汽车排气系统消声性能分析计算
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摘要
发动机排气噪声是车辆噪声的重要组成部分,对车辆NVH性能影响十分明显。本文以某SRV排气系统声学性能分析项目为背景,对该车装配的前后排气消声器以及整个排气系统的声学性能进行计算和分析。
本文的主要研究内容如下:
1、总结了CAE技术的概念、特点、流程,以及有限元法和边界元法计算声场的基本原理;
2、对现有排气系统传递损失、声压级差值的试验测试方法、以及消声器评价指标等进行了总结与比较;
3、利用有限元法、边界元法分析计算获得了包括扩张腔、内插管、穿孔管、阻性材料在内的消声器各个消声结构的消声性能,讨论了扩张比,阻性材料密度、插入管深度等相关参数对其声学性能的影响;
4、分析计算了温度,气流等因素对消声器传递损失的影响;使计算结果更接近真实值;
5、获得某排气消声器与排气系统的传递损失和声压级差值,分析了误差产生的原因,为整车噪声控制提供参考;
6、根据以上CAE的分析结果,提出排气系统的噪声分析与控制的方法和措施,为实施降噪方案提供依据。
Engine exhaust noise is an important part of vehicle noise. It influences the NVH behavior of the vehicle greatly. In this paper, mainly study focus on a SRV exhaust noise. The acoustic characteristics about exhaust mufflers and exhaust systems are analyzed. The main work is listed as follows.
1. the concept, characteristics and process of CAE technology are introduced. And the basic principles of Finite Element Method and Boundary Element Method are presented.
2. the noise elimination of silencing structure are calculated respectively.
3. the effect of the temperature and airflow on transmission loss is analyzed.
4. the calculations of transmission loss of exhaust mufflers and exhaust systems are obtained respectively. And the causes of error are presented.
5. the fundamental methods of noise analysis and control of exhaust systems are given. And the acoustic characteristic evaluation standards for the source of exhaust systems, the exhaust muffler and the exhaust system are also listed.
本文的主要研究内容如下:
1、总结了CAE技术的概念、特点、流程,以及有限元法和边界元法计算声场的基本原理;
2、对现有排气系统传递损失、声压级差值的试验测试方法、以及消声器评价指标等进行了总结与比较;
3、利用有限元法、边界元法分析计算获得了包括扩张腔、内插管、穿孔管、阻性材料在内的消声器各个消声结构的消声性能,讨论了扩张比,阻性材料密度、插入管深度等相关参数对其声学性能的影响;
4、分析计算了温度,气流等因素对消声器传递损失的影响;使计算结果更接近真实值;
5、获得某排气消声器与排气系统的传递损失和声压级差值,分析了误差产生的原因,为整车噪声控制提供参考;
6、根据以上CAE的分析结果,提出排气系统的噪声分析与控制的方法和措施,为实施降噪方案提供依据。
Engine exhaust noise is an important part of vehicle noise. It influences the NVH behavior of the vehicle greatly. In this paper, mainly study focus on a SRV exhaust noise. The acoustic characteristics about exhaust mufflers and exhaust systems are analyzed. The main work is listed as follows.
1. the concept, characteristics and process of CAE technology are introduced. And the basic principles of Finite Element Method and Boundary Element Method are presented.
2. the noise elimination of silencing structure are calculated respectively.
3. the effect of the temperature and airflow on transmission loss is analyzed.
4. the calculations of transmission loss of exhaust mufflers and exhaust systems are obtained respectively. And the causes of error are presented.
5. the fundamental methods of noise analysis and control of exhaust systems are given. And the acoustic characteristic evaluation standards for the source of exhaust systems, the exhaust muffler and the exhaust system are also listed.
引文
[1]庞剑,谌刚,何华.汽车噪声与振动理论与应用,北京:北京理工大学出版社.2006
[2]黄其柏,工程噪声控制学,武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1999
[3]何圣静,声学技术手册,北京:北京出版社.1994
[4]马大猷,现代声学理论基础,北京:科学出版社.2004
[5]万鹏程.客车结构动态性能及客车内结构辐射声场,合肥工业大学学位论文,2005
[6]于开平,周传月,谭惠丰等,Hypermesh从入门到精通.北京:科学出版社.2005
[7]马爱军,周传月,王旭.Patran和Nastran有限元分析.北京:清华大学出版社.2005
[8]李增刚.SYSNOISE Rev 5.6详解.北京:国防工业出版社.2005
[9]何琳,朱海朝,杜功焕.声学理论与工程应用.北京:科学出版社.2004
[10]马大猷.噪声与振动工程手册.北京:机械工程出版社.2002
[11]马大猷等.声学手册.北京:科学出版社.1983
[12]LMS Solutions Guide产品指南
[13]Omid Z.Mehdizadeh,Marius Paraschivoiu.A three-dimensional finite element approach for predicting the transmission loss in mufflers and silencers with no mean flow.Applied Acoustics.66(2005)902-918
[14]Sullivan JW,Crocker MJ.Analysis of concentric-tube resonators having unpartitioned cavities.J Acoust Soc Am.1978,64:207- 15.
[15]Sullivan JW.A method of modeling perforated tube muffler components,I.Theory.J Acoust Soc Am,1979,66:772-778.
[16]Tenneco公司,消声器声学培训教材
[17]Numerical Acoustic,SYSNOISE Online Help
[18]黄其柏,穿孔管消声器消声性能研究,农业机械化学报,1990.03
[19]丁万龙,消声器的数值仿真分析,吉林大学硕士学位论文,2003,03
[20]SYSNOISER ev5.5,Getting Started Manual
[21]A.SELAMET AND Z.L.JI Acoustic Attenuation Performance of Circular Expansion Chambers with Offset Inlet/Outlet:I,Analytical Approach.JSV(1998)213(4),601-617
[22]李丰,黄协清,复杂腔体扩张式消声器消声性能数值计算,噪声与振动控制,2004.
[23]季振林,穿孔管阻性消声器消声性能计算及分析,振动工程学报,2005
[24]Ji Z L,Selamet A.Boundary element analysis of three -pass perforated duct mufflers.Noise Control Engineering Journal,2000,48:151-156.
[25]葛蕴珊,张宏波,宋艳冗,谭建伟,张学敏,韩秀坤,汽车排气消声器的三维声学性能分析.汽车工程,2006
[26]LMS International Corporation.Transmission Loss Computation of a Muffler with Perforated Plates,User Manual,2001
[27]H.Luo,C.C.Tseb & Y.N.Chen.Modeling and Applications of Partially Perforated Intruding Tube Mufflers.Applied Acoustics 44(1995)99-116
[28]American Society for Testing and Materials 1993 ASTMC 522-87(Reap proved 1993).Philadelphia,A.Standard test method for airflow resistance of acoustical materials.
[29]Kirby R,Cummings A.The impedance of perforated plates subjected to grazing gas flow and backed by porous media.Journal of Sound and Vibration,1998,217:619-636.
[30]Seybert A F,Semen R A,Lattuca M D.Boundary element prediction of sound propagation in ducts containing bulk an absorbing materials.Journal of Vibration and Acoustics,1998,120:976-981.
[31]Delany M E,Bazley E N.Acoustical properties of fibrous absorbent materials.Applied Acoustics,1970.3:105-116
[32]Utsuno H,Tsoaks T.Transfer function method for measuring characteristic impedance and propagation constant of porous materials.Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1989,86:637-643.
[33]袁兆成,丁万龙,方华,高峥,用边界元法研究排气消声器的消声特性,设计 研究 计算,2005.
[34]赵键,汪鸿振,朱物华,边界元计算已知振速封闭面的声辐射,声学学报,1989.
[35]方丹群,噪声控制,北京出版社,1986
[2]黄其柏,工程噪声控制学,武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1999
[3]何圣静,声学技术手册,北京:北京出版社.1994
[4]马大猷,现代声学理论基础,北京:科学出版社.2004
[5]万鹏程.客车结构动态性能及客车内结构辐射声场,合肥工业大学学位论文,2005
[6]于开平,周传月,谭惠丰等,Hypermesh从入门到精通.北京:科学出版社.2005
[7]马爱军,周传月,王旭.Patran和Nastran有限元分析.北京:清华大学出版社.2005
[8]李增刚.SYSNOISE Rev 5.6详解.北京:国防工业出版社.2005
[9]何琳,朱海朝,杜功焕.声学理论与工程应用.北京:科学出版社.2004
[10]马大猷.噪声与振动工程手册.北京:机械工程出版社.2002
[11]马大猷等.声学手册.北京:科学出版社.1983
[12]LMS Solutions Guide产品指南
[13]Omid Z.Mehdizadeh,Marius Paraschivoiu.A three-dimensional finite element approach for predicting the transmission loss in mufflers and silencers with no mean flow.Applied Acoustics.66(2005)902-918
[14]Sullivan JW,Crocker MJ.Analysis of concentric-tube resonators having unpartitioned cavities.J Acoust Soc Am.1978,64:207- 15.
[15]Sullivan JW.A method of modeling perforated tube muffler components,I.Theory.J Acoust Soc Am,1979,66:772-778.
[16]Tenneco公司,消声器声学培训教材
[17]Numerical Acoustic,SYSNOISE Online Help
[18]黄其柏,穿孔管消声器消声性能研究,农业机械化学报,1990.03
[19]丁万龙,消声器的数值仿真分析,吉林大学硕士学位论文,2003,03
[20]SYSNOISER ev5.5,Getting Started Manual
[21]A.SELAMET AND Z.L.JI Acoustic Attenuation Performance of Circular Expansion Chambers with Offset Inlet/Outlet:I,Analytical Approach.JSV(1998)213(4),601-617
[22]李丰,黄协清,复杂腔体扩张式消声器消声性能数值计算,噪声与振动控制,2004.
[23]季振林,穿孔管阻性消声器消声性能计算及分析,振动工程学报,2005
[24]Ji Z L,Selamet A.Boundary element analysis of three -pass perforated duct mufflers.Noise Control Engineering Journal,2000,48:151-156.
[25]葛蕴珊,张宏波,宋艳冗,谭建伟,张学敏,韩秀坤,汽车排气消声器的三维声学性能分析.汽车工程,2006
[26]LMS International Corporation.Transmission Loss Computation of a Muffler with Perforated Plates,User Manual,2001
[27]H.Luo,C.C.Tseb & Y.N.Chen.Modeling and Applications of Partially Perforated Intruding Tube Mufflers.Applied Acoustics 44(1995)99-116
[28]American Society for Testing and Materials 1993 ASTMC 522-87(Reap proved 1993).Philadelphia,A.Standard test method for airflow resistance of acoustical materials.
[29]Kirby R,Cummings A.The impedance of perforated plates subjected to grazing gas flow and backed by porous media.Journal of Sound and Vibration,1998,217:619-636.
[30]Seybert A F,Semen R A,Lattuca M D.Boundary element prediction of sound propagation in ducts containing bulk an absorbing materials.Journal of Vibration and Acoustics,1998,120:976-981.
[31]Delany M E,Bazley E N.Acoustical properties of fibrous absorbent materials.Applied Acoustics,1970.3:105-116
[32]Utsuno H,Tsoaks T.Transfer function method for measuring characteristic impedance and propagation constant of porous materials.Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1989,86:637-643.
[33]袁兆成,丁万龙,方华,高峥,用边界元法研究排气消声器的消声特性,设计 研究 计算,2005.
[34]赵键,汪鸿振,朱物华,边界元计算已知振速封闭面的声辐射,声学学报,1989.
[35]方丹群,噪声控制,北京出版社,1986