面向三角网格模型的直接数控编程系统研究
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摘要
随着数字化设计与制造技术的发展及其越来越广泛的工业应用,数字化曲面模型的构建与数控加工成为其核心环节。由于复杂曲面功能需求,使曲面模型的构建大多始于实物模型,曲面的三角网格模型表达已非常普遍,被广泛应用于快速原型制造中。然而,相比于较为成熟的参数曲面模型数控加工方法,基于曲面网格模型的直接数控加工系统研究则面临着一系列困难。本文基于曲面零件的三角网格模型,重点研究三角网格模型拓扑关系建立和偏置模型生成方法、偏置模型截面交点求取方法、曲线拟合算法等方法,实现数控加工代码生成及系统开发。本论文的主要内容包括：
1)全面调研基于三角网格模型的数控加工领域的国内外研究现状,分析该领域的关键问题,指明当前面向三角网格模型数控加工存在的难点问题,确定面向三角网格模型的数控加工技术的研究内容与实施方案。
2)深入研究三角网格模型的偏置模型生成方法,研究基于顶点法矢的偏置模型实现方法。在重构三角网格模型的拓扑关系的基础上,研究结合干涉判断的网格模型顶点法矢计算方法,研究实现高精度无干涉三角网格偏置模型的生成。
3)在建立精确偏置模型基础上,研究基于拓扑关系的截平面法,并结合截平面法研究走刀方式和截面间距的确定方法,研究基于模型拓扑关系和优化求取网格模型交点的方法,实现精确网格模型交点的求取。
4)基于截面法生成的网格模型交点,采用三次非均匀B样条插值法进行曲线拟合,并根据加工零件的曲面特征采用等参数离散确定步长,规划加工路径,生成加工代码。
5)在上述研究的基础上,基于Visual C++开发工具和OpenGL技术,开发出面向三角网格模型的直接数控加工系统,并通过若干个网格模型实例,验证该数控加工系统的可行性和有效性。
With the development of digital design and manufacturing technology and its increasingly wide range of industrial applications, the construction of digital surface models and CNC machining is becoming its core areas. More construction of surface model began in the physical model due to the complex surface functional requirements. the triangular mesh of the surface expression has been very popular and widely used for rapid prototyping. However, compared with more mature CNC machining methods of parametric surface model, the research of CNC machining system based on mesh model directly is facing a number of difficulties. In this paper, based on the STL triangular mesh models of model surfaces, we study the topological establishing of triangular mesh model and the generation of offset model, obtain intersection points of offset models using cutting plane method, the fitting of intersection points and so on, and generate NC code and system. The main work is detailed as follow:
1) Investigating current research state of NC manufacturing of triangular mesh model, analyzing the key problems of this area, and proposing research work and an NC manufacturing strategy for triangular mesh model.
2) Investigating generation method of offset triangular mesh model which is proposed and realized based on vertex offset. Investigating calculation method of vertex vector and judging method of interference on base of establishing reasonable data structure of triangular mesh model, and creating high precision as well as non-interference offset triangular mesh model.
3) Investigating the cutting plane method based on topological after creating precision offset triangular mesh model and studying the tool path planning and manufacturing interval planning. Investigating and putting forward the improvement of calculation method of intersection points and realizing the accurate intersection method.
4) Interpolating intersection points by Three times the uniform B-spline and calculating step length by iso-parameters approach, planning tool path according to the characteristics of the surface of parts and generating NC code.
5) On the basis of the above research, and through VC++6.0software and OpenGL technology, a NC manufacturing system for triangular mesh model was developed, and the feasibility and stability of the system was proved by experiment.
1)全面调研基于三角网格模型的数控加工领域的国内外研究现状,分析该领域的关键问题,指明当前面向三角网格模型数控加工存在的难点问题,确定面向三角网格模型的数控加工技术的研究内容与实施方案。
2)深入研究三角网格模型的偏置模型生成方法,研究基于顶点法矢的偏置模型实现方法。在重构三角网格模型的拓扑关系的基础上,研究结合干涉判断的网格模型顶点法矢计算方法,研究实现高精度无干涉三角网格偏置模型的生成。
3)在建立精确偏置模型基础上,研究基于拓扑关系的截平面法,并结合截平面法研究走刀方式和截面间距的确定方法,研究基于模型拓扑关系和优化求取网格模型交点的方法,实现精确网格模型交点的求取。
4)基于截面法生成的网格模型交点,采用三次非均匀B样条插值法进行曲线拟合,并根据加工零件的曲面特征采用等参数离散确定步长,规划加工路径,生成加工代码。
5)在上述研究的基础上,基于Visual C++开发工具和OpenGL技术,开发出面向三角网格模型的直接数控加工系统,并通过若干个网格模型实例,验证该数控加工系统的可行性和有效性。
With the development of digital design and manufacturing technology and its increasingly wide range of industrial applications, the construction of digital surface models and CNC machining is becoming its core areas. More construction of surface model began in the physical model due to the complex surface functional requirements. the triangular mesh of the surface expression has been very popular and widely used for rapid prototyping. However, compared with more mature CNC machining methods of parametric surface model, the research of CNC machining system based on mesh model directly is facing a number of difficulties. In this paper, based on the STL triangular mesh models of model surfaces, we study the topological establishing of triangular mesh model and the generation of offset model, obtain intersection points of offset models using cutting plane method, the fitting of intersection points and so on, and generate NC code and system. The main work is detailed as follow:
1) Investigating current research state of NC manufacturing of triangular mesh model, analyzing the key problems of this area, and proposing research work and an NC manufacturing strategy for triangular mesh model.
2) Investigating generation method of offset triangular mesh model which is proposed and realized based on vertex offset. Investigating calculation method of vertex vector and judging method of interference on base of establishing reasonable data structure of triangular mesh model, and creating high precision as well as non-interference offset triangular mesh model.
3) Investigating the cutting plane method based on topological after creating precision offset triangular mesh model and studying the tool path planning and manufacturing interval planning. Investigating and putting forward the improvement of calculation method of intersection points and realizing the accurate intersection method.
4) Interpolating intersection points by Three times the uniform B-spline and calculating step length by iso-parameters approach, planning tool path according to the characteristics of the surface of parts and generating NC code.
5) On the basis of the above research, and through VC++6.0software and OpenGL technology, a NC manufacturing system for triangular mesh model was developed, and the feasibility and stability of the system was proved by experiment.
引文
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[2]胡庆夕,蔡昊,徐高春,陆齐.面向STL的数控加工方法研究与应用[J].机电一体化,2008,14(11)：51-53,59
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[4]孙殿柱,范述鑫,李延瑞,等.三角网格细分曲面数控加工刀轨快速生成算法[J].农业机械学报,2009,(3)：218-221
[5]黄常标,江开勇.STL模型加工轨迹生成研究及发展方向[J].机械设计与制造,2009,(12)：233-235
[6]范立成,杜志江,孙立宁.三轴摆动磨削雕刻曲面刀具轨迹生成算法[J].计算机集成制造系统,2008,14(7)：1417-1420
[7]朱虎,张利芳.STL数据模型粗加工刀具轨迹生成[J].中北大学学报：自然科学版,2010,(2)：100-103
[8]卜云峰,孙全平,陈小岗,等.基于STL数据的数控加工刀轨快速生成算法[J].工程图学学报,2007,28(5)：142-147
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[10]Cha-Soo, Jun,Dong-SooKim, and Sehyung Park. A new curve-based approach to polyhedral machining[J].Computer-Aided Design,2002,34(5):379-389
[11]Dong-Soo Kim,Cha-Soo Jun and Sehyung Park.Tool path generation for clean-up machining by a curve-based approach[J].Computer-Aided Design,2005,37(9):967-973
[12]Hwang J S. Interference free tool-path generation in the NC machining of parametric compound surfaces[J].Computer-Aided Design,1992,24(12):667-676
[13]孟兰会.基于协调映射的网格曲面轨迹规划策略研究[D].大连：大连理工大学,2006(6)
[14]C S Jun, D S Kim, S Park. A new curve-based approach to polyhedral machining[J].Computer-Aided Design,2002,34(5):379-389
[15]朱虎,李建雨.基于顶点偏置的STL模型刀具轨迹生成[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2007,26(2)：273-275
[16]Sang C. Park. Sculptured surface machining using triangular mesh slicing[J].Computer-Aided Design,2004,36(3):279-288
[17]曾晓华,刘静华,闫光荣.基于STL数据模型的刀具轨迹生成[J].工程图学学报,2002(1)：8-14
[18]高洪伟,王亚平.基Z-map网格三轴加工无干涉刀具轨迹的加速算法[J].工程图学学报,2005(3)：168-172
[19]Zhang Zhengyu, Ding Yucheng and Hong Jun. A new hollowing process for rapid prototype models [J]. Rapid Prototyping Journal,2004,10(3):166-175
[20]Xiuzhi Qu. Raster milling tool-path generation from STL files [J]. Rapid Prototyping Journal,2006,4(11):4-11
[21]Yunfeng Bu, Quanping Sun and Xiaogang Chen. Research on the Algorithm of Tool Path Rapid Generation for NC Machining of Molar Prosthesis [J]. IEEE.2007,3(7): 525-528
[22]刘杰,莫健华,黄树槐.金属板材无模成形加工轨迹生成的研究[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2003,15(12)：1502-1505
[23]Bahattin Koc and Yuan-Shin Lee. Non-uniform offsetting and hollowing objects by using biarcs fitting for rapid prototyping processes[J].Computers in Industry,2002, 47(1):1-23
[24]Su-Jin Kim, Dong-Yoon Lee, Min-Yang Yang. Offset Triangular Mesh Using the Multiple Normal Vectors of a Vertex[J].Computer-Aided Design and Applications, 2004,1(1-4):285-291
[25]李占利.基于STL的快速分层处理软件的研发.西安科技学院学报,2001(9)：263-267
[26]李鹏南,陈安华,彭成章.Pro/E环境下自适应分层切片算法的研究与实现[J].湖南科技大学学报：自然科学版,2007,22(2)：81-84
[27]杨文涛,韩明,肖跃加,黄树槐.基于STL格式的实体分割[J].中国机械工程,2001,12(6),651-654
[28]潘海鹏,周天瑞,朱根松,胡世飞.STL模型切片轮廓数据的生成算法研究[J].中国机械工程,2007,18(17)：2076-2079
[29]杨光,刘伟军,王维,田凤杰.STL格式文件拓扑重建及快速切片算法研究[J].现代制造工程,2009,(10)：32-35
[30]赵彦珍,张卫华.基于STL格式的三维电磁场有限元自动剖分方法[J].高压电器,2002,38(6)：12-15,19
[31]李占利,基于STL的快速分层处理软件的研发[J].西安科技学院学报。2001,21(3)：263-267
[32]赵保军,汪苏,陈五一.STL数据模型的快速切片算法[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2004,30(4)：329-333
[33]胡德洲,李占利,李涤尘等.基于STL模型几何特征分类的快速分层算法研究阴[J].西安交通大学学报,2000,34(1)：37-40
[34]朱君,郭戈,颜永年.快速成形制造中基于模型连续性的快速分层算法研究[J].中国机械工程,2000,11(5)：549-553
[35]唐日强,郝长中,孙晓颖,等.基于分组的切片软件研究[J].辽宁科技学院学报,2005,7(4)：25-26,11
[36]陈维闯,宋丹路.快速原型制造软件系统关键技术研究[J].浙江工业大学学报,2008,36(3)：316-320
[37]李仲阳,谢存禧,杨家红.基于STL文件的快速成形分层算法与毗邻拓扑信息的快速提取[J].计算机工程与运用,2002,38(7)：32-35,79
[38]赵歆波,张定华,熊光彩等.基于散列的STL拓扑信患重建方法[J].机械科学与技术,2002,21(5)：827-832
[39]Jan Hradek, Martin Kuchar, Vaclav Skala. Hash functions and triangular mesh reconstruction[J]. Computers & Geosciences,2003,(29):741-751
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