信源定位的可观测性及跟踪技术研究
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摘要
在现代高科技战争中,雷达、声纳等有源探测系统受到了越来越大的威肋、。由于利用目标辐射源或者外辐射源辐射电磁信息的信源探测定位与跟踪系统具有自身隐蔽、探测距离远和高度的独立性等优点,因此,作为有源探测系统的有益补充,信源定位与跟踪系统具有重要的应用价值,它对于提高系统的生存能力和作战能力具有重要作用。由于传统的信源定位与跟踪方法的定位时间较长、定位精度较低,并且定位精度对测量误差非常敏感,难于满足实际战术应用的要求,因此,探索高精度、高速度的定位与跟踪体制和技术就成为信源定位与跟踪技术研究的必然趋势和要求。
论文的研究工作紧密围绕信源定位与跟踪系统的关键问题展开。
首先,本文研究了信源定位与跟踪系统的数学模型及其工作原理。分别得出了基于TDOA信息、基于外辐射源空域信息、基于辐射源频域和空域信息、基于频域和时域信息的信源定位与跟踪系统数学模型。
本文提出了信源定位与跟踪系统的定位跟踪算法。一方面,提出一种将Chan算法与文化算法相结合的算法,利用该算法解决TDOA定位估计中遇到的非线性最优化问题。另一方面,针对传统扩展卡尔曼滤波方法的缺点分别研究了MGEKF(修正增益的扩展卡尔曼滤波)算法、MVEKF(修正协方差扩展卡尔曼滤波)算法等定位与跟踪算法,并将这些方法的性能进行了仿真比较。
其次,分析了信源定位与跟踪系统的可观测性,分别得到了利用时间差信息的信源定位与跟踪系统、利用角度信息或者角度和多普勒频率信息的基于几何学原理信源定位与跟踪系统、利用时间差和多普勒频率信息的基于质点运动学原理的信源定位与跟踪系统的可观测条件。
再次,分析和研究了信源定位与跟踪系统定位算法具体应用。将第三章提出的定位与跟踪算法灵活运用,并且与交互多模、UT变换、数据信息融合、多目标定位等技术相结合,解决在几种具体情况下的信源定位与跟踪问题。本章还对定位与跟踪参数信息的快速独立分量分析算法进行了研究。
最后,讨论了空域、时域和频域参数测量问题,分别就脉冲到达时间(TOA)的测量、多普勒频率变化率测量以及脉冲重复周期(PRJ)和脉冲到达时间差的估计等问题进行了研究。
总而言之,信源定位与跟踪已经成为当今非线性跟踪与估计研究领域的热点问题。本文对信源定位与跟踪技术进行了深入的分析,通过计算机仿真,验证了本文所讨论的方法的有效性。
Active detection systems, such as radar and sonar, have encountered more and more threaten in modern electronic warfare and information warfare. The signal source location system, which uses electromagnetic wave emitted by target or opportunity transmitter, has proved its merits of self-hiding and far-distance detecting and highly independence, As the complement of active detection system, signal source location system can be widely used in many applications and it can help to improve viability and battle effectiveness of the whole system. Due to its slow speed and low accuracy in location, moreover, corresponding locating precision is sensitive to measurement errors, the traditional signal source location technology has proved itself hard to meet the demand of tactics. So it is an urgent trend to explore new location system and location technology with high precision and speed.
The work in this dissertation is performed around the key problems of signal source location and tracking system.
Firstly, this paper studies the models and principles of the signal source location systems. The signal source location system models, which are based on TDOA information, spatial information from opportunity transmitter, spatial and frequency range information from the transmitter, temporal and frequency range information from the transmitter are obtained respectively.
In this paper signal source location algorithms are proposed. On the one hand, an algorithm that combines Chan algorithm with culture algorithm is proposed. This algorithm is used to solve nonlinear optimization problems in TDOA-based location. On the other hand, the algorithms using MGEKF (Modified Gain EKF), MVEKF (Modified covariance EKF) are deduced against the defect of traditional Extended Kalman Filtering. Furthermore, the performances of these algorithms are compared by means of the computer simulations.
Secondly, the observability of the above location systems which are based on difference of time information and geometry using direction of arrival and Doppler frequency information and particle kinematics using difference of time and Doppler frequency information are studied respectively and their observable conditions are got.
Thirdly, the applications of signal source location algorithms presented in chapter III are studied. Being combined with IMM, unscented transformation, date information fusion, multitarget location, these algorithms are used to solve several problems in practical situations.The fast independent component analysis algorithm of location parameter information is also studied.
Finally, this paper studies the techniques in measuring the time of arrival (TOA) and Doppler frequency changing rate and the pulse repetition interval (PRI) and the difference of TOA..
To sum up, signal source location is now the hotspot in the field of non-linear tracking and estimation. This dissertation thoroughly studies the signal source location technology. With the help of computer simulations, the methods discussed in this paper are proven to be correct and effective.
论文的研究工作紧密围绕信源定位与跟踪系统的关键问题展开。
首先,本文研究了信源定位与跟踪系统的数学模型及其工作原理。分别得出了基于TDOA信息、基于外辐射源空域信息、基于辐射源频域和空域信息、基于频域和时域信息的信源定位与跟踪系统数学模型。
本文提出了信源定位与跟踪系统的定位跟踪算法。一方面,提出一种将Chan算法与文化算法相结合的算法,利用该算法解决TDOA定位估计中遇到的非线性最优化问题。另一方面,针对传统扩展卡尔曼滤波方法的缺点分别研究了MGEKF(修正增益的扩展卡尔曼滤波)算法、MVEKF(修正协方差扩展卡尔曼滤波)算法等定位与跟踪算法,并将这些方法的性能进行了仿真比较。
其次,分析了信源定位与跟踪系统的可观测性,分别得到了利用时间差信息的信源定位与跟踪系统、利用角度信息或者角度和多普勒频率信息的基于几何学原理信源定位与跟踪系统、利用时间差和多普勒频率信息的基于质点运动学原理的信源定位与跟踪系统的可观测条件。
再次,分析和研究了信源定位与跟踪系统定位算法具体应用。将第三章提出的定位与跟踪算法灵活运用,并且与交互多模、UT变换、数据信息融合、多目标定位等技术相结合,解决在几种具体情况下的信源定位与跟踪问题。本章还对定位与跟踪参数信息的快速独立分量分析算法进行了研究。
最后,讨论了空域、时域和频域参数测量问题,分别就脉冲到达时间(TOA)的测量、多普勒频率变化率测量以及脉冲重复周期(PRJ)和脉冲到达时间差的估计等问题进行了研究。
总而言之,信源定位与跟踪已经成为当今非线性跟踪与估计研究领域的热点问题。本文对信源定位与跟踪技术进行了深入的分析,通过计算机仿真,验证了本文所讨论的方法的有效性。
Active detection systems, such as radar and sonar, have encountered more and more threaten in modern electronic warfare and information warfare. The signal source location system, which uses electromagnetic wave emitted by target or opportunity transmitter, has proved its merits of self-hiding and far-distance detecting and highly independence, As the complement of active detection system, signal source location system can be widely used in many applications and it can help to improve viability and battle effectiveness of the whole system. Due to its slow speed and low accuracy in location, moreover, corresponding locating precision is sensitive to measurement errors, the traditional signal source location technology has proved itself hard to meet the demand of tactics. So it is an urgent trend to explore new location system and location technology with high precision and speed.
The work in this dissertation is performed around the key problems of signal source location and tracking system.
Firstly, this paper studies the models and principles of the signal source location systems. The signal source location system models, which are based on TDOA information, spatial information from opportunity transmitter, spatial and frequency range information from the transmitter, temporal and frequency range information from the transmitter are obtained respectively.
In this paper signal source location algorithms are proposed. On the one hand, an algorithm that combines Chan algorithm with culture algorithm is proposed. This algorithm is used to solve nonlinear optimization problems in TDOA-based location. On the other hand, the algorithms using MGEKF (Modified Gain EKF), MVEKF (Modified covariance EKF) are deduced against the defect of traditional Extended Kalman Filtering. Furthermore, the performances of these algorithms are compared by means of the computer simulations.
Secondly, the observability of the above location systems which are based on difference of time information and geometry using direction of arrival and Doppler frequency information and particle kinematics using difference of time and Doppler frequency information are studied respectively and their observable conditions are got.
Thirdly, the applications of signal source location algorithms presented in chapter III are studied. Being combined with IMM, unscented transformation, date information fusion, multitarget location, these algorithms are used to solve several problems in practical situations.The fast independent component analysis algorithm of location parameter information is also studied.
Finally, this paper studies the techniques in measuring the time of arrival (TOA) and Doppler frequency changing rate and the pulse repetition interval (PRI) and the difference of TOA..
To sum up, signal source location is now the hotspot in the field of non-linear tracking and estimation. This dissertation thoroughly studies the signal source location technology. With the help of computer simulations, the methods discussed in this paper are proven to be correct and effective.
引文
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