大型建设项目团队知识学习能力支撑体系研究
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摘要
知识经济的发展构筑在知识的基础之上,有效的知识学习成为组织面对新形势所做出的战略反应,是知识经济时代的必然要求。随着国民经济和科学技术的迅速发展,项目规模越来越大,体系愈加复杂,对知识的需求量也日益增加。但项目知识流失严重及利用率低下的问题尚未得到有效抑制,大型建设项目的健康发展受到严重影响和制约。因此,在大型建设项目团队中,实施知识管理、开展知识学习是满足知识需求和提高知识利用率的重要途径。
项目团队知识学习已有的研究成果,往往局限于某个方面,缺乏系统的分析。通过对项目团队知识学习能力与知识学习效果影响机理的分析,从技术、组织结构、文化上制定相应的知识学习支撑体系,全方位地探寻解决项目团队知识学习问题的有效手段。
(1)通过界定大型建设项目团队知识学习能力的相关概念,明确了满足知识学习能力的条件,结合知识学习过程的三要素,建立了以基础能力、过程能力和学习效果为主体的大型建设项目团队知识学习能力体系。
(2)在能力分析的基础上,运用文献分析法,对大型建设项目团队知识学习能力的作用机理进行了初探,构建出大型建设项目团队知识学习能力的理论模型。在变量度量的基础上,进行了问卷调查与数据分析。运用结构方程模型,选择SPSS18.0和Lisre18.7为辅助工具进行统计分析。通过描述性统计分析,验证了调查问卷的可靠性、真实性和准确度；通过探索性和验证性因子分析,判定了知识学习基础能力、过程能力、学习效果各因子与理论预设的相符程度；通过结构方程模型的回归分析,对知识学习能力的理论模型及23个研究假设进行了数据检验和验证。根据分析结果,提出了通过设计技术、组织结构和文化支撑体系来提升项目团队知识学习效果的方法。
(3)在技术支撑体系的研究中,通过对技术体系、知识学习技术特点的分析,选择知识地图作为知识学习的技术工具,确定工程变更作为项目的核心业务流程。以某大型建设项目为例,对项目知识系统的操作界面、检索流程、实际应用情况进行分析与评述,构建面向工程变更的知识地图应用示例。为知识学习效率的提升,提供了硬件设施和技术上的保障。
(4)在组织结构支撑体系的研究中,通过对常见组织结构模式特征进行分析,结合大型建设项目特点,选择强矩阵式组织结构为最佳组织结构模式。采用博弈理论探索全方位激励模式,以突破传统模式下的知识学习困境。对某大型建设项目的组织结构模式和激励制度进行了实例分析及改善措施的说明。为促进和推广大型建设项目团队知识学习,提供了组织结构上的保障。
(5)在文化支撑体系的研究中,从制度、精神和行为三个层面展开项目团队知识学习组织文化建设的探讨。组织文化是高效进行项目团队知识学习的关键因素。通过分析支持项目团队知识学习的组织文化特征,明确了建立组织文化的关键要素。结合项目组织文化的构建步骤,提出实现项目知识学习组织文化建设的具体途径。最后,对某大型建设项目组织文化进行了实例分析。为项目团队成员知识学习意识的培养、学习积极性的提高和知识流失率的降低,提供了制度、精神和行为上的保障。图41幅,表37个,参考文献255篇。
The knowledge economy is the knowledge-based economy, and its development is on the basis of knowledge. Effective knowledge learning is the strategic response for organization to new situation and the inevitable requirement of the knowledge economy era. Along with the rapid development of national economy and technology, the scale of projects is getting bigger, and the system is also more and more complex, while the demand for knowledge is growing. But the loss of knowledge in project is serious, the utilization coefficient is low. These problems have not been effectively restrained, which make the development of large-scale projects affected and restricted seriously. Therefore, implementing knowledge learning in the large-scale construction projects, is the only way to meet the demand for knowledge, and to improve the utilization coefficient of knowledge.
The existing researches on team learning are usually confined to certain aspect, and the systematic analysis is lacked. Through mechanism analysis and system designing, the effective means to solve the problem of project team knowledge learning were explored.
(1) Through defining the concepts of team learning ability in large-scale construction projects, the conditions about knowledge learning ability were cleared. Combined with the three elements of knowledge learning process, the system of team knowledge learning capacity in large-scale construction projects, taking basic ability, process capability and the effect as main body, was constructed.
(2) On the basis of capacity analysis, through literature analysis, the action mechanism of team knowledge learning ability in large-scale construction projects was discussed. Then the theoretical model of team learning capacity in large-scale construction projects was constructed, and the research hypotheses were put forward. Based on variable metric, the questionnaire were designed and distributed. SPSS18.0and Lisrel8.7were selected as the auxiliary tools for verification and validation. Through descriptive statistical analysis, the reliability, authenticity and accuracy of questionnaire were validated. Through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, the uniformity between the factors of knowledge learning and presupposition was tested. Through regression analysis of SEM, the data verification and validation of theoretical model and23hypotheses was passed. According to the results of analysis, by designing support system to strengthen the effect of project team learning were put forward.
(3) In the Study of technique system, knowledge map was chose as a technique tool. The engineering change was determined as the core business process in project. Taking the database of construction technology in a large-scale construction project as an example, practicability and operational processes of project knowledge map was explained. For its limitations, the recommendations and measures for improvement were proposed. An application model of knowledge map to engineering change was constructed. The hardware facilities and technical support were provided for promoting of knowledge learning efficiency.
(4) In the study of structure system, based on the characteristics analysis of organization structure and large-scale construction projects, strong-matrix organization was chose as the best form for large-scale construction project. Game theory was taken to explore the model of all-dimensional motivation. Prisoner's dilemma of team learning in the model of traditional motivating was broken. Take the project as an example, its organization form and incentive system were analyzed and illustrated for improvement. The promotion and popularization of team learning in projects were ensured from the aspects of organization structure.
(5) In the study of culture system, the construction of knowledge learning culture in project team was discussed from three aspects: institution, spirit and behavior. Organization culture is the key factor for the efficiency of team learning. Features of organization culture supporting for knowledge learning were analyzed. Key factors for establishment of organizational culture were clear. Based on Construction steps, specific ways to realize organization culture construction were put forward. Finally, Analysis of an example was taken. The training of knowledge learning consciousness, the improving of learning initiative, and the reducing of knowledge loss were secured from the aspects of institution, spirit and behavior.
项目团队知识学习已有的研究成果,往往局限于某个方面,缺乏系统的分析。通过对项目团队知识学习能力与知识学习效果影响机理的分析,从技术、组织结构、文化上制定相应的知识学习支撑体系,全方位地探寻解决项目团队知识学习问题的有效手段。
(1)通过界定大型建设项目团队知识学习能力的相关概念,明确了满足知识学习能力的条件,结合知识学习过程的三要素,建立了以基础能力、过程能力和学习效果为主体的大型建设项目团队知识学习能力体系。
(2)在能力分析的基础上,运用文献分析法,对大型建设项目团队知识学习能力的作用机理进行了初探,构建出大型建设项目团队知识学习能力的理论模型。在变量度量的基础上,进行了问卷调查与数据分析。运用结构方程模型,选择SPSS18.0和Lisre18.7为辅助工具进行统计分析。通过描述性统计分析,验证了调查问卷的可靠性、真实性和准确度；通过探索性和验证性因子分析,判定了知识学习基础能力、过程能力、学习效果各因子与理论预设的相符程度；通过结构方程模型的回归分析,对知识学习能力的理论模型及23个研究假设进行了数据检验和验证。根据分析结果,提出了通过设计技术、组织结构和文化支撑体系来提升项目团队知识学习效果的方法。
(3)在技术支撑体系的研究中,通过对技术体系、知识学习技术特点的分析,选择知识地图作为知识学习的技术工具,确定工程变更作为项目的核心业务流程。以某大型建设项目为例,对项目知识系统的操作界面、检索流程、实际应用情况进行分析与评述,构建面向工程变更的知识地图应用示例。为知识学习效率的提升,提供了硬件设施和技术上的保障。
(4)在组织结构支撑体系的研究中,通过对常见组织结构模式特征进行分析,结合大型建设项目特点,选择强矩阵式组织结构为最佳组织结构模式。采用博弈理论探索全方位激励模式,以突破传统模式下的知识学习困境。对某大型建设项目的组织结构模式和激励制度进行了实例分析及改善措施的说明。为促进和推广大型建设项目团队知识学习,提供了组织结构上的保障。
(5)在文化支撑体系的研究中,从制度、精神和行为三个层面展开项目团队知识学习组织文化建设的探讨。组织文化是高效进行项目团队知识学习的关键因素。通过分析支持项目团队知识学习的组织文化特征,明确了建立组织文化的关键要素。结合项目组织文化的构建步骤,提出实现项目知识学习组织文化建设的具体途径。最后,对某大型建设项目组织文化进行了实例分析。为项目团队成员知识学习意识的培养、学习积极性的提高和知识流失率的降低,提供了制度、精神和行为上的保障。图41幅,表37个,参考文献255篇。
The knowledge economy is the knowledge-based economy, and its development is on the basis of knowledge. Effective knowledge learning is the strategic response for organization to new situation and the inevitable requirement of the knowledge economy era. Along with the rapid development of national economy and technology, the scale of projects is getting bigger, and the system is also more and more complex, while the demand for knowledge is growing. But the loss of knowledge in project is serious, the utilization coefficient is low. These problems have not been effectively restrained, which make the development of large-scale projects affected and restricted seriously. Therefore, implementing knowledge learning in the large-scale construction projects, is the only way to meet the demand for knowledge, and to improve the utilization coefficient of knowledge.
The existing researches on team learning are usually confined to certain aspect, and the systematic analysis is lacked. Through mechanism analysis and system designing, the effective means to solve the problem of project team knowledge learning were explored.
(1) Through defining the concepts of team learning ability in large-scale construction projects, the conditions about knowledge learning ability were cleared. Combined with the three elements of knowledge learning process, the system of team knowledge learning capacity in large-scale construction projects, taking basic ability, process capability and the effect as main body, was constructed.
(2) On the basis of capacity analysis, through literature analysis, the action mechanism of team knowledge learning ability in large-scale construction projects was discussed. Then the theoretical model of team learning capacity in large-scale construction projects was constructed, and the research hypotheses were put forward. Based on variable metric, the questionnaire were designed and distributed. SPSS18.0and Lisrel8.7were selected as the auxiliary tools for verification and validation. Through descriptive statistical analysis, the reliability, authenticity and accuracy of questionnaire were validated. Through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, the uniformity between the factors of knowledge learning and presupposition was tested. Through regression analysis of SEM, the data verification and validation of theoretical model and23hypotheses was passed. According to the results of analysis, by designing support system to strengthen the effect of project team learning were put forward.
(3) In the Study of technique system, knowledge map was chose as a technique tool. The engineering change was determined as the core business process in project. Taking the database of construction technology in a large-scale construction project as an example, practicability and operational processes of project knowledge map was explained. For its limitations, the recommendations and measures for improvement were proposed. An application model of knowledge map to engineering change was constructed. The hardware facilities and technical support were provided for promoting of knowledge learning efficiency.
(4) In the study of structure system, based on the characteristics analysis of organization structure and large-scale construction projects, strong-matrix organization was chose as the best form for large-scale construction project. Game theory was taken to explore the model of all-dimensional motivation. Prisoner's dilemma of team learning in the model of traditional motivating was broken. Take the project as an example, its organization form and incentive system were analyzed and illustrated for improvement. The promotion and popularization of team learning in projects were ensured from the aspects of organization structure.
(5) In the study of culture system, the construction of knowledge learning culture in project team was discussed from three aspects: institution, spirit and behavior. Organization culture is the key factor for the efficiency of team learning. Features of organization culture supporting for knowledge learning were analyzed. Key factors for establishment of organizational culture were clear. Based on Construction steps, specific ways to realize organization culture construction were put forward. Finally, Analysis of an example was taken. The training of knowledge learning consciousness, the improving of learning initiative, and the reducing of knowledge loss were secured from the aspects of institution, spirit and behavior.
引文
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