强非局域空间高阶模孤子波的解析解及全光开关和逻辑门的实现
摘要
光束在非局域非线性介质中的传输满足非局域非线性薛定鄂方程(NNLSE)。对于强非局域介质,方程可以进一步简化成Snyder-Mitchen模型(一个新的线性模型)。本论文利用该线性模型研究了强非局域非线性介质中光束传输的高阶模孤子波的解析解,以及有小夹角入射的双高斯光束的演化规律,从而实现了全光开关,并作进一步推广到小夹角入射三光束的情况,由此实现了逻辑门。
本论文共分三章,主要内容如下:
第一章,介绍了近几年来强非局域介质中光束传输的理论研究,详尽地介绍了向列相液晶中光孤子传输方面所取得的进展。
第二章,在强非局域条件下简化了NNLSE,使得非线性问题线性化,利用简化的线性模型讨论1+D维(D=1,2)笛卡尔空间光束稳定传输的高阶模孤子波的解析解,即厄米高斯解。进一步讨论了(1+2)维柱坐标系下光束传输过程,得到了强非局域非线性空间中光束稳定传输的拉盖尔高斯型解。首次发现了强非局域非线性介质中存在圆环形光孤子
第三章,本章以(1+1)维线性模型为基础,讨论了由强非局域非线性介质构成的平面介质波导中双光束和三光束同向共同传输的相互作用过程,得到了斜入射双光束和三光束相互作用的精确解析解。强非局域空间光孤子的相互作用是其特殊情况。基于强非局域空间光孤子的相互作用原理,提出了实现光子开关,以及光子”同”和”或非”逻辑的新理论方案,并讨论这些基本光子信息处理器件的优化设计问题。
本论文的主要贡献是:利用光束传输的简化线性模型得到了强非局域介质中光束传输的高阶模孤子波的解析解,首次发现了强非局域非线性介质中存在圆环形光孤子。得到了斜入射双光束和三光束相互作用的精确解析解,并给出了该介质中有小夹角入射双光束实现全光开关的条件,对三光束实现光子”同”和”或非”逻辑门提出了新的理论方案。
In this paper, the evolution of two and three co-propagating optical beams in the little obliquity from propagating axes , governed by the Snyder-Mitchell model (namely a new linear model), is discussed in the strong nonlocal media, and an exact analytical solution of higher-order mode to the single beam is obtained.The paper is organized as follows:Chapter 1, we present an overview of recent advances in the research of optical beam propagating in the strong nonolocal nonlinear media.Chapter 2, we simplify NNLSE to a new linear model under the condition of strong nonlocality and obtain the exact analytical solution of high-order mode for single beam propagating in it. It is found for the first time that the necklace-ring spatial soliton exists in the strong nonlocal media in the Cartesian coordinate , The exact analytical solutions with Hermite-Gaussian and Laguerre-Gaussian forms are obtained.Chapter 3, Two and three co-propagating optical beams which are governed by Snyder-Mitchell mode with the same frequency and polarization in the 1+1D strong nonlocal media are discussed. An exact analytical solutions of two and three co-propagating optical beams in the little obliquity from propagating axes are obtained.The lately academic project of all-optical switching and logic gating are put forward , such as XNOR gating and NOR gating . Optimize of components to basic photo communication is involved in addition .The main achievement of the paper is that the exact analytical solutions with Hermite-Gaussian and Laguerre-Gaussian forms are obtained. It is found for the first time that the necklace-ring spatial solitons exist in the strong nonlocal media An exact analytical solutions of two and three co-propagating optical beams in the little obliquity from propagating axes are obtained.The lately academic project of all-optical switching and logic gating are put forward .
本论文共分三章,主要内容如下:
第一章,介绍了近几年来强非局域介质中光束传输的理论研究,详尽地介绍了向列相液晶中光孤子传输方面所取得的进展。
第二章,在强非局域条件下简化了NNLSE,使得非线性问题线性化,利用简化的线性模型讨论1+D维(D=1,2)笛卡尔空间光束稳定传输的高阶模孤子波的解析解,即厄米高斯解。进一步讨论了(1+2)维柱坐标系下光束传输过程,得到了强非局域非线性空间中光束稳定传输的拉盖尔高斯型解。首次发现了强非局域非线性介质中存在圆环形光孤子
第三章,本章以(1+1)维线性模型为基础,讨论了由强非局域非线性介质构成的平面介质波导中双光束和三光束同向共同传输的相互作用过程,得到了斜入射双光束和三光束相互作用的精确解析解。强非局域空间光孤子的相互作用是其特殊情况。基于强非局域空间光孤子的相互作用原理,提出了实现光子开关,以及光子”同”和”或非”逻辑的新理论方案,并讨论这些基本光子信息处理器件的优化设计问题。
本论文的主要贡献是:利用光束传输的简化线性模型得到了强非局域介质中光束传输的高阶模孤子波的解析解,首次发现了强非局域非线性介质中存在圆环形光孤子。得到了斜入射双光束和三光束相互作用的精确解析解,并给出了该介质中有小夹角入射双光束实现全光开关的条件,对三光束实现光子”同”和”或非”逻辑门提出了新的理论方案。
In this paper, the evolution of two and three co-propagating optical beams in the little obliquity from propagating axes , governed by the Snyder-Mitchell model (namely a new linear model), is discussed in the strong nonlocal media, and an exact analytical solution of higher-order mode to the single beam is obtained.The paper is organized as follows:Chapter 1, we present an overview of recent advances in the research of optical beam propagating in the strong nonolocal nonlinear media.Chapter 2, we simplify NNLSE to a new linear model under the condition of strong nonlocality and obtain the exact analytical solution of high-order mode for single beam propagating in it. It is found for the first time that the necklace-ring spatial soliton exists in the strong nonlocal media in the Cartesian coordinate , The exact analytical solutions with Hermite-Gaussian and Laguerre-Gaussian forms are obtained.Chapter 3, Two and three co-propagating optical beams which are governed by Snyder-Mitchell mode with the same frequency and polarization in the 1+1D strong nonlocal media are discussed. An exact analytical solutions of two and three co-propagating optical beams in the little obliquity from propagating axes are obtained.The lately academic project of all-optical switching and logic gating are put forward , such as XNOR gating and NOR gating . Optimize of components to basic photo communication is involved in addition .The main achievement of the paper is that the exact analytical solutions with Hermite-Gaussian and Laguerre-Gaussian forms are obtained. It is found for the first time that the necklace-ring spatial solitons exist in the strong nonlocal media An exact analytical solutions of two and three co-propagating optical beams in the little obliquity from propagating axes are obtained.The lately academic project of all-optical switching and logic gating are put forward .
引文
[1] Stegeman G I and Segev M. Optical spatial solitons and their interactions: Universality and diversity. Science, 1999, 286: 1518~1523
[2] Stegeman G I, Christodoulides D N, Segev M. Optical spatial solitons: historical perspectives. IEEE J Sel Top Quantum Electron, 2000, 6(6): 1419~1427
[3] E. Braun, L. Faucheux, A. Libchaber." Strong self focusing in nematic liquid crystals,"Phys. Rev. 1993 48 611
[4] M.A Karpierz, M. Sierakowski, M. Swillo, and T. Wolinsky," Single-component higher-order mode solitons in liquid crystals" Mol. Cryst. Liq. Oryst 1998 320 157
[5] DW McLaughlin, DJ Muraki and MJ Shelley,"Light interacting with liquid crystals,"Physica D 1996 97 471
[6] X.Hutsebaut,M.Haelterman,A.Adamski and K.Neyts" Single-component high-order mode solitons in liquid crystals" NLGW 2002
[7] M. Peccianti, A. De Rossi, G. Assanto, A. De Luca, C. Umeton, and IC Khoo,"Electrically assisted self-confinement and waveguiding in planar- nematic liquid crystal cells,"Appl.Phys. Lett. 2000 77 7
[8] Guo Q 2003 in Proceedings of APOC2003(AsiarPacific Optical an Wireless Communica-tons Conference) Edited by C F Lam, C Fan, N Hanik, and K Oguchi Optical Tnans-mission,Switching,ab Subsystems Proc. SPIE 5281(SPIE-The International Society for Optical
[9] Conti C, Peccianti M, and Assanto G, " Route to nonlocality and observation of accessible solitons, " Phys. Rev. Lett 2003 91 073901
[10] Conti C, Peccianti M, and Assanto G, " Observation of optical spatial solitons in a highly nonlocal medium, " Phys. Rev. Lett 2004 92 113902
[11] Snyder A W and Mitchell D J, " Accessible solitons, " Science 1997 276 1538
[12] Shen YR, " Solitons made simple, " Science 1997 276 1520[13] Shen Y R. The Principles of Nonlinear Optics. New York: Wiley, 1984. Chapter 16 ,286-302. [14] Krolikowski W, Bang O, Rasmussen J J, and Wyller J, " Modulational instability in nonlocal nonlinear Kerr media, " 2001 Phys. Rev. E 64 016612 [15] Guo Q, Luo B, Yi F H, Chi S, and Xie Y Q, " Large phase shift of nonlocal spatial soltions, " Phys. Rev. E. 2004 69 016602 [16] Aitchison J S, Weiner A M, Silberberg Y, Oliver M K, Jackel J L, Leaird D E, Vogel E M, and Smith P W E, " Observation of spatial optical solitons in a nonlinear glass waveguide, " Opt. Lett. 1990 15 471[17] Peccianti M and Assanto G, " Nematic liquid crystals: a suitable medium for self-confinement of coherent and incoherent light, " Phys. Rev. E 2002 65 035603 [18] Peccianti M, Brzdakiewicz A B, and Assanto G, " Nonlocal spatial soliton interactions in nematic liquid crystals, " Opt. Lett 2002 27 1460 [19] Peccianti M, Conti C, and Umeton C, " All-optical switching and logic gating with spatial solitons in liquid crystals, " Appl. Phys. Lett 2002 81 3335 [20] Assanto G, Peccianti M, and Conti C, " Optical spatial soltions in nematic liquid crystals," Opics & Photonics News 2003 45. [21] krolikowski W,Bang O,Nikolov N I and Neshev D 2004 J.Opt. B:Quantum Semiclass. Opt. 6 288 [22] Ying H J 1999 Quantum mechanics (Anhui:Publishing company of Science and Technology University China) p65 (in Chinese) [尹鸿钧 1999 量子电子学 (安徽:中国科学技术大学出版社)第65页][23] Zhang K Q and LI D J 2001 Electromagnetic Theory for Microwaves and Optoelectronics (Beijing:Publishing company of Electronics Industry) p572 (in Chinese) [张克潜, 李德杰2001 微波与光电子学中的电磁理论 (北京: 电子工业出版社) 第 587 页][24] Guo Q and Xiu C B 2004 Acta Phys.Sin. 53 3025 (in Chinese) [郭旗, 许超彬 2004 物理 学报53 3025]
[25] 顾德仁.脉冲与效字电路(下册).北京:人民教育出版社,1979.34-39
[26] 王启明.支撑高速率、大容量光纤网络体系的半导体光子集成.光电子简报(高技术光电子信息组编印),2000年10月,第88号,6-23.
[27] Chiao R Y, Garmire E, and Townes C H, "self-trapping of optical beams, "Phys. Rev. Lett 1964 13 479
[28] Kelley P L, "self-focusing of optical beams, " Phys. Rev. Lett 1965 15 1005
[29] Barthelemy A, Maneuf S, and Froehly C, "Soliton propagation and self-trapping of laser beams by the optical Kerr effect, "Opt. Commun. 1985 55 201
[30] Aitchison J S, Al-Hemyari K, Ironside C N, Grant R S, and Sibbett W, "Observation of spatial solitons in AlGaAs waveguides," Electron. Lett. 1992 28 1879
[31] Bartuch U, Peschel U, Gabler T, Waldhausl R, and Horhold H H, "Experimental investigations and numerical simulations of spatial solitons in planar polymer waveguides," Opt. Commun. 1997 134 49
[32] Segev M, Crosignani B, Yariv A, and Fischer B, "spatial solitons in photorefractive media," Phys. Rev. Lett 1992 68 923
[33] Duree G C, Jr., Shultz J L, Salamo G J, Segev M, Yariv A, Crosignani B, Di Porto P, Sharp E J, and Neurgaonkar R R, "Observation of self-trapping of an optical beam due to the photorefractive effect," Phys. Rev. Lett 1993 71 5333
[34] Shih M and Segev M "Three-Dimnensional spiraling of interacting spatial solitons," Phys. Rev. Lett 1997 78 2551
[35] Suter D and Blasberg T, "Stabilization of transverse solitary waves by a nonlocal response of the nonlinear medium," Phys. Rev. A 1993 48 4583
[36] Mitchell D J and Snyder A W, " Soliton dynamics in a nonlocal medium," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 1999 16 236
[37] Stegeman G I and Segev M, "Optical spatial solitous and their interactions: universality and diversity," Science 1997 276 1538
[38] Bang O and Krolikowski W, " Solitons in nonlocal nonlinear media: exact solutions ",Phys. Rev. E 2000 63 016610
[39] Bang O, Krolikowski W, Wyller J, and Rasmussen J J, " Collapse arrest and soliton stabilization in nonlocal nonlinear media " Phys. Rev. E 2002 66 046619
[40] Nikolov N I, Neshev D, Krolikowski W, Bang O, Rasmussen J J, and Christiansen P L," Attraction of nonlocal dark optical solitons, " Opt. Lett 2004 29 286
[41] Kivshar Y S and Luther-Davies B " Dark optical solitons: physics and applications, "Phys. Rep. 1998 298 81
[42] Snyder A W and Kivshar Y J, " Bright spatial solitons in non-Kerr media: stationary beams and dynamical evolution, " Opt Soc. Am. B 1997 11 3025
[43] Granot E , Sternklar S, Isbi Y, Malomed B, and Lewis A, " Sub-wavelength non-local spatial soltions, " Opt. Commun. 1999 166 121
[44] Abe S and Ogura A, " Solitary waves and their critical behavior in a nonlinear nonlocal medium with power-law response, " Opt Lett 2004 29 286
[45] Snyder A W and Kivshar J 1997 Opt Soc. Am. B 11 3025
[46] Abe S and Ogura A 1998 Phys. Rev. E 57 6066
[47] Yuri S Kivshar and George I Stegeman 2002 Opt Photonics News 2 59 Engineering, Washington,USA,2004)p.581
[48] Xie Y Q and Guo Q 2004 Acta Phys.Sin. 53 3020 (in Chinese) [谢逸群, 郭旗 2004 物理学报 53 3020]
[49] Hutsebaut X,Haelterman M,Adamski A and Neyts K 2004 Optics Communications 233 211
[50] Snyder A W and Kivshar J 1997 Opt. Soc. Am. B 11 3025
[51] Yuri S Kivshar and George I Stegeman 2002 Opt Photonics News 2 59; Poccianti M,Brzdakiewicz K A and Assanto G 2002 Appl. phys. Lett 81 3335
[52] Y. Xie and Q. Guo, Opt. Quant. Electron. 37 (2005) to be published.
[53] Zhang X P and Guo Q Acta Phys.Sin. (in Chinese) [张霞萍, 郭旗 2004 物理学报 54 No.7
(已录用待发表)]
[54] Wang X H and Guo Q 2004 Acta Phys.Sin.(in Chinese)[王形华、郭旗2005物理学报54No.7(已录用待发表)]
[55] Cao J N and Guo Q 2005 Acta Phys.Sin.(in Chinese)[曹觉能、郭旗2005物理学报54No.11(已录用待发表)]
[56] Hutsebaut X, Haelterman M, Adamski A and Neyts K 2004 Optics Communications 233 211
[57] Hu S Z and NI G J 2002 technique of the maths and physics(Beijing:Publishing company of higher education)p572(in Chinese)[胡嗣柱,倪光炯2002数学物理方法(北京:高等教育出版社)第167页]
[2] Stegeman G I, Christodoulides D N, Segev M. Optical spatial solitons: historical perspectives. IEEE J Sel Top Quantum Electron, 2000, 6(6): 1419~1427
[3] E. Braun, L. Faucheux, A. Libchaber." Strong self focusing in nematic liquid crystals,"Phys. Rev. 1993 48 611
[4] M.A Karpierz, M. Sierakowski, M. Swillo, and T. Wolinsky," Single-component higher-order mode solitons in liquid crystals" Mol. Cryst. Liq. Oryst 1998 320 157
[5] DW McLaughlin, DJ Muraki and MJ Shelley,"Light interacting with liquid crystals,"Physica D 1996 97 471
[6] X.Hutsebaut,M.Haelterman,A.Adamski and K.Neyts" Single-component high-order mode solitons in liquid crystals" NLGW 2002
[7] M. Peccianti, A. De Rossi, G. Assanto, A. De Luca, C. Umeton, and IC Khoo,"Electrically assisted self-confinement and waveguiding in planar- nematic liquid crystal cells,"Appl.Phys. Lett. 2000 77 7
[8] Guo Q 2003 in Proceedings of APOC2003(AsiarPacific Optical an Wireless Communica-tons Conference) Edited by C F Lam, C Fan, N Hanik, and K Oguchi Optical Tnans-mission,Switching,ab Subsystems Proc. SPIE 5281(SPIE-The International Society for Optical
[9] Conti C, Peccianti M, and Assanto G, " Route to nonlocality and observation of accessible solitons, " Phys. Rev. Lett 2003 91 073901
[10] Conti C, Peccianti M, and Assanto G, " Observation of optical spatial solitons in a highly nonlocal medium, " Phys. Rev. Lett 2004 92 113902
[11] Snyder A W and Mitchell D J, " Accessible solitons, " Science 1997 276 1538
[12] Shen YR, " Solitons made simple, " Science 1997 276 1520[13] Shen Y R. The Principles of Nonlinear Optics. New York: Wiley, 1984. Chapter 16 ,286-302. [14] Krolikowski W, Bang O, Rasmussen J J, and Wyller J, " Modulational instability in nonlocal nonlinear Kerr media, " 2001 Phys. Rev. E 64 016612 [15] Guo Q, Luo B, Yi F H, Chi S, and Xie Y Q, " Large phase shift of nonlocal spatial soltions, " Phys. Rev. E. 2004 69 016602 [16] Aitchison J S, Weiner A M, Silberberg Y, Oliver M K, Jackel J L, Leaird D E, Vogel E M, and Smith P W E, " Observation of spatial optical solitons in a nonlinear glass waveguide, " Opt. Lett. 1990 15 471[17] Peccianti M and Assanto G, " Nematic liquid crystals: a suitable medium for self-confinement of coherent and incoherent light, " Phys. Rev. E 2002 65 035603 [18] Peccianti M, Brzdakiewicz A B, and Assanto G, " Nonlocal spatial soliton interactions in nematic liquid crystals, " Opt. Lett 2002 27 1460 [19] Peccianti M, Conti C, and Umeton C, " All-optical switching and logic gating with spatial solitons in liquid crystals, " Appl. Phys. Lett 2002 81 3335 [20] Assanto G, Peccianti M, and Conti C, " Optical spatial soltions in nematic liquid crystals," Opics & Photonics News 2003 45. [21] krolikowski W,Bang O,Nikolov N I and Neshev D 2004 J.Opt. B:Quantum Semiclass. Opt. 6 288 [22] Ying H J 1999 Quantum mechanics (Anhui:Publishing company of Science and Technology University China) p65 (in Chinese) [尹鸿钧 1999 量子电子学 (安徽:中国科学技术大学出版社)第65页][23] Zhang K Q and LI D J 2001 Electromagnetic Theory for Microwaves and Optoelectronics (Beijing:Publishing company of Electronics Industry) p572 (in Chinese) [张克潜, 李德杰2001 微波与光电子学中的电磁理论 (北京: 电子工业出版社) 第 587 页][24] Guo Q and Xiu C B 2004 Acta Phys.Sin. 53 3025 (in Chinese) [郭旗, 许超彬 2004 物理 学报53 3025]
[25] 顾德仁.脉冲与效字电路(下册).北京:人民教育出版社,1979.34-39
[26] 王启明.支撑高速率、大容量光纤网络体系的半导体光子集成.光电子简报(高技术光电子信息组编印),2000年10月,第88号,6-23.
[27] Chiao R Y, Garmire E, and Townes C H, "self-trapping of optical beams, "Phys. Rev. Lett 1964 13 479
[28] Kelley P L, "self-focusing of optical beams, " Phys. Rev. Lett 1965 15 1005
[29] Barthelemy A, Maneuf S, and Froehly C, "Soliton propagation and self-trapping of laser beams by the optical Kerr effect, "Opt. Commun. 1985 55 201
[30] Aitchison J S, Al-Hemyari K, Ironside C N, Grant R S, and Sibbett W, "Observation of spatial solitons in AlGaAs waveguides," Electron. Lett. 1992 28 1879
[31] Bartuch U, Peschel U, Gabler T, Waldhausl R, and Horhold H H, "Experimental investigations and numerical simulations of spatial solitons in planar polymer waveguides," Opt. Commun. 1997 134 49
[32] Segev M, Crosignani B, Yariv A, and Fischer B, "spatial solitons in photorefractive media," Phys. Rev. Lett 1992 68 923
[33] Duree G C, Jr., Shultz J L, Salamo G J, Segev M, Yariv A, Crosignani B, Di Porto P, Sharp E J, and Neurgaonkar R R, "Observation of self-trapping of an optical beam due to the photorefractive effect," Phys. Rev. Lett 1993 71 5333
[34] Shih M and Segev M "Three-Dimnensional spiraling of interacting spatial solitons," Phys. Rev. Lett 1997 78 2551
[35] Suter D and Blasberg T, "Stabilization of transverse solitary waves by a nonlocal response of the nonlinear medium," Phys. Rev. A 1993 48 4583
[36] Mitchell D J and Snyder A W, " Soliton dynamics in a nonlocal medium," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 1999 16 236
[37] Stegeman G I and Segev M, "Optical spatial solitous and their interactions: universality and diversity," Science 1997 276 1538
[38] Bang O and Krolikowski W, " Solitons in nonlocal nonlinear media: exact solutions ",Phys. Rev. E 2000 63 016610
[39] Bang O, Krolikowski W, Wyller J, and Rasmussen J J, " Collapse arrest and soliton stabilization in nonlocal nonlinear media " Phys. Rev. E 2002 66 046619
[40] Nikolov N I, Neshev D, Krolikowski W, Bang O, Rasmussen J J, and Christiansen P L," Attraction of nonlocal dark optical solitons, " Opt. Lett 2004 29 286
[41] Kivshar Y S and Luther-Davies B " Dark optical solitons: physics and applications, "Phys. Rep. 1998 298 81
[42] Snyder A W and Kivshar Y J, " Bright spatial solitons in non-Kerr media: stationary beams and dynamical evolution, " Opt Soc. Am. B 1997 11 3025
[43] Granot E , Sternklar S, Isbi Y, Malomed B, and Lewis A, " Sub-wavelength non-local spatial soltions, " Opt. Commun. 1999 166 121
[44] Abe S and Ogura A, " Solitary waves and their critical behavior in a nonlinear nonlocal medium with power-law response, " Opt Lett 2004 29 286
[45] Snyder A W and Kivshar J 1997 Opt Soc. Am. B 11 3025
[46] Abe S and Ogura A 1998 Phys. Rev. E 57 6066
[47] Yuri S Kivshar and George I Stegeman 2002 Opt Photonics News 2 59 Engineering, Washington,USA,2004)p.581
[48] Xie Y Q and Guo Q 2004 Acta Phys.Sin. 53 3020 (in Chinese) [谢逸群, 郭旗 2004 物理学报 53 3020]
[49] Hutsebaut X,Haelterman M,Adamski A and Neyts K 2004 Optics Communications 233 211
[50] Snyder A W and Kivshar J 1997 Opt. Soc. Am. B 11 3025
[51] Yuri S Kivshar and George I Stegeman 2002 Opt Photonics News 2 59; Poccianti M,Brzdakiewicz K A and Assanto G 2002 Appl. phys. Lett 81 3335
[52] Y. Xie and Q. Guo, Opt. Quant. Electron. 37 (2005) to be published.
[53] Zhang X P and Guo Q Acta Phys.Sin. (in Chinese) [张霞萍, 郭旗 2004 物理学报 54 No.7
(已录用待发表)]
[54] Wang X H and Guo Q 2004 Acta Phys.Sin.(in Chinese)[王形华、郭旗2005物理学报54No.7(已录用待发表)]
[55] Cao J N and Guo Q 2005 Acta Phys.Sin.(in Chinese)[曹觉能、郭旗2005物理学报54No.11(已录用待发表)]
[56] Hutsebaut X, Haelterman M, Adamski A and Neyts K 2004 Optics Communications 233 211
[57] Hu S Z and NI G J 2002 technique of the maths and physics(Beijing:Publishing company of higher education)p572(in Chinese)[胡嗣柱,倪光炯2002数学物理方法(北京:高等教育出版社)第167页]