技术类军校学员学习动力培养研究
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摘要
随着我国综合国力的不断增强和国家利益的不断拓展,我军对于高素质新型军事人才的需求愈发紧迫。作为我军人才培养的主要源头,军校教育正受到越来越多的重视。本文立足于军校教育中对军校学员的学习动力培养这一重要方面,通过文献综合、问卷调查、座谈了解、统计分析等一系列方法,获取和研究了大量的军校学员学习动力培养的一线资料,对提升军校学员对学习动力提出了若干对策。
本文总结了学习动力培养问题的现有研究成果和黄埔军校、西点军校和清华大学学习动力培养的经验。以需求理论和激励理论为依据,将学习动力分为内部动力和外部动力,阐述了学习内部动力和学习外部动力的内涵和相互关系。在此基础上使用德尔菲法构建了军校学员学习动力指标体系,从内部动力和外部动力这两方面将军校学员学习动力对指标细化。对国防科学技术大学学员进行了调查,指出学员学习动力培养存在的主要问题表现在学习动力的来源存在偏差、学习目的不明确、学习动力不够持久、学习主动性不强等方面。并从提升教育者对学员学习动力认知、学员队管理、教学体系三个方面提出了提升军校学员学习动力的对策,提出了利用PDCA循环实施学员学习动力提升管理的方法,并详细探讨了该方法的计划、执行、检查、总结四个阶段。还结合工作实践对文中提到的提升学员学习动力的对策与建议进行了试验。
As the comprehensive national power strenghens and the national interests grows, the need of qualified military personnel become much more urgent. The military education, as the primary source of personnel training source, is getting more and more attention. This paper focuses on the important aspect of academic motivation cultivation of military education, taking methods of literature synthese, surveying, colloquium and statistical analysis, acquires a quantity of first-hand resources about millitary cultivation of learning motivation based on the division of learning motivation into intrinsic and extrinsic.
This paper has studied and concluded the learning motivation cultivating mechanism of Huangpu Millitary Academy, West Point and Tsinghua University. We devided learning motivation into intrinsic and extrinsic based on the theory of demand and inspiration, then explained the signification and relationship between different academic motivations.Then we use Delphi Method to construct the measure system of learning motivation, and make clear the learning motivation rating scheme for millitary education. The existed problems and resolutions had been proposed according to the analysis of current situation on cadet’s academic motivation. A sample of cadets from National University of Defense Technology have been studied, and the results show that the problem of lack of learning motivations symtomized by biased motivation resources, vague targets, non-lasting motivation and weak initialtive. Propose policy for enhancing the academic motivation of cadets from the aspects of raising the educators’perceiving of academic motivation, the cadet corps management and education system. Furthermore, we propose a method based on PDCA to manage the cultivation of millitary academic motivation, and studied the four steps, i.e. plan, do, check, act, in detail. With the wording practice during the research, the countermeasures and suggestions of academic motivation enhancement we proposed was verified and tested in the end.
本文总结了学习动力培养问题的现有研究成果和黄埔军校、西点军校和清华大学学习动力培养的经验。以需求理论和激励理论为依据,将学习动力分为内部动力和外部动力,阐述了学习内部动力和学习外部动力的内涵和相互关系。在此基础上使用德尔菲法构建了军校学员学习动力指标体系,从内部动力和外部动力这两方面将军校学员学习动力对指标细化。对国防科学技术大学学员进行了调查,指出学员学习动力培养存在的主要问题表现在学习动力的来源存在偏差、学习目的不明确、学习动力不够持久、学习主动性不强等方面。并从提升教育者对学员学习动力认知、学员队管理、教学体系三个方面提出了提升军校学员学习动力的对策,提出了利用PDCA循环实施学员学习动力提升管理的方法,并详细探讨了该方法的计划、执行、检查、总结四个阶段。还结合工作实践对文中提到的提升学员学习动力的对策与建议进行了试验。
As the comprehensive national power strenghens and the national interests grows, the need of qualified military personnel become much more urgent. The military education, as the primary source of personnel training source, is getting more and more attention. This paper focuses on the important aspect of academic motivation cultivation of military education, taking methods of literature synthese, surveying, colloquium and statistical analysis, acquires a quantity of first-hand resources about millitary cultivation of learning motivation based on the division of learning motivation into intrinsic and extrinsic.
This paper has studied and concluded the learning motivation cultivating mechanism of Huangpu Millitary Academy, West Point and Tsinghua University. We devided learning motivation into intrinsic and extrinsic based on the theory of demand and inspiration, then explained the signification and relationship between different academic motivations.Then we use Delphi Method to construct the measure system of learning motivation, and make clear the learning motivation rating scheme for millitary education. The existed problems and resolutions had been proposed according to the analysis of current situation on cadet’s academic motivation. A sample of cadets from National University of Defense Technology have been studied, and the results show that the problem of lack of learning motivations symtomized by biased motivation resources, vague targets, non-lasting motivation and weak initialtive. Propose policy for enhancing the academic motivation of cadets from the aspects of raising the educators’perceiving of academic motivation, the cadet corps management and education system. Furthermore, we propose a method based on PDCA to manage the cultivation of millitary academic motivation, and studied the four steps, i.e. plan, do, check, act, in detail. With the wording practice during the research, the countermeasures and suggestions of academic motivation enhancement we proposed was verified and tested in the end.
引文
[1]郑庆柱.当代大学生学习动力问题论析[J].社会科学家,2007年03期.
[2]包玉琴.论大学生的学习动力及价值导向[J].民族教育研究,2007年05期.
[3]韩玉芬.高职学生学习动力问题探究[J].中国高教研究,2005年03期.
[4]潘玉芝.医学院校理工科学生学习动力不足的原因及对策探讨[J].中国医学伦理学,2009年04期.
[5]侯莞娇.地方高校大学生学习动力不足的原因及对策研究[J].教育与职业,2010年26期.
[6]向元平.激励新型交叉学科学生学习动力的研究[J].现代教育技术,2009年S1期.
[7]许晟.情商教育与高职生内在学习动力的培养[J].教育与职业,2010年15期.
[8] J. Greeno, et al., Cognition and Learning. New York: Macmillan, 1996.
[9] M. D. Svinicki, "Teaching and Learning on The Edge of the Millennium," New Directions for Teaching and Learning, vol. 80, 1999.
[10] A. L. Brown, "Knowing When, Where, and How to Remember: A Problem of Metacognition," Advances in Instructional Psychology, vol. 1, 1978.
[11] C. T. Fosnot, Constructivism: Theory, Perspectives, and Practice. New York: Teachers College, 1996.
[12] P. R. Pintrich, "Understanding Self-Regulated Learning," New Directions for Teaching and Learning, vol. 63, 1995.
[13] E. L. Deci, et al., "Motivation and Education: The Self-Determination Perspective," Educational Psychologist, vol. 26, pp. 325-346, 1991.
[14] D. H. Schunk and B. J. Zimmerman, "Self-Regulation of Learning and Performance: Issues and Educational Applications," 1994.
[15] J. W. Atkinson and D. Birch, Introduction to Motivation (2nd ed.). New York: Van Nostrand, 1978.
[16] J. Eccles, Expectancies, Values, and Academic Behaviors. New York: Freeman, 1983.
[17] J. Henderlong and M. R. Lepper, "The Effects of Praise on Children's Intrinsic Motivation: A Review and Synthesis," Psycological Bulletin, vol. 128, pp. 774-795, 2002.
[18] S. S. Iyengar and M. R. Lepper, "Rethinking the Value of Choice: A Cultural Perspective on Intrinsic Motivation," Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 76, pp. 349-366, 1999.
[19] E. L. Deci and R. M. Ryan, "Self-Determination Theory: A Macrotheory of Human Motivation, Development, and Health," Canadian Psychology, vol. 49, pp. 182-185, 2008.
[20] E. L. Deci and R. M. Ryan, "Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior," Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data, pp. 11-13, 1985.
[21] W. W. Purkey and J. Schmidt, The inviting relationship: An expanded perspective for professional counseling. NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1987.
[22] M. R. Lepper and M. Hodel, Intrinsic motivation in the classroom vol. 3. New York: Academic Press, 1989.
[23] M. Csikszentmihalyi and J. Nakamura, The dynamics of intrinsic motivation: A study of adolescents. New York: Academic Press, 1989.
[24] T. Assman, Incentives for participation: Berkley Edu, 2009.
[25]胡平,宋殿义,何洲俊.军校学员学习动力分析与思考[J].高等教育研究学报,2009年03期.
[26]常艳娥.军校学历教育合训学员的学习动力激励[J].军队政工理论研究,2007年第06期.
[27]皮志高.信息化条件下军队院校高素质新型军事人才培养研究[D].长沙:国防科学技术大学,2007.
[28]王中霞.军校综合大学学员领导能力培养问题研究[D],长沙:国防科学技术大学,2008.
[29]汪莹.军队院校学员队干部绩效管理研究——以国防科技大学为例[D],长沙:国防科学技术大学,2008.
[30]张成.信息化条件下军队院校校园文化研究——以国防科技大学为例[D],长沙:国防科学技术大学,2007.
[31]孙晓红.军队综合大学合训学员信息素质培养研究[D],长沙:国防科学技术大学,2007.
[32]范克新编著.社会学定量方法[M],南京:南京大学出版社,2004.
[33]李德伟主审,周永生主编.管理学基础[M],北京:清华大学出版社,2006.
[34]孙国强主编.管理研究方法[M],上海:上海人民出版社,2007.
[35]李强、李昌、唐素萍主编.管理心理学[M],北京:北京工业大学出版社,2002.
[36]龚盛辉.国防之光——中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学纪实[M],北京:人民出版社,2009.
[37]陈勇.军队院校教育改革发展的回眸与思考——与改革开放同行的30年[M],北京:军事科学出版社,2008.
[38]邵中印主编.军校综合素质教育研究[M],北京:解放军出版社,2000.
[39]战西臣、黄志勇主编.军校学习论[M],北京:兵器工业出版社,2006.
[40]张宝书主编.军队院校教育学[M],北京:军事科学出版社,2006.
[41]李成安、张晖主编.军队院校现代化教学[M],北京:国防大学出版社,2009.
[42]刘亚琴、丁勤德、何洲俊.影响当代大学生学习动力因素的调查与分析[J].中国电力教育,2009年4月下,总第135期.
[43]刘文、翟秀文.军队综合大学人才培养中存在的问题及完善对策[J].新西部,2010年08期.
[44]庄亚俊.军队综合大学学员管理信息化研究[D],郑州:中国人民解放军信息工程大学,2006.
[45]邓晓蕾.军队综合大学学历教育合训学员领导力培养研究[D],长沙:国防科学技术大学,2006.
[46] Abraham H.Maslow, Motivation and Personality(New York:Harper and Row, 1987),p.xii.
[47]俞文钊.现代激励理论与应用[M],大连:东北财经大学出版社,2006.
[48]中国黄埔军校网,http://www.hoplite.cn.
[49]冷承槐等.西点军校概览[Z],中国人民解放军总参谋部军训部译,2003.
[50]清华大学信息门户,http://info.tsinghua.edu.cn.
[2]包玉琴.论大学生的学习动力及价值导向[J].民族教育研究,2007年05期.
[3]韩玉芬.高职学生学习动力问题探究[J].中国高教研究,2005年03期.
[4]潘玉芝.医学院校理工科学生学习动力不足的原因及对策探讨[J].中国医学伦理学,2009年04期.
[5]侯莞娇.地方高校大学生学习动力不足的原因及对策研究[J].教育与职业,2010年26期.
[6]向元平.激励新型交叉学科学生学习动力的研究[J].现代教育技术,2009年S1期.
[7]许晟.情商教育与高职生内在学习动力的培养[J].教育与职业,2010年15期.
[8] J. Greeno, et al., Cognition and Learning. New York: Macmillan, 1996.
[9] M. D. Svinicki, "Teaching and Learning on The Edge of the Millennium," New Directions for Teaching and Learning, vol. 80, 1999.
[10] A. L. Brown, "Knowing When, Where, and How to Remember: A Problem of Metacognition," Advances in Instructional Psychology, vol. 1, 1978.
[11] C. T. Fosnot, Constructivism: Theory, Perspectives, and Practice. New York: Teachers College, 1996.
[12] P. R. Pintrich, "Understanding Self-Regulated Learning," New Directions for Teaching and Learning, vol. 63, 1995.
[13] E. L. Deci, et al., "Motivation and Education: The Self-Determination Perspective," Educational Psychologist, vol. 26, pp. 325-346, 1991.
[14] D. H. Schunk and B. J. Zimmerman, "Self-Regulation of Learning and Performance: Issues and Educational Applications," 1994.
[15] J. W. Atkinson and D. Birch, Introduction to Motivation (2nd ed.). New York: Van Nostrand, 1978.
[16] J. Eccles, Expectancies, Values, and Academic Behaviors. New York: Freeman, 1983.
[17] J. Henderlong and M. R. Lepper, "The Effects of Praise on Children's Intrinsic Motivation: A Review and Synthesis," Psycological Bulletin, vol. 128, pp. 774-795, 2002.
[18] S. S. Iyengar and M. R. Lepper, "Rethinking the Value of Choice: A Cultural Perspective on Intrinsic Motivation," Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 76, pp. 349-366, 1999.
[19] E. L. Deci and R. M. Ryan, "Self-Determination Theory: A Macrotheory of Human Motivation, Development, and Health," Canadian Psychology, vol. 49, pp. 182-185, 2008.
[20] E. L. Deci and R. M. Ryan, "Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior," Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data, pp. 11-13, 1985.
[21] W. W. Purkey and J. Schmidt, The inviting relationship: An expanded perspective for professional counseling. NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1987.
[22] M. R. Lepper and M. Hodel, Intrinsic motivation in the classroom vol. 3. New York: Academic Press, 1989.
[23] M. Csikszentmihalyi and J. Nakamura, The dynamics of intrinsic motivation: A study of adolescents. New York: Academic Press, 1989.
[24] T. Assman, Incentives for participation: Berkley Edu, 2009.
[25]胡平,宋殿义,何洲俊.军校学员学习动力分析与思考[J].高等教育研究学报,2009年03期.
[26]常艳娥.军校学历教育合训学员的学习动力激励[J].军队政工理论研究,2007年第06期.
[27]皮志高.信息化条件下军队院校高素质新型军事人才培养研究[D].长沙:国防科学技术大学,2007.
[28]王中霞.军校综合大学学员领导能力培养问题研究[D],长沙:国防科学技术大学,2008.
[29]汪莹.军队院校学员队干部绩效管理研究——以国防科技大学为例[D],长沙:国防科学技术大学,2008.
[30]张成.信息化条件下军队院校校园文化研究——以国防科技大学为例[D],长沙:国防科学技术大学,2007.
[31]孙晓红.军队综合大学合训学员信息素质培养研究[D],长沙:国防科学技术大学,2007.
[32]范克新编著.社会学定量方法[M],南京:南京大学出版社,2004.
[33]李德伟主审,周永生主编.管理学基础[M],北京:清华大学出版社,2006.
[34]孙国强主编.管理研究方法[M],上海:上海人民出版社,2007.
[35]李强、李昌、唐素萍主编.管理心理学[M],北京:北京工业大学出版社,2002.
[36]龚盛辉.国防之光——中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学纪实[M],北京:人民出版社,2009.
[37]陈勇.军队院校教育改革发展的回眸与思考——与改革开放同行的30年[M],北京:军事科学出版社,2008.
[38]邵中印主编.军校综合素质教育研究[M],北京:解放军出版社,2000.
[39]战西臣、黄志勇主编.军校学习论[M],北京:兵器工业出版社,2006.
[40]张宝书主编.军队院校教育学[M],北京:军事科学出版社,2006.
[41]李成安、张晖主编.军队院校现代化教学[M],北京:国防大学出版社,2009.
[42]刘亚琴、丁勤德、何洲俊.影响当代大学生学习动力因素的调查与分析[J].中国电力教育,2009年4月下,总第135期.
[43]刘文、翟秀文.军队综合大学人才培养中存在的问题及完善对策[J].新西部,2010年08期.
[44]庄亚俊.军队综合大学学员管理信息化研究[D],郑州:中国人民解放军信息工程大学,2006.
[45]邓晓蕾.军队综合大学学历教育合训学员领导力培养研究[D],长沙:国防科学技术大学,2006.
[46] Abraham H.Maslow, Motivation and Personality(New York:Harper and Row, 1987),p.xii.
[47]俞文钊.现代激励理论与应用[M],大连:东北财经大学出版社,2006.
[48]中国黄埔军校网,http://www.hoplite.cn.
[49]冷承槐等.西点军校概览[Z],中国人民解放军总参谋部军训部译,2003.
[50]清华大学信息门户,http://info.tsinghua.edu.cn.