基于生理分析和生长模拟的甜瓜薄层基质生产系统构建
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摘要
针对当前网纹甜瓜(Cucumis melo var.reticulatus Naud.)无土栽培中存在的缺少适宜的无土栽培系统,基质用量较大管理难度较高,生产管理的标准化、精准化水平不足等问题,本文对新型栽培系统研制开发、网纹甜瓜群体光合生理和水分生理、产量和品质与环境因子及植株管理的关系、网纹甜瓜生长模拟和模型构建、生产管理系统研制和软件编制等方面进行了研究,旨在构建完成基于生理分析和生长模拟的温室网纹甜瓜薄层基质生产系统。
本文主要研究结果如下:
1.研制开发了薄层基质栽培系统(Substrate Film Culture System, SFCS),基质厚度降至6.5cm,单株基质用量降至4.45 L/株。本文研究了薄层基质栽培系统在网纹甜瓜生产中的应用效果,筛选出了适宜基质和基质槽溢流孔高度,实现了网纹甜瓜薄层基质栽培系统的管理技术配套。研究结果表明,在薄层基质栽培系统条件下,网纹甜瓜生长发育和产量品质等均优于开口基质袋栽培系统;
2.构建了人工气候室用于甜瓜群体光合测定的体系,研究了温度、CO2等环境因子对网纹甜瓜群体光合作用速率的影响并进行了初步量化,本文也探索了根据群体光合速率确定适宜温室环境管理的方法。
3.研究了全生育期和膨瓜期不同基质水分含量对网纹甜瓜生长发育和产量品质的影响,确定了网纹甜瓜不同发育时期适宜的根际水分含量。
4.研究了坐果方式、坐果时间序列和热量与网纹甜瓜产量品质之间的关系,结果表明一株一果的整枝方式更有力于获得较高的商品产量和更好果实外观品质,坐果时间序列、坐果节位对春作和秋作甜瓜的产量品质均有显著影响,累积热量单位(Accumulated Thermal Unit,ΣTu)、积温(Accumulated Temperature,ΣT)与单瓜重(Fruit fresh weight,FFW)之间呈明显直线相关关系,相关方程分别为FFW=0.0513Σtu-385.01(r~2=0.997),FFW=0.8678ΣT-156.82(r~2=0.980)。
5.筛选和确定了网纹甜瓜主要生长指标的最优生长方程;利用修改后的现有的程序化机理模型对5季网纹甜瓜干物质生产进行了模拟,研究了不同栽培季节甜瓜的光能利用率。结果表明,所用模型能很好地模拟干物质生产、相对生长速度等指标。本文还探索了根据历史气候数据和模拟模型确定适宜栽培期的方法。
6.构建了基于生理分析和生长模拟的温室甜瓜生产管理软件,并在管理系统系统的实时化计算、模拟和决策等方面进行了探索,初步完成了温室甜瓜薄层基质生产系统的整体集成和构建工作。
Muskmelon production developed fast in the past two decade in China, soilless culture also applied gradually as an exercisable technology to muskmelon aims to solve problems exists in conventional culture and enhance yield and quality as well. However, problems appeared in soilless culture which embarrass the application and popularize recent years, such as no feasible soilless culture system, high substrate dosage increasing cost, management is still difficult to user, low standardization and precision in operation, etc.
Hereby, the thesis aims to research and develop new soilless culture system, study main relevant cultivation physiology, modelling main growth index, make muskmelon simulation model and management system for the culture system and integration all above into a new-style production system as a result.
The main results were followed:
1. A new-style system-Substrate Film Culture System (SFCS) was developed and was applied to muskmelon production. The substrate thickness was reduced to 6.5 cm and substrate dosage for per plant was reduced to 4.45 L with this system. Compare to bag system, SFCS get better results not only on growth and development, but also yield and quality. Furthermore, substrate and over fall position effect on growth and development were also studied and the optimal was got.
2. Analysis and measurement system for crop canopy photosynthesis rate with climate chamber was established in the thesis, temperature and CO2 influence on photosynthesis rate was studied and the effect was determined primarily. The method that determine optimal greenhouse temperature management bases on canopy photosynthesis was discussed as well.
3. Effect of substrate water content during fruit expanding stage and amount whole cultivation period respectively on growth, yield and quality were studied, appropriate water content value which can be a reference to production was primarily choosed.
4. The effect of fruit set number, set sequence as well as heat accumulation on muskmelon fruit weight and quality was also studied. The results indicated that one fruit per plant was propitious to get high commercial yield and especially better apparent fruit quality than more (two or three) fruits per plant. Fruit set and harvesting sequence as well as fruit set position influenced fruit weight and quality obviously. Heat accumulation was a main factor that determine muskmelon fruit fresh weight and the relation was almost positive linear, the relation was: FFW (Fruit fresh weight) = 0.0513Σtu (Accumulated thermal unit)– 385.01(r~2=0.997) and FFW=0.8678ΣT ( Accumulated temperature) - 156.82(r~2=0.980).
5. Optimal formula for main growth indexes such as leaf number, leaf area and plant height was selected and determined. One model that exit in a tomato model TOMSIM (Tomato Simulator) was recomposed and used to 5 crops biomass simulation, the results indicated that the model can simulation nuskmelon biomass production well and also a fine simulation result was get for relative growth rate. A method for selecting suitable muskmelon cultivation period according to Shanghai historical climate data and modelling results was attempted as well.
6. Management system for greenhouse muskmelon, mainly for substrate culture muskmelon was built and some real time results such as photosynthesis rate, fruit fresh weight, etc. can be attained which was beneficial for greenhouse and cultivation managements.
本文主要研究结果如下:
1.研制开发了薄层基质栽培系统(Substrate Film Culture System, SFCS),基质厚度降至6.5cm,单株基质用量降至4.45 L/株。本文研究了薄层基质栽培系统在网纹甜瓜生产中的应用效果,筛选出了适宜基质和基质槽溢流孔高度,实现了网纹甜瓜薄层基质栽培系统的管理技术配套。研究结果表明,在薄层基质栽培系统条件下,网纹甜瓜生长发育和产量品质等均优于开口基质袋栽培系统;
2.构建了人工气候室用于甜瓜群体光合测定的体系,研究了温度、CO2等环境因子对网纹甜瓜群体光合作用速率的影响并进行了初步量化,本文也探索了根据群体光合速率确定适宜温室环境管理的方法。
3.研究了全生育期和膨瓜期不同基质水分含量对网纹甜瓜生长发育和产量品质的影响,确定了网纹甜瓜不同发育时期适宜的根际水分含量。
4.研究了坐果方式、坐果时间序列和热量与网纹甜瓜产量品质之间的关系,结果表明一株一果的整枝方式更有力于获得较高的商品产量和更好果实外观品质,坐果时间序列、坐果节位对春作和秋作甜瓜的产量品质均有显著影响,累积热量单位(Accumulated Thermal Unit,ΣTu)、积温(Accumulated Temperature,ΣT)与单瓜重(Fruit fresh weight,FFW)之间呈明显直线相关关系,相关方程分别为FFW=0.0513Σtu-385.01(r~2=0.997),FFW=0.8678ΣT-156.82(r~2=0.980)。
5.筛选和确定了网纹甜瓜主要生长指标的最优生长方程;利用修改后的现有的程序化机理模型对5季网纹甜瓜干物质生产进行了模拟,研究了不同栽培季节甜瓜的光能利用率。结果表明,所用模型能很好地模拟干物质生产、相对生长速度等指标。本文还探索了根据历史气候数据和模拟模型确定适宜栽培期的方法。
6.构建了基于生理分析和生长模拟的温室甜瓜生产管理软件,并在管理系统系统的实时化计算、模拟和决策等方面进行了探索,初步完成了温室甜瓜薄层基质生产系统的整体集成和构建工作。
Muskmelon production developed fast in the past two decade in China, soilless culture also applied gradually as an exercisable technology to muskmelon aims to solve problems exists in conventional culture and enhance yield and quality as well. However, problems appeared in soilless culture which embarrass the application and popularize recent years, such as no feasible soilless culture system, high substrate dosage increasing cost, management is still difficult to user, low standardization and precision in operation, etc.
Hereby, the thesis aims to research and develop new soilless culture system, study main relevant cultivation physiology, modelling main growth index, make muskmelon simulation model and management system for the culture system and integration all above into a new-style production system as a result.
The main results were followed:
1. A new-style system-Substrate Film Culture System (SFCS) was developed and was applied to muskmelon production. The substrate thickness was reduced to 6.5 cm and substrate dosage for per plant was reduced to 4.45 L with this system. Compare to bag system, SFCS get better results not only on growth and development, but also yield and quality. Furthermore, substrate and over fall position effect on growth and development were also studied and the optimal was got.
2. Analysis and measurement system for crop canopy photosynthesis rate with climate chamber was established in the thesis, temperature and CO2 influence on photosynthesis rate was studied and the effect was determined primarily. The method that determine optimal greenhouse temperature management bases on canopy photosynthesis was discussed as well.
3. Effect of substrate water content during fruit expanding stage and amount whole cultivation period respectively on growth, yield and quality were studied, appropriate water content value which can be a reference to production was primarily choosed.
4. The effect of fruit set number, set sequence as well as heat accumulation on muskmelon fruit weight and quality was also studied. The results indicated that one fruit per plant was propitious to get high commercial yield and especially better apparent fruit quality than more (two or three) fruits per plant. Fruit set and harvesting sequence as well as fruit set position influenced fruit weight and quality obviously. Heat accumulation was a main factor that determine muskmelon fruit fresh weight and the relation was almost positive linear, the relation was: FFW (Fruit fresh weight) = 0.0513Σtu (Accumulated thermal unit)– 385.01(r~2=0.997) and FFW=0.8678ΣT ( Accumulated temperature) - 156.82(r~2=0.980).
5. Optimal formula for main growth indexes such as leaf number, leaf area and plant height was selected and determined. One model that exit in a tomato model TOMSIM (Tomato Simulator) was recomposed and used to 5 crops biomass simulation, the results indicated that the model can simulation nuskmelon biomass production well and also a fine simulation result was get for relative growth rate. A method for selecting suitable muskmelon cultivation period according to Shanghai historical climate data and modelling results was attempted as well.
6. Management system for greenhouse muskmelon, mainly for substrate culture muskmelon was built and some real time results such as photosynthesis rate, fruit fresh weight, etc. can be attained which was beneficial for greenhouse and cultivation managements.
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