic lupus erythematosus: a prespective cohort study. Arthritis Rheum 34; 937-944, 1991.
73. Liu W, Zhao J. Relationship between acupuncture-induced immunity and the regulation of central neurotransmitters in the rabbit: Ⅵ. The influence of NDR stimulation on acupuncture regulation of immune function in rabbit. Acupuncture & Electro-Therapeutics Res. 1989;14:197-203.
74. Anonymous. A summary of research concerning the effects of acupuncture. Am J Chin Med. 1975;3:377-94.
75. Shen GX, Su N, Zhu HF, Wang XL, Zhang Y, Sun B et al. Immunomodulation of musk-moxa-string therapy in patients with scrofula. J Tongji Med University10: 164-168, 1990.
76. Linker-Israeli M, Quismorio FP Jr, Horwitz DA. CD8+ lymphocytes from patients with SLE sustain rather than supress spontaneous polyclonal IgG production and
synergize with CD4+ cells to support autoantibody synthesis. Arthritis Rheum 1990;139:1070-4.
77. Linker-Israeli M, Bakke AC, Kitridou RC, Gendler S, Gillis S, Horwitz DA. Defective production of IL-1 and IL-2 in patients with SLE. J Immunol 1983;130:2651-5.
78．扬天楹，张子南，郝玉书，临床血液学．北京：北京医科大学，大学联合出版社，1992：249
79. Groffen J, stephenson JR, Heisterkamp N, et al. Philadelphia chromosomal breakpoints are clustered within a limited region, bcr, on chromosome 22. Cell,1984,36(1): 93-99.
80. Shtivelman E, Lifshitz B, Gale RP, et al. Fused transcript of abl and bcr genes in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Nature, 1985,315(6020): 550-554.
81. Zhu BS, Huang SZ, Yi SJ, et al. Cytogenetics and clinical observation on variant Ph translocation in chronic myeloid leukemia. Medicine Pharmacy of yunnan, 1996, 17(6): 466-467．[朱宝生，黄士智，易淑君，等．慢粒细胞白血病变异Ph易位的细胞遗传学及临床观察．云南医药．1996，17(6)：466-467．]
82. An International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (1985) ISCN1985. Report of the Standing Committee on Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature. Birth defects Orig Artic Ser, 1985,21(1): 1-117.
83. Zhang ZN. Criterions for diagnoses and curative effect on hematonosis, 1th ed. Tianjin: Tianjin Science and Technol ogy Press, 1990. 193-200．(张之南编着．血液病诊断及疗效标准．第1版．天津：天津科技出版社，1990．193-200．]
2. Sawyers CL. Chronic myeloid leukemia. N Engl J Med 1999; 340 (17): 1330-1340.
3．梁冰，葛志红主编．血液科专病：中医临床诊治．北京：人民卫生出版社，2001；267-279
4. Faderl S, Talpaz M, Estrov Z, O' Beien S, Kurzrock R, Kantarjian HM. The biology of chronic myeloid leukemia. N Engl J Med 1999; 341(3):164-172.
5. Apperley JF. Hematopoietic stem transplantation in chronic myeloid leukemia. Curr Opin Hematol 1998;5(6):445-453.
6. Savage DG, Goldman JM. Allografting for chronic myeloid leukemia. Curr Opin Hematol 1997;4(6):369-376.
7. Mathias F, Wakoff A, Porter DL. Chronic myelogenous leukemia: Extending the prospects for cure. Hospital Practice 1998; 33(6) 137-152.
8. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Trialists' Collaborative Group: mInterferon alfa versus chrmotherapy for chronic myeloid leukemia: A meta-analysis of seven randomized trials. J Nat Cancer Inst 1997;89(21):1616-1620.
9. Gratwohl A, Hermans J, Niederwieser D, Frassoni F, Arcese W, Gahrton G. Bone marrow transplantation for chronic myeloid leukemia: long term results. Bone Marrow Transplant 1993;12(5):509-516.
10. Hansen JA, Gooley TA, Martin PJ, Appelbaum F, Clift RA. Bone marrow transplants from unrelated donors for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. N Engl J Med 1998;338(14):962-968.
11．方向明．艾灸对支气管哮喘者RCD及IgG，IgE的影响．辽宁中医杂志，1999；26(1)：31
12．吴炳煌，等．隔姜灸神阙治疗支气管哮喘疗效与T细胞亚群含量变化关系的分析．中国针灸，1997；17(7)：389
13．赵粹英，等．隔蒜灸治疗难治性肺结核的临床观察．中国针灸，1996；16(2)：41
14．张安民，等．灸法对正常人肺活量影响的实验研究．中国针灸，1996；16(2)：97
15．曹忠义，等．隔药灸改善心肌缺血及对甲皱微循环的影响．上海针灸杂志，1999；18(1)：10
16．任建军．艾灸涌泉穴治疗失眠症38例．中医杂志，2000；20(2)：90
17．梁金玉．直接灸治疗虚症头痛50例．针灸临床杂志，1997；13(4，5)：67
18．王文莉，等．麦粒灸为主对脾虚泄泻患者免疫功能的影响．上海针灸杂志，1998；17(3)：20
19．肖鸣．健脾药饼灸治疗脾虚症临床疗效观察．四川中医，1999；17(10)：52
20．方向明，等．艾灸对胃溃疡患者血浆cAMP的影响．辽宁中医杂志，1998；25(3)：135
21．高荣慧．神阙穴敷灸治疗早期肝硬化的临床治疗．中国针灸，1996；16(9)：25
22．王海，等．艾灸大椎神阙对糖尿病病人胰岛功能的影响．中国针灸，1999；19(5)：305
23．王志萍，等．隔药灸结合血透析治疗慢性肾功能衰竭疗效观察．中国针灸，2000；20(3)：136
24．蒋和鑫．隔药饼灸治疗肾气不足型遗尿108例．上海针灸杂志，1996；15(2)：16
25．王伟明，等．间接灸治疗类风湿性关节炎的疗效观察．上海针灸杂志，1999；18(6)：5
26．刘心莲，等．温灸对类风湿性关节炎患者免疫功能影响．上海针灸杂志，1997；16(5)：4
27．崇桂琴，等．督灸治疗强直性脊椎炎的临床与镇痛机理研究．针灸临床杂志，1999；15(6)：46
28．张青竹．艾灸对风湿性疾病降血沉的临床观察．中国针灸，1999；19(8)：477
29．姚俊青．隔姜灸治疗化疗所致白细胞减少症临床观察．北京中医，1998；17(2)：40
30．王晓．艾灸治疗化疗后白细胞下降的疗效观察．中国针灸，1997；17(1)：13
31．战敏，等．艾灸治疗皮肤表浅溃疡117例．中国针灸，1996；16(11)：50
32．范宜文．艾条灸治疗外伤创口感染60例疗效观察．中国针灸，1998；18(5)：463
33．邵永红．艾条灸治疗压疮94例及护理要点．针灸临床杂志，1999；15(5)：308
34．陈海滨．瘢痕灸治疗神经性皮炎42例．中国民间疗法，1999；7(3)：19
35．马天伟．七星针加艾条灸治疗局限性神经性皮炎63例．中国针灸，1996；16(9)：19
36．朱福林．艾火点灸治疗带状疱疹60例．中国民间疗法，1999；7(2)：10
37．王盟．艾灸法治疗带状疱疹临床观察．针灸临床杂志，1999；15(12)：30
38．许山鹰．艾灸治疗肛门瘙痒症72例临床观察．北京中医，1997；16(3)：30
39．刘兴忠．艾灸“痔点”治疗痔疮50例疗效体会．针灸临床杂志，2000；20(8)：463
40．龙澜允．温和灸治疗嵌顿内痔3例．中国针灸，2000；20(8)：463
41．李晓清，等．艾灸治疗排卵障碍临床观察．中国针灸，1999；19(12)：727
42．洪钰芳．隔药灸治疗痛经35例临床观察．针灸临床杂志；1999；15(1)：31
43．孙良君．灸法治疗更年期功能性子宫出血25例，中国针灸，1996；16(10)：576
44．杨宗善．艾叶加苍术穴位灸治疗妊娠呕吐．中国针灸，2000；20(4)：225
45．陈筠．灸至阴治疗胎位不43例．中国民间疗法，1999；7(2)：11
46．黄蜀，等．温针治疗盆腔静脉瘀血综合症．四川中医，1999；17(4)：50
47．戴萦萦．温针治疗阴缩症3例．上海针灸杂志，1997；16(6)：14
48．陈安福．温针治疗功能性阳痿40例．上海针灸杂志，1997；16(6)：15
49．杨顺益．温针治疗肩周炎疗效观察．中国针灸，2000；20(2)：83
50．陈立飞．直接灸治肱骨外上髁炎50例．中国针灸，1996；16(2)：26
51．刘鑫．温针灸治疗痛风性关节炎61例．中国针灸，2000；20(9)：537
52．胡永春．直接灸治疗老年性膝关节疼痛56例．中国针灸，1996；16(11)：46
53．刘建国．温针灸治疗下颌关节弹痛46例．四川中医，1999；17(11)：56
54．刘龙彪．隔姜灸涌泉穴治疗跖痛症132例．上海针灸杂志，1996；15(3)：30
55．廖海清．三线灸治疗急慢性咽炎320例．上海针灸杂志，1998；17(3)：30
56．姜建勇．隔药饼灸治眼肌型重症肌无力30例．针灸临床杂志，2001；17(3)：38
57．张彤，等．重灸翳风穴治疗青少年周围性面瘫及其对细胞免疫功能的影响，中国针灸，2000；20(10)：587
58．刘龙彪．皮肤针加隔姜灸治疗顽固性面瘫38例．上海针灸杂志，1996；15(4)：6
59．周健伟，等．试论灸法在古代急症救治中的应用．针灸临床杂志，1997；13(4，5)：65
60．周秉真．艾灸在急诊中的应用．针灸临床杂志，1999；11(1)：55
盛生宽，发泡灸在急重症中的应用．中国针灸，2000；20(9)：538
61. Harrison's, Principles of Internal Medicine, 13thEd, Chap. 277, P1543, 1994.
62. Barrett AJ, Van-Rhee F. Graft-versus-leukemia. Bailliere's Clin Haematol 1997;10:337-355.
63. Mackinnon S. Donore leukocyte infusions. Bailliere' s Clin Haematol 1997;10:357-367.
64. Glass D, Schur PH. Autoimmunity and SLE. In: Talal N, ed. Autoimmunity. Genetic, immunologic, virologic and clinical aspects. New York: Academic Press, 1977:532-60.
65. Horwitz DA, Stohl W, Gray JD. T lymphocyttes, nature killer cells, cytokines and immune regulation. In: Dubois' Lupus erythematosus, 5th ed, Williams & Wilkins, 1997:161-94.
66. Walker SE. The importance of sex hormone in lupus. In: Dubois' Lupus erythematosus, 5th ed, Williams & Wilkins, 1997:311-22.
67. Tu BY. Combined treatment using traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine of lupus crisis: a report
of 10 cases. Chinese Journal of Modern Developments in Traditional Medicine. 6: 215-217, 1986. [Chinese]
68. O'Connor J, Bensky D. Acupuncture: a comprehensive text, 1st ed. Eastland, 1981;529-42.
69. Stux G, Promeranz B. Basics of Acupuncture. 3rd ed. Springer, 1995:114-6.
70. Tan EM, Cohen AS, Fries JF et al. The 1982 revised criteia for the classification of SLE. Arthritis Rheum 1982;25:1271-7.
71. Bombardier C, Gladman DD, Urowitz MB, Caron D, Chaug CH. Derivation of the SLEDAI. A disease activity index for lupus patients. The committee on Prognosis Studies in SLE. Arthritis Rheum 35: 630-640; 1992.
72. Petri M, Genovese M, Engle E, Hochberg MC. Definition, incidence and clinical description of flare in systemic lupus erythematosus: a prespective cohort study. Arthritis Rheum 34; 937-944, 1991.
73. Liu W, Zhao J. Relationship between acupuncture-induced immunity and the regulation of central neurotransmitters in the rabbit: Ⅵ. The influence of NDR stimulation on acupuncture regulation of immune function in rabbit. Acupuncture & Electro-Therapeutics Res. 1989;14:197-203.
74. Anonymous. A summary of research concerning the effects of acupuncture. Am J Chin Med. 1975;3:377-94.
75. Shen GX, Su N, Zhu HF, Wang XL, Zhang Y, Sun B et al. Immunomodulation of musk-moxa-string therapy in patients with scrofula. J Tongji Med University10: 164-168, 1990.
76. Linker-Israeli M, Quismorio FP Jr, Horwitz DA. CD8+ lymphocytes from patients with SLE sustain rather than supress spontaneous polyclonal IgG production and
synergize with CD4+ cells to support autoantibody synthesis. Arthritis Rheum 1990;139:1070-4.
77. Linker-Israeli M, Bakke AC, Kitridou RC, Gendler S, Gillis S, Horwitz DA. Defective production of IL-1 and IL-2 in patients with SLE. J Immunol 1983;130:2651-5.
78．扬天楹，张子南，郝玉书，临床血液学．北京：北京医科大学，大学联合出版社，1992：249
79. Groffen J, stephenson JR, Heisterkamp N, et al. Philadelphia chromosomal breakpoints are clustered within a limited region, bcr, on chromosome 22. Cell,1984,36(1): 93-99.
80. Shtivelman E, Lifshitz B, Gale RP, et al. Fused transcript of abl and bcr genes in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Nature, 1985,315(6020): 550-554.
81. Zhu BS, Huang SZ, Yi SJ, et al. Cytogenetics and clinical observation on variant Ph translocation in chronic myeloid leukemia. Medicine Pharmacy of yunnan, 1996, 17(6): 466-467．[朱宝生，黄士智，易淑君，等．慢粒细胞白血病变异Ph易位的细胞遗传学及临床观察．云南医药．1996，17(6)：466-467．]
82. An International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (1985) ISCN1985. Report of the Standing Committee on Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature. Birth defects Orig Artic Ser, 1985,21(1): 1-117.
83. Zhang ZN. Criterions for diagnoses and curative effect on hematonosis, 1th ed. Tianjin: Tianjin Science and Technol ogy Press, 1990. 193-200．(张之南编着．血液病诊断及疗效标准．第1版．天津：天津科技出版社，1990．193-200．]