重庆市北碚区城区公园植物景观美景度研究
|
摘要
城市公园的植物景观因其具有的景观视觉功能、生态功能和社会功能,是整个城市公园景观乃至城市景观的精髓所在,人们在景观优美的绿地中可以放松心情,对改善和提高人们的生活质量起着及其重要的作用。
一个完美的公园绿地植物造景必须具备科学性与艺术性两个方面的高度统一,既要满足植物与环境在生态适应性上的统一,又要通过艺术构图原理体现植物个体及群体形式美及人在欣赏时所产生的意境美。因此,植物造景具有复杂性,营造一个优美的植物景观,既涉及到植物本身的观赏性、植物大小、形状、质感、色彩等美学特征的艺术组合,又涉及到植物群落理论和植物对立地环境条件的要求。所以公园绿地质量艺术水平的高低,很大程度上取决于园林植物的选择和配置问题。
本文运用视觉景观的质量评价方法中最为常见的心理物理模式(psychophysical paradigm),研究城市公园植物景观的审美倾向,并分析了影响其美学价值的景观因素。采用心理物理学景观评价方法中的美景度评价法(SBE法),获得各种植物景观的美景度值,并对其植物景观构成要素评分,建立回归模型,对植物景观造景特点和影响因子进行评价分析,得出影响各类植物景观美景度的因子和重庆市北碚区城区公园植物景观的最佳配置模式。具体内容如下：
1、在对重庆市北碚区城区4个公园进行调查后,对公园植物景观按照复合层类、灌丛类、疏林草地类、邻水绿化类、立体绿化类植物景观进行实地拍照调查,并记录植物种类及配置模式。
2、以重庆市北碚区城区4个公园的植物景观为评价对象,选择四组评价者,运用心理物理模式SBE法对其进行打分评价,并获得植物景观的美景度值,从而进一步分析影响植物景观美景度的因素。
3、对北碚公园5类植物景观得到的美景度(SBE)值和各景观要素的量化值,进行回归分析,寻找其中对评价影响显著的因子,用回归分析法分别建立美景度评价模型,并对其进行最佳配置模式案例分析。
4、最后通过本文的研究,归纳出各类植物景观的影响因子,并讨论了心理物理模式SBE景观评价方法在评价过程中的限制因素和存在的不足。
Landscape of the city park because of its ecological features and landscape of vision and social functions, is the whole city park and the urban landscape the pith. The scenery graceful greenery can relax mood, and to improve and enhance the quality of life and its important role to play.
A fine park green plants must have made the scientific and artistic two aspects of high degree of unification, and content of the ecological environment in the adaptation of plants and the reunification, and through art design principles embodied plant individuals and groups in the catalogue, and see what the meaning of the united states, therefore, to build a plant of the complexity. Create a beautiful landscape, concerns plants, landscape of a plant size, shape, sense of quality, colour, and aesthetic characteristics of art, and related to plant vegetation between theory and in environmental terms. So the quality of the land was art and a large extent depend on a garden plant of the select and configure the problem.
This paper uses visual landscape quality evalution method of the most common psychological physical modle (psychophysical paradigm)study of urban park landscape aesthetic tedency, affecting aesthetic tendency, is affecting aesthetic value landscape factors, to obtain a variety of plant landscape beauty degree of its value, and plant landscape elements rating, a regression model, landscape plant characteristics and to evaluate impact factor analysis, concluding the influence degree of all kinds of plant landscape beauty and Chongqing Beibei factor park green space landscape plant of the optimal contiguration mode.specific content as follows:
1. Investigation around four park after to investigation in Chongqing Beibei, landscape plant according to the composite layer type, thickets kind, dredging greening trees land types, such, three-dimensional greening kind plant landscape field investigation and record pictures plant species and configuration mode.
2. Taking Chongqing Beibei four parks city landscape plant as evaluation objects, choose four groups use the psychological physical model, the method of SBE to rank evaluation, and won the beauty of the landscape plant, thus further analysis intensity of influence factors of landscape plant scenery degrees.
3. Five types of plant landscape was beautiful degrees (sbe) value and the landscape factors in quantitative values, a regression for them to evaluate the impact of factors, in regression:to establish the evaluation model beautiful and best mode of case studies.
4. Finally, the research in this paper induces various plant landscape, the impact factor, and discussed the psychological physical model SBE landscape evaluation methods in the process of evaluating the limiting factors and deficiency.
一个完美的公园绿地植物造景必须具备科学性与艺术性两个方面的高度统一,既要满足植物与环境在生态适应性上的统一,又要通过艺术构图原理体现植物个体及群体形式美及人在欣赏时所产生的意境美。因此,植物造景具有复杂性,营造一个优美的植物景观,既涉及到植物本身的观赏性、植物大小、形状、质感、色彩等美学特征的艺术组合,又涉及到植物群落理论和植物对立地环境条件的要求。所以公园绿地质量艺术水平的高低,很大程度上取决于园林植物的选择和配置问题。
本文运用视觉景观的质量评价方法中最为常见的心理物理模式(psychophysical paradigm),研究城市公园植物景观的审美倾向,并分析了影响其美学价值的景观因素。采用心理物理学景观评价方法中的美景度评价法(SBE法),获得各种植物景观的美景度值,并对其植物景观构成要素评分,建立回归模型,对植物景观造景特点和影响因子进行评价分析,得出影响各类植物景观美景度的因子和重庆市北碚区城区公园植物景观的最佳配置模式。具体内容如下：
1、在对重庆市北碚区城区4个公园进行调查后,对公园植物景观按照复合层类、灌丛类、疏林草地类、邻水绿化类、立体绿化类植物景观进行实地拍照调查,并记录植物种类及配置模式。
2、以重庆市北碚区城区4个公园的植物景观为评价对象,选择四组评价者,运用心理物理模式SBE法对其进行打分评价,并获得植物景观的美景度值,从而进一步分析影响植物景观美景度的因素。
3、对北碚公园5类植物景观得到的美景度(SBE)值和各景观要素的量化值,进行回归分析,寻找其中对评价影响显著的因子,用回归分析法分别建立美景度评价模型,并对其进行最佳配置模式案例分析。
4、最后通过本文的研究,归纳出各类植物景观的影响因子,并讨论了心理物理模式SBE景观评价方法在评价过程中的限制因素和存在的不足。
Landscape of the city park because of its ecological features and landscape of vision and social functions, is the whole city park and the urban landscape the pith. The scenery graceful greenery can relax mood, and to improve and enhance the quality of life and its important role to play.
A fine park green plants must have made the scientific and artistic two aspects of high degree of unification, and content of the ecological environment in the adaptation of plants and the reunification, and through art design principles embodied plant individuals and groups in the catalogue, and see what the meaning of the united states, therefore, to build a plant of the complexity. Create a beautiful landscape, concerns plants, landscape of a plant size, shape, sense of quality, colour, and aesthetic characteristics of art, and related to plant vegetation between theory and in environmental terms. So the quality of the land was art and a large extent depend on a garden plant of the select and configure the problem.
This paper uses visual landscape quality evalution method of the most common psychological physical modle (psychophysical paradigm)study of urban park landscape aesthetic tedency, affecting aesthetic tendency, is affecting aesthetic value landscape factors, to obtain a variety of plant landscape beauty degree of its value, and plant landscape elements rating, a regression model, landscape plant characteristics and to evaluate impact factor analysis, concluding the influence degree of all kinds of plant landscape beauty and Chongqing Beibei factor park green space landscape plant of the optimal contiguration mode.specific content as follows:
1. Investigation around four park after to investigation in Chongqing Beibei, landscape plant according to the composite layer type, thickets kind, dredging greening trees land types, such, three-dimensional greening kind plant landscape field investigation and record pictures plant species and configuration mode.
2. Taking Chongqing Beibei four parks city landscape plant as evaluation objects, choose four groups use the psychological physical model, the method of SBE to rank evaluation, and won the beauty of the landscape plant, thus further analysis intensity of influence factors of landscape plant scenery degrees.
3. Five types of plant landscape was beautiful degrees (sbe) value and the landscape factors in quantitative values, a regression for them to evaluate the impact of factors, in regression:to establish the evaluation model beautiful and best mode of case studies.
4. Finally, the research in this paper induces various plant landscape, the impact factor, and discussed the psychological physical model SBE landscape evaluation methods in the process of evaluating the limiting factors and deficiency.
引文
[1]苏雪痕.植物造景[M].中国林业出版社.1994
[2]俞孔坚.自然风景评价研究法研究-BIB-LCJ审美评判测量法[J].北京林业大学学报,1988,10(2)：1-7
[3]罗茂婵,苏德荣,韩烈保.居住区园林植物美景度评价研究[J].林业科技开发,2005,(19)：81-83
[4]刘滨谊.现代景观规划设计(第二版)[M].北京.中国林业出版社,2005：35-78
[5]陈宇.景观评价方法研究[J].室内设计与装修,2005,(3)：12-15
[6]C Y Jim. Soil Characteristics and Management in an Urban Park in Hong kong[J].Environmental Management,1998,22(5):683-695. Li Weifeng,Ouyang Zhiyun,Meng Xuesong,et al.Plant species composition in relation to green cover configuration and function of urban parks in Beijing,China[J].Ecological Research,2006(21):221-237.
[7]王小德等.城市园林绿化特色性研究.浙江林学院学报,2000,17(2)：150-154
[8]张宪权.植物配置应兼顾花色与时令[J].湖南林业,2006(3)：11
[9]东芹等.园林植物景观评价方法及其应用.浙江林学院学报,2001,18(4)：394-397
[10]I冻延芳,谷会欠.浅谈北方城市绿地的植物配置[J].吉林农业,2010(03)：78-79
[11]冯玉,李晓琼.城市绿地设计对城市生活的影响[J].山西建筑,2008(17)：344-345
[12]刘俊,蒲蔚然.城市绿地系统规划与设计[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2003,23-28
[13]李淑凤.北京公园绿地中的植物配置[J].中国园林,1995,11(3)：32-37
[14]胡长龙.园林规划设计[M].北京：中国农业出版社,2002,54-61
[15]赵杰.关于植物造景的分析[J].安徽农学通报,2008,14(16)
[16]周维权.中国古典园林史(第二版)[M].清华大学出版社,2000
[17]侯银梅.植物造景在现代城市景观设计中的应用[J].山西林业技,2005(3)
[18]汤振兴,叶云.园林植物景观空间设计[J].北方园艺,2007(9)：148-150
[19]褚江花.浅谈当前园,林植物造景[J].2008,4
[20]赵艳华,王飞.不同景观风格住宅区植物配置问题研究.陕西农业科学,2008(5)： 103-105
[21]王永昌.城市绿化中植物的选择和配置[J].江苏林业科技,2009(12)
[22]冯东升,谭杨帆.城市中的园林植物配置[J].绿色大世界-绿色技,2009(8)
[23]冯宗田.城市园林建设现状及植物配置[J].中国新技术新产品,2009(21)：192
[24]夏青.浅议城市园林植物景观的营造[J].科技创新导报,2009(36)：101-102
[25]Costanza,R.andH.E.Daily1992.Natural Capital and Sustainable Development[J]. Condervationn Biology.(6):37-46
[26]AIexisA.Alvey.Promoting and Presrving biediversity in the urban forest[J].Urban Forestry&Urban Greening 5(2006),195-201
[27]Mitohell Aide.An integrated approach for measuring urban forest restion success[J]. Urban Forestry&Urban Greening,2006,(4):55-68
[28]魏华.深圳市宝安公园植物配置研究[J].广东林业科技,2009(4)：31-38
[29]王艳,代保清等.沈阳城市公园绿化树种的现状研究[J].沈阳师范大学学报,2006,24(4)：486-489
[30]陈自新,苏雪痕等.北京城市园林绿化生态效益的研究[J].中国园林,1998,14(1)：56-57
[31]孟国忠.雨花台烈士陵园植物景观空间结构及美景度评价研究[D].南京：南京林业大学,2007
[32]许柏树.层次分析法原理[M].天津：天津大学出版社,1988
[33]唐东芹,杨学军,许东新.园林植物景观评价方法及其应用[J].浙江林学院学报2001,18(4)：394—397
[34]张硕,陈其兵,侯万儒,高素萍.居住区环境绿化质量的评价方案与方法[J].西华师范大学学报(自然科学版)2005,3：93-96
[35]罗茂婵,苏德荣,韩烈保,刘泽良.居住区园林植物美景度评价[J].林业科技开发,风景园林林,2005,19(6)：81-83
[36]石平.SBE法评价沈阳市典型居住庭院的植物配置效果[J].沈阳农业大学学报2005,36(4)：471-474
[37]周春玲,张启翔,孙迎坤.居住区绿地美景度评价[J].中国园林,2006(4)：62-67
[38]杨懿琨,陈亮明,周德明.基于SBE法的长沙市居住区植物景观量化评价[J].中南林调规划,2007,26(1)：34-38
[39]翁殊斐,柯峰,黎彩敏.用AHP法和SBE法研究广州公园植物景观单元[J].中国园林.
[40]Ali Ozbolen, ArZu Kalin. The semantic value of Plants in the Perception of spaee.Building and Environment 2001,36:257-79
[41]杨海军,祝延成等.草地景观视觉效果的定量评价研究.草业学报.2004,8：106-111
[42]陈灿,林勇明,林晗,洪滔,刘尚智.用SBE法进行福州市公园植物配置研究[J].福建建筑,2009
[43]刘维斯,颜玉娟,都晓璐.城市公园植物景观评价指标体系建立方法研究[J].山西建筑,2009,5：343-344
[44]陈宇.景观评价方法研究[J].室内设计与装修,2005,(3)：12-15
[45]周春玲.居住区绿地的美景度评价.硕士学位论文.北京：北京林业大学,2003：65-68
[46]俞孔坚.风景园林景观评价方法[J].中国园林,1986,2(3)：39-40
[47]王雁等.心理物理学方法在国外森林景观评价中的应用.林业科学,1999,35(5)：110-117
[48]Hull,B.R.Iv,G.J.Buhyoff,T.C.Daniel,Measurement of Scenic Beauty of forest environment:some empirical tests.Forest Sci.,1977,23:151-160
[49]Hull,R,B.Buhyoff,G,J.and Danial,T,C.Measurement of seenie beauty:the law of comparative judgment and science beauty estimation proees.Forest.Seience.1984,(4):30-38.
[49]袁烽.都市景观的评价方法研究[J].城市规划汇刊,1996,6：46-49
[50]陈宇.城市景观的视觉评价.南京：东南大学出版社,2006,8：113
[51]Zube,E.H.,Pitt,D.C.and Anderson,T.W.,.Perception and perdiction of scenic resource values of the northeast.In:landscape Assessment:Values,Perceptions,and Resources.Dowdern,Hutchinson and Ross Stroudsbury,PA,1975:367.
[52]Shurrleworth,S.The use of photographs as an environment perception medium in studies.j.Environ.Mgmt,1980,11:61-67
[53]Jackson,R.H.and Hudman,L.E.Assessment of the environmental impact of high voltage power transmission lines.Journal of Environmental Management,1978,6:153-170.
[54]Brush,R.O.The arreactiveness of woodlands:Perceptions of fores landowners in Massachusetts.Forest Science.1979,25:495-506.
[55]Shuttleworth,s.1980,The use of photographs as an environment perception medium in landscape studies[J],Environment Manage,(11):61-67.
[56]Daniel,T.C.and Vining,J.Methodological issues in the assessment of landscape quality.In:Behavior and the Natural Environment,New York;Plenum Press.1983,1 (6).
[57]李文敏.宝鸡天台山风景名胜区森林景观与评价.中国园林.1998(06).北京：中国风景园林学会.
[58]罗茂蝉,韩烈保,刘泽良.居住区园林植物美景度评价研究.林业科技开发2005(06)：81
[2]俞孔坚.自然风景评价研究法研究-BIB-LCJ审美评判测量法[J].北京林业大学学报,1988,10(2)：1-7
[3]罗茂婵,苏德荣,韩烈保.居住区园林植物美景度评价研究[J].林业科技开发,2005,(19)：81-83
[4]刘滨谊.现代景观规划设计(第二版)[M].北京.中国林业出版社,2005：35-78
[5]陈宇.景观评价方法研究[J].室内设计与装修,2005,(3)：12-15
[6]C Y Jim. Soil Characteristics and Management in an Urban Park in Hong kong[J].Environmental Management,1998,22(5):683-695. Li Weifeng,Ouyang Zhiyun,Meng Xuesong,et al.Plant species composition in relation to green cover configuration and function of urban parks in Beijing,China[J].Ecological Research,2006(21):221-237.
[7]王小德等.城市园林绿化特色性研究.浙江林学院学报,2000,17(2)：150-154
[8]张宪权.植物配置应兼顾花色与时令[J].湖南林业,2006(3)：11
[9]东芹等.园林植物景观评价方法及其应用.浙江林学院学报,2001,18(4)：394-397
[10]I冻延芳,谷会欠.浅谈北方城市绿地的植物配置[J].吉林农业,2010(03)：78-79
[11]冯玉,李晓琼.城市绿地设计对城市生活的影响[J].山西建筑,2008(17)：344-345
[12]刘俊,蒲蔚然.城市绿地系统规划与设计[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2003,23-28
[13]李淑凤.北京公园绿地中的植物配置[J].中国园林,1995,11(3)：32-37
[14]胡长龙.园林规划设计[M].北京：中国农业出版社,2002,54-61
[15]赵杰.关于植物造景的分析[J].安徽农学通报,2008,14(16)
[16]周维权.中国古典园林史(第二版)[M].清华大学出版社,2000
[17]侯银梅.植物造景在现代城市景观设计中的应用[J].山西林业技,2005(3)
[18]汤振兴,叶云.园林植物景观空间设计[J].北方园艺,2007(9)：148-150
[19]褚江花.浅谈当前园,林植物造景[J].2008,4
[20]赵艳华,王飞.不同景观风格住宅区植物配置问题研究.陕西农业科学,2008(5)： 103-105
[21]王永昌.城市绿化中植物的选择和配置[J].江苏林业科技,2009(12)
[22]冯东升,谭杨帆.城市中的园林植物配置[J].绿色大世界-绿色技,2009(8)
[23]冯宗田.城市园林建设现状及植物配置[J].中国新技术新产品,2009(21)：192
[24]夏青.浅议城市园林植物景观的营造[J].科技创新导报,2009(36)：101-102
[25]Costanza,R.andH.E.Daily1992.Natural Capital and Sustainable Development[J]. Condervationn Biology.(6):37-46
[26]AIexisA.Alvey.Promoting and Presrving biediversity in the urban forest[J].Urban Forestry&Urban Greening 5(2006),195-201
[27]Mitohell Aide.An integrated approach for measuring urban forest restion success[J]. Urban Forestry&Urban Greening,2006,(4):55-68
[28]魏华.深圳市宝安公园植物配置研究[J].广东林业科技,2009(4)：31-38
[29]王艳,代保清等.沈阳城市公园绿化树种的现状研究[J].沈阳师范大学学报,2006,24(4)：486-489
[30]陈自新,苏雪痕等.北京城市园林绿化生态效益的研究[J].中国园林,1998,14(1)：56-57
[31]孟国忠.雨花台烈士陵园植物景观空间结构及美景度评价研究[D].南京：南京林业大学,2007
[32]许柏树.层次分析法原理[M].天津：天津大学出版社,1988
[33]唐东芹,杨学军,许东新.园林植物景观评价方法及其应用[J].浙江林学院学报2001,18(4)：394—397
[34]张硕,陈其兵,侯万儒,高素萍.居住区环境绿化质量的评价方案与方法[J].西华师范大学学报(自然科学版)2005,3：93-96
[35]罗茂婵,苏德荣,韩烈保,刘泽良.居住区园林植物美景度评价[J].林业科技开发,风景园林林,2005,19(6)：81-83
[36]石平.SBE法评价沈阳市典型居住庭院的植物配置效果[J].沈阳农业大学学报2005,36(4)：471-474
[37]周春玲,张启翔,孙迎坤.居住区绿地美景度评价[J].中国园林,2006(4)：62-67
[38]杨懿琨,陈亮明,周德明.基于SBE法的长沙市居住区植物景观量化评价[J].中南林调规划,2007,26(1)：34-38
[39]翁殊斐,柯峰,黎彩敏.用AHP法和SBE法研究广州公园植物景观单元[J].中国园林.
[40]Ali Ozbolen, ArZu Kalin. The semantic value of Plants in the Perception of spaee.Building and Environment 2001,36:257-79
[41]杨海军,祝延成等.草地景观视觉效果的定量评价研究.草业学报.2004,8：106-111
[42]陈灿,林勇明,林晗,洪滔,刘尚智.用SBE法进行福州市公园植物配置研究[J].福建建筑,2009
[43]刘维斯,颜玉娟,都晓璐.城市公园植物景观评价指标体系建立方法研究[J].山西建筑,2009,5：343-344
[44]陈宇.景观评价方法研究[J].室内设计与装修,2005,(3)：12-15
[45]周春玲.居住区绿地的美景度评价.硕士学位论文.北京：北京林业大学,2003：65-68
[46]俞孔坚.风景园林景观评价方法[J].中国园林,1986,2(3)：39-40
[47]王雁等.心理物理学方法在国外森林景观评价中的应用.林业科学,1999,35(5)：110-117
[48]Hull,B.R.Iv,G.J.Buhyoff,T.C.Daniel,Measurement of Scenic Beauty of forest environment:some empirical tests.Forest Sci.,1977,23:151-160
[49]Hull,R,B.Buhyoff,G,J.and Danial,T,C.Measurement of seenie beauty:the law of comparative judgment and science beauty estimation proees.Forest.Seience.1984,(4):30-38.
[49]袁烽.都市景观的评价方法研究[J].城市规划汇刊,1996,6：46-49
[50]陈宇.城市景观的视觉评价.南京：东南大学出版社,2006,8：113
[51]Zube,E.H.,Pitt,D.C.and Anderson,T.W.,.Perception and perdiction of scenic resource values of the northeast.In:landscape Assessment:Values,Perceptions,and Resources.Dowdern,Hutchinson and Ross Stroudsbury,PA,1975:367.
[52]Shurrleworth,S.The use of photographs as an environment perception medium in studies.j.Environ.Mgmt,1980,11:61-67
[53]Jackson,R.H.and Hudman,L.E.Assessment of the environmental impact of high voltage power transmission lines.Journal of Environmental Management,1978,6:153-170.
[54]Brush,R.O.The arreactiveness of woodlands:Perceptions of fores landowners in Massachusetts.Forest Science.1979,25:495-506.
[55]Shuttleworth,s.1980,The use of photographs as an environment perception medium in landscape studies[J],Environment Manage,(11):61-67.
[56]Daniel,T.C.and Vining,J.Methodological issues in the assessment of landscape quality.In:Behavior and the Natural Environment,New York;Plenum Press.1983,1 (6).
[57]李文敏.宝鸡天台山风景名胜区森林景观与评价.中国园林.1998(06).北京：中国风景园林学会.
[58]罗茂蝉,韩烈保,刘泽良.居住区园林植物美景度评价研究.林业科技开发2005(06)：81