永磁直驱发电系统直流稳压变换器研究
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摘要
永磁直驱变速恒频发电系统由于减少了变速装置,成本降低,可靠性得到提高。在风力发电及轴带发电等方面具有广阔的应用前景。
系统一般由原动机、永磁发电机、电力电子变换装置组成。当原动机在较宽转速范围运行时直接驱动的永磁发电机将发出变频变幅值的交流电,经电力电子装置中的AC/DC和DC/AC变换输出恒频恒压交流电。
本文针对永磁直驱变速恒频发电系统需求,研究开发一种大功率宽范围输入直流稳压变换器,与前级不控整流电路以及后级输入电压稳定逆变器构成交流恒频恒压输出变换装置。根据理论分析该变换器采用非隔离的升降压电路拓扑,通过对不同模式的切换控制,可以在减小功率器件的最大电流应力、最大电压应力条件下实现变速恒压输出的功能。
当发电机工作于低转速区时,输入电压小,在额定负载功率下输入电流大。因此,该变换器在工作于升压模式时采用交错并联控制,通过减小每路电感电流达到减小装置体积,提高功率密度的要求。同时提高了纹波电流频率,降低幅值,抑制其对输出电压的影响。每个并联单元电流单独控制,避免了各并联单元不均流的状况的出现。基于TMS320LF2407芯片数字控制,研制了一台24kW直流稳压变换器样机,并进行了实验研究,实验结果表明本课题设计的该变换器达到了技术指标要求。
The permanent magnet direct drive variable speed constant frequency(VSCF) systems is characterized by high reliability and low cost due to lack of variable-speed device. So it has comprehensive application in wind power generation and vehicle shaft generator field.
The system makes up of prime mover, permanent generator and power electronic device. As the speed of permanent generator which is dragged by the prime mover alters in wide range, the alternating current with variable frequency and amplitude of voltage need to be converted to constant by AC/DC and DC/AC converter.
Aiming at the requirement of permanent magnet direct drive VSCF systems, a design project of high power and wide input DC/DC converter is presented in this paper. The converter and the three-phase diode rectifier and the inverter by steady-going dc-link voltage constitute the power electronic device which exports constant alternating current. By changing the mode of the non-isolated buck-boost circuit, the voltage stress and current stress of power devices can reduce greatly.
When the permanent magnet generator works at low-speed zone, the amplitude of input voltage is low. So the circuit uses interleaving-control when it works at Boost mode. The current of every inductance can reduce, and the whole equipment will take less space. Power density will heighten accordingly. On the other hand, this strategy raise the frequency and reduce the amplitude of current ripple in order to restrain the fluctuation of output. The current of every parallel unit is controlled alone which insures current -averaging.
a prototype which has 24kW is developed on the platform of DSP TMS320LF2407 chip. The result of experiments validate that the converter which is designed in this paper achieves the goal of specifications.
系统一般由原动机、永磁发电机、电力电子变换装置组成。当原动机在较宽转速范围运行时直接驱动的永磁发电机将发出变频变幅值的交流电,经电力电子装置中的AC/DC和DC/AC变换输出恒频恒压交流电。
本文针对永磁直驱变速恒频发电系统需求,研究开发一种大功率宽范围输入直流稳压变换器,与前级不控整流电路以及后级输入电压稳定逆变器构成交流恒频恒压输出变换装置。根据理论分析该变换器采用非隔离的升降压电路拓扑,通过对不同模式的切换控制,可以在减小功率器件的最大电流应力、最大电压应力条件下实现变速恒压输出的功能。
当发电机工作于低转速区时,输入电压小,在额定负载功率下输入电流大。因此,该变换器在工作于升压模式时采用交错并联控制,通过减小每路电感电流达到减小装置体积,提高功率密度的要求。同时提高了纹波电流频率,降低幅值,抑制其对输出电压的影响。每个并联单元电流单独控制,避免了各并联单元不均流的状况的出现。基于TMS320LF2407芯片数字控制,研制了一台24kW直流稳压变换器样机,并进行了实验研究,实验结果表明本课题设计的该变换器达到了技术指标要求。
The permanent magnet direct drive variable speed constant frequency(VSCF) systems is characterized by high reliability and low cost due to lack of variable-speed device. So it has comprehensive application in wind power generation and vehicle shaft generator field.
The system makes up of prime mover, permanent generator and power electronic device. As the speed of permanent generator which is dragged by the prime mover alters in wide range, the alternating current with variable frequency and amplitude of voltage need to be converted to constant by AC/DC and DC/AC converter.
Aiming at the requirement of permanent magnet direct drive VSCF systems, a design project of high power and wide input DC/DC converter is presented in this paper. The converter and the three-phase diode rectifier and the inverter by steady-going dc-link voltage constitute the power electronic device which exports constant alternating current. By changing the mode of the non-isolated buck-boost circuit, the voltage stress and current stress of power devices can reduce greatly.
When the permanent magnet generator works at low-speed zone, the amplitude of input voltage is low. So the circuit uses interleaving-control when it works at Boost mode. The current of every inductance can reduce, and the whole equipment will take less space. Power density will heighten accordingly. On the other hand, this strategy raise the frequency and reduce the amplitude of current ripple in order to restrain the fluctuation of output. The current of every parallel unit is controlled alone which insures current -averaging.
a prototype which has 24kW is developed on the platform of DSP TMS320LF2407 chip. The result of experiments validate that the converter which is designed in this paper achieves the goal of specifications.
引文
[1]冯欢.直驱式变速恒频发电技术的控制系统研究[硕士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学,2007.
[2]包广清,施进浩,江建中.大功率直驱式变速恒频风力发电技术综述.微特电机,2008(9):52-55.
[3]王星华.变速恒频同步直驱风力发电机控制系统研究[硕士学位论文].上海:上海交通大学,2007.
[4]沙非,马成廉,刘闯,孙黎.变速恒频风力发电系统及其控制技术研究.电网与清洁能源,2009,25(1):44-47.
[5] Yao Xingjia, Liu Yingming, Bao Jieqiu, Xing Zuoxia. Research and simulation of direct drive wind turbine VSCF characteristic. Automation and Logistics,IEEE, 2008:1683-1687.
[6]孟新意.新型飞机电源系统的设计研究[硕士学位论文].西安:西北工业大学2002.
[7]李建林,周谦,刘剑,赵斌.直驱式变速恒频风力发电系统变流器拓扑结构对比分析.电源技术应用,2007,10(6):12-15.
[8]李乔,蔡丽娟.交错运行变换器及变结构控制均流技术.电源技术应用,2005,5(12):24-28.
[9] Haiping Xu, Ermin Qiao, Xin Guo, Xuhui Wen, Li Kong. Analysis and Design of High Power Interleaved Boost Converters for Fuel Cell Distributed Generation System. Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 2005:140-145.
[10]崔彬,钱照明,丁新平,彭方正.Z源逆变器的电压电流双闭环控制.电力电子技术,2007,41(9):1-3.
[11]李柯平,周继华,高丁丁. Boost三电平变换器在大功率UPS中的应用.电力电子技术,2006,40(6):115-117.
[12]梁锋. DC/DC变换器并联均流与交错控制研究[硕士学位论文].北京:清华大学2004.
[13] Mark Gaboriault, Andrew Notman. A High Efficiency Non-Inverting Buck-Boost DC/DC Converter, Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, IEEE, 2004:1411-1415.
[14]陈坚.电力电子学.北京:高等教育出版社,2004.
[15]安鸿峰.全负载高效升降压DC/DC控制器设计[硕士学位论文].杭州:浙江大学,2008.
[16]彭力,康勇,宋义超,陈坚.新型大功率升降压型DC/DC变换器控制研究.电力电子技术,1999(5):26-28.
[17]沈文轩,吕承明.全数字控制Boost-Buck DC/DC变换器的应用.电力电子技术,2001(2):29-30.
[18] Dominik Bortis, Stefan Waffler, Juergen Biela, Johann W. Kolar. 25-kW Three-Phase Unity Power Factor Buck–Boost Rectifier With Wide Input and Output Range for Pulse Load Applications. IEEE Trans on Plasma Science, 2008,36(5):2747-2752.
[19] M. Baumann, U. Drofenik, and J.W. Kolar. New wide input voltage range three- phase unity power factor rectifier formed by integration of a three-switch buck-derived front-end and a DC/DC boost converter output stage. Telecommunications Energy Conference, 2000:461-470
[20] Nussbaumer.T, Guanghai Gong, Heldwein, M.L, Kolar, J.W. Modeling and Robust Control of a Three-Phase Buck+Boost PWM Rectifier (VRX-4). IEEE Trans on Industry Applications,2008,44(2):650-662
[21] Arash.A Boora, Firuz Zare, Gerard Ledwich, Arindam Ghosh. A General Approach to Control a Positive Buck-Boost Converter to Achieve Robustness against Input Voltage Fluctuations and Load Changes. Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 2008:2011-2017
[22] Chakraborty Arindam, Khaligh Alireza, Emadi Ali. Combination of Buck and Boost Modes to Minimize Transients in the Output of a Positive Buck-Boost Converter. IEEE Industrial Electronics,2006:2372-2377
[23] Baumann. M., Kolar, J.W. Experimental analysis of a 5 kW wide input voltage range three-phase buck+boost factor corrector. Telecommunications Energy Conference, 2001: 146-153
[24]杨国良,李惠光.直驱型风力发电系统交错并联升压斩波器的设计与控制研究.机床与液压,2008,36(8):261-265
[25] Chuanwei Yang, Hui Liang, Jiuchun Jiang. Modeling and Simulation of AC-DC-AC Converter System for MW-Level Direct-Drive Wind Turbine grid Interface. IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference,2006:1-4.
[26]毛明,黄念慈.铁氧体磁心电感设计.电工技术杂志,2002(12):30-33.
[27]杨帆. 50KVA双降压式半桥逆变器[硕士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,2007
[28] [28]李柯平.大功率UPS的研究与设计[硕士学位论文].西安:西北工业大学,2006.
[29]范建伟. M57959L/ M57962L型IGBT厚膜驱动电路.国外电子元器件,1999(2):8-9.
[30]杨荫福,段善旭,朝泽云.电力电子装置及系统.北京:清华大学出版社,2006.
[31]杨学武,毕晓峰.逆变弧焊电源IGBT模块的设计和选型.电焊机,2008,38(12),51-61.
[32]刘和平,严利平,张学锋,卓清锋.TMS320LF240xDSP结构、原理及应用.北京:航空航天出版社,2002.
[33]康华光,陈大钦.电子技术基础(模拟部分).北京:高等教育出版社,1999.
[34]丁道宏.电力电子技术.北京:航空工业出版社,1999.
[35]张卫平.开关变换器的建模与控制.北京:中国电力出版社,2008,6.
[36]刘金云.三相应急电源系统研究[硕士学位论文].杭州:浙江大学,2006.
[37]万山明,吴芳.开关电源(Buck电路)的小信号模型及环路设计.电源技术应用,2004,7(3):142-145
[38] Tang W, Lee F.C, Ridley R.B. Small-signal modeling of average current-mode control. IEEE Trans on Power Electronics, 1993,8(2):112-119
[39]马彦霞,李俊,薄翠梅. Buck型变换器闭环控制性能分析与仿真.中原工学院学报,2008,15(4):36-39
[40] Gyu-Yeong Choe, Hyun-Soo Kang, Byoung-Kuk Lee, Won-Yong Lee. Design consideration of interleaved converters for fuel cell applications. Electrical Machines and Systems, ICEMS,2007:238-243
[41] Pinheiro J.R, Grundling H.A, Vidor D.L.R, Baggio, J.E. Control strategy of an interl- eaved boost power factor correction converter. Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 1999:137-142
[42]胡炎申,谢运祥.三相交错并联Boost DC/DC变换器设计与研制.电力电子技术,2006,40(2):45-47
[43]陈瑶.直驱型风力发电系统全功率并网变流技术的研究[博士学位论文].北京:北京交通大学,2008.
[44]张占松,蔡宣三.开关电源的原理与设计.北京:电子工业出版社,2004.
[45] Xudong Huang, Nergaard T, Jih-Sheng Lai, Xingyi Xu, Lizhi Zhu. A DSP based controller for high-power interleaved boost converters. Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2003:327-333
[46]付勋波,张雷,鄂春良,许洪华.直驱式风电变流器Boost多支路移相控制.变流技术与电力牵引,2008(2):32-36
[47]王晓明,王玲.电动机的DSP控制.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.
[48]洪乃刚.电力电子和电力拖动控制系统的MATLAB仿真.北京:机械工业出版社,2006.
[2]包广清,施进浩,江建中.大功率直驱式变速恒频风力发电技术综述.微特电机,2008(9):52-55.
[3]王星华.变速恒频同步直驱风力发电机控制系统研究[硕士学位论文].上海:上海交通大学,2007.
[4]沙非,马成廉,刘闯,孙黎.变速恒频风力发电系统及其控制技术研究.电网与清洁能源,2009,25(1):44-47.
[5] Yao Xingjia, Liu Yingming, Bao Jieqiu, Xing Zuoxia. Research and simulation of direct drive wind turbine VSCF characteristic. Automation and Logistics,IEEE, 2008:1683-1687.
[6]孟新意.新型飞机电源系统的设计研究[硕士学位论文].西安:西北工业大学2002.
[7]李建林,周谦,刘剑,赵斌.直驱式变速恒频风力发电系统变流器拓扑结构对比分析.电源技术应用,2007,10(6):12-15.
[8]李乔,蔡丽娟.交错运行变换器及变结构控制均流技术.电源技术应用,2005,5(12):24-28.
[9] Haiping Xu, Ermin Qiao, Xin Guo, Xuhui Wen, Li Kong. Analysis and Design of High Power Interleaved Boost Converters for Fuel Cell Distributed Generation System. Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 2005:140-145.
[10]崔彬,钱照明,丁新平,彭方正.Z源逆变器的电压电流双闭环控制.电力电子技术,2007,41(9):1-3.
[11]李柯平,周继华,高丁丁. Boost三电平变换器在大功率UPS中的应用.电力电子技术,2006,40(6):115-117.
[12]梁锋. DC/DC变换器并联均流与交错控制研究[硕士学位论文].北京:清华大学2004.
[13] Mark Gaboriault, Andrew Notman. A High Efficiency Non-Inverting Buck-Boost DC/DC Converter, Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, IEEE, 2004:1411-1415.
[14]陈坚.电力电子学.北京:高等教育出版社,2004.
[15]安鸿峰.全负载高效升降压DC/DC控制器设计[硕士学位论文].杭州:浙江大学,2008.
[16]彭力,康勇,宋义超,陈坚.新型大功率升降压型DC/DC变换器控制研究.电力电子技术,1999(5):26-28.
[17]沈文轩,吕承明.全数字控制Boost-Buck DC/DC变换器的应用.电力电子技术,2001(2):29-30.
[18] Dominik Bortis, Stefan Waffler, Juergen Biela, Johann W. Kolar. 25-kW Three-Phase Unity Power Factor Buck–Boost Rectifier With Wide Input and Output Range for Pulse Load Applications. IEEE Trans on Plasma Science, 2008,36(5):2747-2752.
[19] M. Baumann, U. Drofenik, and J.W. Kolar. New wide input voltage range three- phase unity power factor rectifier formed by integration of a three-switch buck-derived front-end and a DC/DC boost converter output stage. Telecommunications Energy Conference, 2000:461-470
[20] Nussbaumer.T, Guanghai Gong, Heldwein, M.L, Kolar, J.W. Modeling and Robust Control of a Three-Phase Buck+Boost PWM Rectifier (VRX-4). IEEE Trans on Industry Applications,2008,44(2):650-662
[21] Arash.A Boora, Firuz Zare, Gerard Ledwich, Arindam Ghosh. A General Approach to Control a Positive Buck-Boost Converter to Achieve Robustness against Input Voltage Fluctuations and Load Changes. Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 2008:2011-2017
[22] Chakraborty Arindam, Khaligh Alireza, Emadi Ali. Combination of Buck and Boost Modes to Minimize Transients in the Output of a Positive Buck-Boost Converter. IEEE Industrial Electronics,2006:2372-2377
[23] Baumann. M., Kolar, J.W. Experimental analysis of a 5 kW wide input voltage range three-phase buck+boost factor corrector. Telecommunications Energy Conference, 2001: 146-153
[24]杨国良,李惠光.直驱型风力发电系统交错并联升压斩波器的设计与控制研究.机床与液压,2008,36(8):261-265
[25] Chuanwei Yang, Hui Liang, Jiuchun Jiang. Modeling and Simulation of AC-DC-AC Converter System for MW-Level Direct-Drive Wind Turbine grid Interface. IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference,2006:1-4.
[26]毛明,黄念慈.铁氧体磁心电感设计.电工技术杂志,2002(12):30-33.
[27]杨帆. 50KVA双降压式半桥逆变器[硕士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,2007
[28] [28]李柯平.大功率UPS的研究与设计[硕士学位论文].西安:西北工业大学,2006.
[29]范建伟. M57959L/ M57962L型IGBT厚膜驱动电路.国外电子元器件,1999(2):8-9.
[30]杨荫福,段善旭,朝泽云.电力电子装置及系统.北京:清华大学出版社,2006.
[31]杨学武,毕晓峰.逆变弧焊电源IGBT模块的设计和选型.电焊机,2008,38(12),51-61.
[32]刘和平,严利平,张学锋,卓清锋.TMS320LF240xDSP结构、原理及应用.北京:航空航天出版社,2002.
[33]康华光,陈大钦.电子技术基础(模拟部分).北京:高等教育出版社,1999.
[34]丁道宏.电力电子技术.北京:航空工业出版社,1999.
[35]张卫平.开关变换器的建模与控制.北京:中国电力出版社,2008,6.
[36]刘金云.三相应急电源系统研究[硕士学位论文].杭州:浙江大学,2006.
[37]万山明,吴芳.开关电源(Buck电路)的小信号模型及环路设计.电源技术应用,2004,7(3):142-145
[38] Tang W, Lee F.C, Ridley R.B. Small-signal modeling of average current-mode control. IEEE Trans on Power Electronics, 1993,8(2):112-119
[39]马彦霞,李俊,薄翠梅. Buck型变换器闭环控制性能分析与仿真.中原工学院学报,2008,15(4):36-39
[40] Gyu-Yeong Choe, Hyun-Soo Kang, Byoung-Kuk Lee, Won-Yong Lee. Design consideration of interleaved converters for fuel cell applications. Electrical Machines and Systems, ICEMS,2007:238-243
[41] Pinheiro J.R, Grundling H.A, Vidor D.L.R, Baggio, J.E. Control strategy of an interl- eaved boost power factor correction converter. Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 1999:137-142
[42]胡炎申,谢运祥.三相交错并联Boost DC/DC变换器设计与研制.电力电子技术,2006,40(2):45-47
[43]陈瑶.直驱型风力发电系统全功率并网变流技术的研究[博士学位论文].北京:北京交通大学,2008.
[44]张占松,蔡宣三.开关电源的原理与设计.北京:电子工业出版社,2004.
[45] Xudong Huang, Nergaard T, Jih-Sheng Lai, Xingyi Xu, Lizhi Zhu. A DSP based controller for high-power interleaved boost converters. Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2003:327-333
[46]付勋波,张雷,鄂春良,许洪华.直驱式风电变流器Boost多支路移相控制.变流技术与电力牵引,2008(2):32-36
[47]王晓明,王玲.电动机的DSP控制.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.
[48]洪乃刚.电力电子和电力拖动控制系统的MATLAB仿真.北京:机械工业出版社,2006.