我国学校体育思想流变及大学体育课程演进的研究
摘要
从近代开始，我国学校体育经过了一次又一次的蜕变，完成了它的历史进程。本文通过对中国学校体育思想流变的梳理，把握中国学校体育发展的基本脉络；通过考察与近代中国变革几乎同时而生的大学体育课程的演进过程，反观学校体育思想对人才教育和培养的影响。进而从历史的角度，探寻中国学校体育思想的源与流，以及对学校体育发展的作用与局限，为研究中国学校体育未来的发展提供基础和参照。本文提出，学校体育思想是社会思潮的综合反映，它与社会的政治、经济、文化、教育密切相关，特别是受到社会政治、经济制度的制约；从历史的角度看，学校体育的内容和形式正在逐渐走向多样化；普通大学体育课程改革目前仍面临许多新问题，其中把握好制约课程设置的社会需求、学科体系与学生发展等三大要素，找到恰当的平衡点，处理好理论知识性内容、技能性内容和操作性内容，是一直没有解决好而又必须解决的问题；从普通大学体育课程改革的方向看，人作为个体的价值和地位将越来越会受到高度重视，今后将更加强调课程实施中的多边互动性、价值取向上的个体性、教育目标上的全面性和教学方法的综合性。
School PE(Physical Education)of our country has finished its historical process since the beginning of modern times after experiencing constant decline. The article begins with analysing the change of Chinese school PE thought to grasp the basic process of developing Chinese school PE; it looks back at the influence of school PE thought on personnel education and development by checking the evolution process of college PE courses which took place almost at the same time when the innovation of modern China did to explore the source and stream of Chinese school PE thought and the function and limitation of developing school PE, which serves as basis and reference for developing Chinese school PE in the future. The article advances that school PE thought is the comprehensive response to the thinking stream of society and it is closely linked to social politics, economy, culture and education, and especially restricted by social politics and economic system. From historical angle, both the contents and the forms
of school PE is making for variety. The PE course of common college and universities are faced with many new problems, most important of all. It hasn't been solved well and needs to be solved well to grasp the three big elements of the social need which restricts course devising, subject system and the development of student, find out the proper point of balance and deal well with the contents of theoretical knowledge, the contents of techniques and the contents of operation. From the direction of reforming common college PE courses, human beings will be attached more and more importance to as individual value and position. In the future, multi-lateral interaction? individual value direction. All round educational objective and comprehensive teaching methods should be emphasized further in course devising.
School PE(Physical Education)of our country has finished its historical process since the beginning of modern times after experiencing constant decline. The article begins with analysing the change of Chinese school PE thought to grasp the basic process of developing Chinese school PE; it looks back at the influence of school PE thought on personnel education and development by checking the evolution process of college PE courses which took place almost at the same time when the innovation of modern China did to explore the source and stream of Chinese school PE thought and the function and limitation of developing school PE, which serves as basis and reference for developing Chinese school PE in the future. The article advances that school PE thought is the comprehensive response to the thinking stream of society and it is closely linked to social politics, economy, culture and education, and especially restricted by social politics and economic system. From historical angle, both the contents and the forms
of school PE is making for variety. The PE course of common college and universities are faced with many new problems, most important of all. It hasn't been solved well and needs to be solved well to grasp the three big elements of the social need which restricts course devising, subject system and the development of student, find out the proper point of balance and deal well with the contents of theoretical knowledge, the contents of techniques and the contents of operation. From the direction of reforming common college PE courses, human beings will be attached more and more importance to as individual value and position. In the future, multi-lateral interaction? individual value direction. All round educational objective and comprehensive teaching methods should be emphasized further in course devising.
引文
(1)筹议海防折．李文忠全书(J)．“奏稿”第24卷
(2)崔乐泉．中国近代体育史话(J)．第27页
(3)李兴华．民国教育史(M)．上海教育出版社．1997年．第210页
(4)中国近代史资料丛刊．戊戌变法Ⅳ．神州同光出版社．1953年．第160页
(5)中国近代学制史(J)．第3辑上期．第109页
(6)郭齐家．中国教育思想史．北京：教育科学出版社．1987年．第230页
(7)李兴华．民国教育史(M)．上海教育出版社．1997年．第208页
(8)《体育史料》第八辑，人民体育出版社．1984年．第56页
(9)《体育史料》第八辑，人民体育出版社．1984年．第60页
(10)吴文忠．中国体育史．台湾三民书局．1981年．第104页
(11)中华民国档案(J)．www.ssreader.com下载
(12)姚廷华．新中国四十年学校体育的思考．浙江体育科学．1990．6．11．第40页
(13)教育部副部长吕福源在全国学校体育卫生工作经验交流会上的讲话
(1)饮冰室全集．第3册．上海会文堂书局，1924
(2)方万邦．体育原理．上海：商务印书馆，1933
(3)宋君复．体育概论．上海：商务印书馆，1933
(4)吴蕴瑞，袁敦礼．体育原理．勤奋书局，1933
(5)中国近代史资料丛刊．戊戌变法Ⅳ．神州同光出版社．1953
(6)原强．严复诗文选注．南京：江苏人民出版社．1975
(7)舒新城．中国近代教育史资料(上、下册)．北京：人民教育出版社．1981
(8)吴文忠．中国体育史．台湾三民书局．1981
(9)谷世权，杨文清．中国体育史．北京体育学院出版社．1981
(10)任时光．中国教育思想史．上海书店出版．1984
(11)张彩珍．当代中国体育．北京：中国社会科学出版社．1984
(12)高奇．中国现代教育史．北京师范大学出版社．1985
(13)郭齐家．中国教育思想史．北京：教育科学出版社．1987
(14)成都体育学院体育史研究所．中国近代体育史资料．成都：四川教育出版社．1998
(15)国家体委体育文史工作委员会，中国体育史学会．中国近代体育史．北京体育学院出版社．1989
(16)孙培青．中国教育史．上海：华东师范大学出版社．1992
(17)苏竞存．中国近代学校体育史．北京：人民教育出版社．1994
(18)刘清黎．体育教育学．北京：高等教育出版社．1994
(19)周贝隆．世界教育发展和改革动向及其启示．教育研究．1998
(20)王永红，黄甫全．首届全国课程学术研讨会述评．课程·教材·教法．1998(2)：1～9
(21)张延凯．我国课程理论研究的历史回顾．课程·教材·教法．1998(2)：10～16
(22)吴光普．课程观演变与现代课程改革．现代教育论丛．1996(1)：54～56
(23)王燕玲等．现代教育都有哪些新观念．理论与实践．1997(11)：12～13
(24)肖川．现代化教育的基本特征．中国教育学刊．1998(4)：25～26
(25)王利珉等．对教育现代化及其标准的探讨．上海高教研究．1998(8)：13～17
(26)刘文霞．完整地理解个性教育．内蒙古师范大学学报(哲科版)．1997(2)：1～8
(27)陈学法．个性培养与素质教育．教育研究．1998(3)：40～44
(28)中共中央国务院关于深化教育改革全面推进素质教育的决定．1996．6
(2)崔乐泉．中国近代体育史话(J)．第27页
(3)李兴华．民国教育史(M)．上海教育出版社．1997年．第210页
(4)中国近代史资料丛刊．戊戌变法Ⅳ．神州同光出版社．1953年．第160页
(5)中国近代学制史(J)．第3辑上期．第109页
(6)郭齐家．中国教育思想史．北京：教育科学出版社．1987年．第230页
(7)李兴华．民国教育史(M)．上海教育出版社．1997年．第208页
(8)《体育史料》第八辑，人民体育出版社．1984年．第56页
(9)《体育史料》第八辑，人民体育出版社．1984年．第60页
(10)吴文忠．中国体育史．台湾三民书局．1981年．第104页
(11)中华民国档案(J)．www.ssreader.com下载
(12)姚廷华．新中国四十年学校体育的思考．浙江体育科学．1990．6．11．第40页
(13)教育部副部长吕福源在全国学校体育卫生工作经验交流会上的讲话
(1)饮冰室全集．第3册．上海会文堂书局，1924
(2)方万邦．体育原理．上海：商务印书馆，1933
(3)宋君复．体育概论．上海：商务印书馆，1933
(4)吴蕴瑞，袁敦礼．体育原理．勤奋书局，1933
(5)中国近代史资料丛刊．戊戌变法Ⅳ．神州同光出版社．1953
(6)原强．严复诗文选注．南京：江苏人民出版社．1975
(7)舒新城．中国近代教育史资料(上、下册)．北京：人民教育出版社．1981
(8)吴文忠．中国体育史．台湾三民书局．1981
(9)谷世权，杨文清．中国体育史．北京体育学院出版社．1981
(10)任时光．中国教育思想史．上海书店出版．1984
(11)张彩珍．当代中国体育．北京：中国社会科学出版社．1984
(12)高奇．中国现代教育史．北京师范大学出版社．1985
(13)郭齐家．中国教育思想史．北京：教育科学出版社．1987
(14)成都体育学院体育史研究所．中国近代体育史资料．成都：四川教育出版社．1998
(15)国家体委体育文史工作委员会，中国体育史学会．中国近代体育史．北京体育学院出版社．1989
(16)孙培青．中国教育史．上海：华东师范大学出版社．1992
(17)苏竞存．中国近代学校体育史．北京：人民教育出版社．1994
(18)刘清黎．体育教育学．北京：高等教育出版社．1994
(19)周贝隆．世界教育发展和改革动向及其启示．教育研究．1998
(20)王永红，黄甫全．首届全国课程学术研讨会述评．课程·教材·教法．1998(2)：1～9
(21)张延凯．我国课程理论研究的历史回顾．课程·教材·教法．1998(2)：10～16
(22)吴光普．课程观演变与现代课程改革．现代教育论丛．1996(1)：54～56
(23)王燕玲等．现代教育都有哪些新观念．理论与实践．1997(11)：12～13
(24)肖川．现代化教育的基本特征．中国教育学刊．1998(4)：25～26
(25)王利珉等．对教育现代化及其标准的探讨．上海高教研究．1998(8)：13～17
(26)刘文霞．完整地理解个性教育．内蒙古师范大学学报(哲科版)．1997(2)：1～8
(27)陈学法．个性培养与素质教育．教育研究．1998(3)：40～44
(28)中共中央国务院关于深化教育改革全面推进素质教育的决定．1996．6