植物源性饲料添加剂的研制及其在猪中的应用
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摘要
抗生素作为饲料添加剂,对畜禽有保健促长作用。但会造成耐药菌株的大量产生和在动物体内残留,不可避免地出现危害人类健康等许多问题,如致畸、致癌、致突变等。鉴于此,欧盟、美、日等国或组织已立法,禁止抗生素在饲料中使用。现今,世界各地人民都在呼吁食品安全,绿色消费成为时尚和生活必需。在此大趋势与大背景下,绿色饲料添加剂的研究与开发成为迫切的需要。
本试验研制了两种植物源性饲料添加剂,即A剂和B剂。选取健康、体重约为55kg的杜×长×大育肥猪80头,按体重相近、公母各半的原则将其分为五组,分别是对照1组、对照2组、试验1组、试验2组和试验3组,每组2个重复,每个重复8头猪。基础饲粮按我国猪的现行饲养标准配制。在基础饲粮中加黄霉素后,喂对照1组猪;在基础饲粮中加益生素(麦可食)后,喂对照2组猪;在基础饲粮中加0.30%B剂后,喂试验1组猪;在基础饲粮中加0.15%A剂后,喂试验2组猪;在基础饲粮中加0.30%A剂后,喂试验3组。饲养试验期为40d(2006年3月28日～2006年5月7日)。
饲养试验的结果如下:①猪健康状况:对照1组猪腹泻频次为4;试验1组猪腹泻频次为2;其余组猪健康状况均良好。②猪增重情况:试验1、2组猪的日增重均显著地快于对照1组猪(P＜0.05);试验1、2、3组猪增重与对照2组猪无显著的差异(P＞0.05)。③饲料转化率:A剂可提高饲料转化率,比对照1组提高9.8%(0.05＜P＜0.1);④猪血液生化参数:试验2、3组猪血清GPT活性较对照1组分别降低了13.7%(P＜0.05)和15.1%(P＜0.01);试验3组猪血清GPT较对照2组降低了9.2%(P＜0.05)。试验3组猪血清GOT活性较对照1组提高了13.0%(P＜0.05);试验1、2组猪血清GOT活性较对照2组降低了14.4%(P＜0.05)。试验3组猪血清IgG含量较对照1组提高了22.4%(P＜0.05);与对照2组比较,试验1、2、3组猪血清IgG含量分别降低了35.0%(P＜0.01)、38.6%(P＜0.01)、20.4%(P＜0.05)。试验1、2组猪血清vLDL含量极显著(P＜0.01)地低于对照1、2组猪。与对照1、2组比较,试验1、2组猪血清TG含量分别降低了29%(P＜0.05)、32.3%(P＜0.05)与37.1%(P＜0.05)、40%(P＜0.05)。试验3组猪血清葡萄糖含量较对照1组降低了44.4%(P＜0.05),较对照2组降低了28.9%(P＜0.05),试验1组比对照2组提高了36.6%(P＜0.05)。⑤猪肉质指标:试验2组猪肌纤维直径较对照1组减小了5.9%(p＜0.05);试验2组猪肌肉大理石纹评分值较对照1组提高了15.8%(p＜0.05);试验2组猪肉滴水损失较对照2组降低了9.2%(p＜0.05);试验2组猪肉粗脂肪含量较对照2组提高了13.4%(p＜0.05);试验3组猪肉肌糖原含量较对照1组提高了10.92%(p＜0.05),较对照2组提高了12.7%(p＜0.05);各组猪背膘厚度、肌肉pH_(24)值、肉色等并无显著的差异(P＞0.05)。
根据以上一系列的试验结果可推断:①两种植物源性饲料添加剂,即A剂和B剂作为育肥猪保健促长剂的效果较抗生素黄霉素好,略优于益生素麦可食;②A剂作为育肥猪保健促长剂的效果好于B剂;③A剂在育肥猪饲粮中适宜添加量为0.15%。
As feed additives,antibiotics are benefit to health protection and growth promotion of animals.But that has resulted in happening of drug-resistant strains of bacteria and residual in animals.It is not avoid making many troubles on hurting human's health and so on.For example,it results in abnormality,canceration and transgenation and so on.Because of these,European Union,Unite States,Japan and the other countries or organizations have made laws to forbid using of antibiotics in diet.Now the peoples of the world are requiring safe foods.Green-consumption has become fashionable and essential in lives,under the big current and environmcnt, research and development of the green feed additives have become urgent.
In this study,two feed additives from plants are made and researched,they are A and B agent.According the fundamental rule——similar body weight,males and females being half in group respectively,80 healthy,three-way crossbred (Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire)finishing pigs weighting about 55kg were divided into 5 groups:control group 1,2 and experimental group1,2,3.Each group had two repetitions,each repetition 8 pigs.Basic diet was made according to recent pig's feeding standard in our country.The control 1 group pigs were fed to basal diet supplemented flavomycin(20mg/kg);the control 2 group pigs basal diet supplemented 0.15% probiotic(Max);the experimental group1 pigs basal diet supplemented 0.3%B agent;the experimental group 2 pigs basal diet supplemented 0.15%A agent;the experimental 3 group pigs basal diet supplemented 0.3%A agent.Formal feeding experiment peirod was 40 d(from March.28,2006 to May.7,2006).
Feeding.experimental results were as follow:①healthy state of pigs:the frequencies of diarrhea of the control 1 group pigs were 4;the frequencies of diarrhea of the experimental group1 were 2;the other group pigs were healthy.②weight gain:the average daily gain(ADG)of the experimental group 1, 2 pigs was markedly higher than the control 1 group pigs(p＜0.05);there were no significant differences(p＞0.05)in ADG between the experimental group1,2,3 pigs and the control group 2.③FCR:A agent could raise FCR,increase by 9.8%(0.05＜p＜0.1).④biochemical parameters in serum:the GPT activities in serum of the experimental group2,3 pigs wre lower than the control 1 group by 13.7% (p＜0.05)and 15.1%(p＜0.01)respectively;GPT activities in serum of the experimental group 3 pigs were lower than the control 2 group by 9.2% (p＜0.05).GOT activities in serum of the experimental group 3 pigs were higher than the control 1 group by13.0%(p＜0.05);GOT activities in serum of the experimental group 1,2 pigs were lower than the control 2 group by14.4%(p＜0.05) respectively.IgG concentrations in serum of the experimental group 3 pigs were higher than the control 1 group by22.4%(p＜0.05);IgG concentrations in serum of the experimental group 1,2,3 pigs were lower than the control 2 group by 35.0%(p＜0.01),38.6%(p＜0.01),20.4%(p＜0.05).vLDL concentrations in serum of the experimental group 1,2 pigs were markedly lower than the control 1,2 group(p＜0.01).Compared to the control 1,2 group,TG concentrations in serum of the experimental group 1,2 pigs were lower by 29%,32.3%(p＜0.05)and 37.1%, 40%(p＜0.05)respectively.GLU concentrations in serum of the experimental group 3 pigs were lower than the control 1 group by 44.4%(p＜0.05),lower than the control 2 group by 28.9%(p＜0.05),the experimental groupl were higher than the control 2 group by 36.6%(p＜0.05).⑤meat quality index:diameter of muscle fiber of the experimental group 2 pigs diminish by 5.9%(p＜0.05),compared to the control 1 group;muscle marbling of the experimental group 2 pigs was higher than the control 1 group by 15.8%(p＜0.05);drip loss of the experimental group 2 pigs was lower than the control 2 group by 9.2%(p＜0.05);EE of the experimental group 2 pigs was higher the control 2 group by 13.4%(p＜0.05);glycogen in muscle of the experimental group 3 pigs was higher than the control 1 group by10.92%(p＜0.05),higher than the control 2 group by 12.7%(p＜0.05);there were no significant differences(p＞0.05)among 5 groups in back-fat thickness,meat color and pH.
Based on above results the conclusion was made:①the effects of the two feed additives from plants(A and B agent)on health protection and growth promotion of swine are better than antibiotics(flavomycin),are also slightly better than probiotic (Max).②As feed additive for health protection and growth promotion,A agent is better than B agent.③Appropriate supplementaary amount of A agent in finishing pig diet is 0.15%.
本试验研制了两种植物源性饲料添加剂,即A剂和B剂。选取健康、体重约为55kg的杜×长×大育肥猪80头,按体重相近、公母各半的原则将其分为五组,分别是对照1组、对照2组、试验1组、试验2组和试验3组,每组2个重复,每个重复8头猪。基础饲粮按我国猪的现行饲养标准配制。在基础饲粮中加黄霉素后,喂对照1组猪;在基础饲粮中加益生素(麦可食)后,喂对照2组猪;在基础饲粮中加0.30%B剂后,喂试验1组猪;在基础饲粮中加0.15%A剂后,喂试验2组猪;在基础饲粮中加0.30%A剂后,喂试验3组。饲养试验期为40d(2006年3月28日～2006年5月7日)。
饲养试验的结果如下:①猪健康状况:对照1组猪腹泻频次为4;试验1组猪腹泻频次为2;其余组猪健康状况均良好。②猪增重情况:试验1、2组猪的日增重均显著地快于对照1组猪(P＜0.05);试验1、2、3组猪增重与对照2组猪无显著的差异(P＞0.05)。③饲料转化率:A剂可提高饲料转化率,比对照1组提高9.8%(0.05＜P＜0.1);④猪血液生化参数:试验2、3组猪血清GPT活性较对照1组分别降低了13.7%(P＜0.05)和15.1%(P＜0.01);试验3组猪血清GPT较对照2组降低了9.2%(P＜0.05)。试验3组猪血清GOT活性较对照1组提高了13.0%(P＜0.05);试验1、2组猪血清GOT活性较对照2组降低了14.4%(P＜0.05)。试验3组猪血清IgG含量较对照1组提高了22.4%(P＜0.05);与对照2组比较,试验1、2、3组猪血清IgG含量分别降低了35.0%(P＜0.01)、38.6%(P＜0.01)、20.4%(P＜0.05)。试验1、2组猪血清vLDL含量极显著(P＜0.01)地低于对照1、2组猪。与对照1、2组比较,试验1、2组猪血清TG含量分别降低了29%(P＜0.05)、32.3%(P＜0.05)与37.1%(P＜0.05)、40%(P＜0.05)。试验3组猪血清葡萄糖含量较对照1组降低了44.4%(P＜0.05),较对照2组降低了28.9%(P＜0.05),试验1组比对照2组提高了36.6%(P＜0.05)。⑤猪肉质指标:试验2组猪肌纤维直径较对照1组减小了5.9%(p＜0.05);试验2组猪肌肉大理石纹评分值较对照1组提高了15.8%(p＜0.05);试验2组猪肉滴水损失较对照2组降低了9.2%(p＜0.05);试验2组猪肉粗脂肪含量较对照2组提高了13.4%(p＜0.05);试验3组猪肉肌糖原含量较对照1组提高了10.92%(p＜0.05),较对照2组提高了12.7%(p＜0.05);各组猪背膘厚度、肌肉pH_(24)值、肉色等并无显著的差异(P＞0.05)。
根据以上一系列的试验结果可推断:①两种植物源性饲料添加剂,即A剂和B剂作为育肥猪保健促长剂的效果较抗生素黄霉素好,略优于益生素麦可食;②A剂作为育肥猪保健促长剂的效果好于B剂;③A剂在育肥猪饲粮中适宜添加量为0.15%。
As feed additives,antibiotics are benefit to health protection and growth promotion of animals.But that has resulted in happening of drug-resistant strains of bacteria and residual in animals.It is not avoid making many troubles on hurting human's health and so on.For example,it results in abnormality,canceration and transgenation and so on.Because of these,European Union,Unite States,Japan and the other countries or organizations have made laws to forbid using of antibiotics in diet.Now the peoples of the world are requiring safe foods.Green-consumption has become fashionable and essential in lives,under the big current and environmcnt, research and development of the green feed additives have become urgent.
In this study,two feed additives from plants are made and researched,they are A and B agent.According the fundamental rule——similar body weight,males and females being half in group respectively,80 healthy,three-way crossbred (Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire)finishing pigs weighting about 55kg were divided into 5 groups:control group 1,2 and experimental group1,2,3.Each group had two repetitions,each repetition 8 pigs.Basic diet was made according to recent pig's feeding standard in our country.The control 1 group pigs were fed to basal diet supplemented flavomycin(20mg/kg);the control 2 group pigs basal diet supplemented 0.15% probiotic(Max);the experimental group1 pigs basal diet supplemented 0.3%B agent;the experimental group 2 pigs basal diet supplemented 0.15%A agent;the experimental 3 group pigs basal diet supplemented 0.3%A agent.Formal feeding experiment peirod was 40 d(from March.28,2006 to May.7,2006).
Feeding.experimental results were as follow:①healthy state of pigs:the frequencies of diarrhea of the control 1 group pigs were 4;the frequencies of diarrhea of the experimental group1 were 2;the other group pigs were healthy.②weight gain:the average daily gain(ADG)of the experimental group 1, 2 pigs was markedly higher than the control 1 group pigs(p＜0.05);there were no significant differences(p＞0.05)in ADG between the experimental group1,2,3 pigs and the control group 2.③FCR:A agent could raise FCR,increase by 9.8%(0.05＜p＜0.1).④biochemical parameters in serum:the GPT activities in serum of the experimental group2,3 pigs wre lower than the control 1 group by 13.7% (p＜0.05)and 15.1%(p＜0.01)respectively;GPT activities in serum of the experimental group 3 pigs were lower than the control 2 group by 9.2% (p＜0.05).GOT activities in serum of the experimental group 3 pigs were higher than the control 1 group by13.0%(p＜0.05);GOT activities in serum of the experimental group 1,2 pigs were lower than the control 2 group by14.4%(p＜0.05) respectively.IgG concentrations in serum of the experimental group 3 pigs were higher than the control 1 group by22.4%(p＜0.05);IgG concentrations in serum of the experimental group 1,2,3 pigs were lower than the control 2 group by 35.0%(p＜0.01),38.6%(p＜0.01),20.4%(p＜0.05).vLDL concentrations in serum of the experimental group 1,2 pigs were markedly lower than the control 1,2 group(p＜0.01).Compared to the control 1,2 group,TG concentrations in serum of the experimental group 1,2 pigs were lower by 29%,32.3%(p＜0.05)and 37.1%, 40%(p＜0.05)respectively.GLU concentrations in serum of the experimental group 3 pigs were lower than the control 1 group by 44.4%(p＜0.05),lower than the control 2 group by 28.9%(p＜0.05),the experimental groupl were higher than the control 2 group by 36.6%(p＜0.05).⑤meat quality index:diameter of muscle fiber of the experimental group 2 pigs diminish by 5.9%(p＜0.05),compared to the control 1 group;muscle marbling of the experimental group 2 pigs was higher than the control 1 group by 15.8%(p＜0.05);drip loss of the experimental group 2 pigs was lower than the control 2 group by 9.2%(p＜0.05);EE of the experimental group 2 pigs was higher the control 2 group by 13.4%(p＜0.05);glycogen in muscle of the experimental group 3 pigs was higher than the control 1 group by10.92%(p＜0.05),higher than the control 2 group by 12.7%(p＜0.05);there were no significant differences(p＞0.05)among 5 groups in back-fat thickness,meat color and pH.
Based on above results the conclusion was made:①the effects of the two feed additives from plants(A and B agent)on health protection and growth promotion of swine are better than antibiotics(flavomycin),are also slightly better than probiotic (Max).②As feed additive for health protection and growth promotion,A agent is better than B agent.③Appropriate supplementaary amount of A agent in finishing pig diet is 0.15%.
引文
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