中铁十三集团公司质量、环境、职业健康安全保证体系设计
摘要
对质量环境职业健康安全管理体系进行整合实施一体化管理是国际发展趋势,我国建筑领域对于三大管理体系一体化研究与实践尚处于探索阶段,特别是在建筑企业的管理体系操作层(项目部)对于管理体系贯彻落实,保证管理体系的有效性等方面尚无统一的实施标准和案例规范。本文主要以中铁十三局集团公司兰武工程项目为例,通过对在质量环境职业健康安全一体化管理体系框架下进行质量环境职业健康安全保证体系设计,并跟踪运行情况,发现问题不断进行持续改进,通过对设计方案、实践过程和实施结果进行分析,最终总结出良好的保证体系设计,为建筑企业实施三大管理体系一体化管理提供成功的案例和具有典型意义的设计范本。
With the forming of global economic integration, the further opening international market , the swift and violent development of the information technology, the market competition is becoming fiercer, especially after our country joins WTO, Chinese enterprises must face the international standardized management, which is both the need of complying with the international standardized management trend, promoting Chinese enterprises to enter the international market and the one of improving the international competitiveness of Chinese enterprises too. As the national pillar industry in the national economy, the building enterprise of our country becomes the important component of implementing the 'Go-Out’policy after the accession to the WTO of our country even more, so we need to integrate with the international practice especially, accelerate international authentication paces, adopt the internationally advanced management standard, strengthen the international competitiveness of enterprises so as to incorporate with the international trade.
In the numerous international standard management systems, it is the serial standards of the IS09000 Quality Management System and the serial standards of IS014000 Environment Management System put out by the International Standards Organization (ISO), and the serial standards of OHSAS18000 Job Healthy and Safe Management System issued by the International Labor Organization that get adopted extensively in the world.
At present, what our enterprises have been mainly carrying on is marking authentication of three above-mentioned standards. Because these management standards have much generality and powerful compatibility, the enterprise that operates two or more management systems simultaneously will cause rising of management cost and increasing of difficulty in management, more and more administrators and scholars have realized that it is very essential to combine the integrated management to the environmental job of quality healthily and safely.The so-called integrated management system (IMQ) means the mode that two or three management systems are compatible and its public elements are mixed together, two or three systems are operated under the unified management framework. Usually it means to unify ISO9000 standard, ISO14000 standard and OHSAS18000 standard into one. The mergence of the management system has reflected three standard thoughts too, three standards put forward the standard considers compatibility with other two standards in the course of making in an introduction or preface. What three standards reflect is all the same management principle, namely: eight management principles, the management
system is to follow PDCA circulation characteristic and structure by the means of the process mode, which has offered theoretical foundation and practical possibility for the three management systems’combination, so it has already become the internationalized development trend that enterprises implement integrated management for the health and safety of quality, environment and job. Though it is an internationalized development trend to establish the combining-type managing system and the integrated authentication, it is still at a stage of exploring and trying in the management and implementation of the integrated management system of occupational health of quality safety of the building enterprise home and abroad. It does not have a unified implementation standard and case norm yet especially in such respects as implementation of the integrated management system in the operating layer of the management system in the building enterprise (namely project department), guaranteeing the good operation of the integrated management system, guaranteeing the validity of the integrated management system, fully reflecting the meaning of combination. Therefore, this text is devoted to studying how to design the quality environmental occupational health safety assurance system of the project mainly. Taking Lanwu project of 13 Group Companies of Chinese Railway as an example, this text divides four chapters to discuss how design the quality environmental occupational health safety assurance system of project under the integrated management system in group company so as to ensure implementation of integrative managing index of the group company. Chapter one mainly introduces the proposition of the integrated management system, current situation of research home and abroad, and the three international standard management systems of ISO9000 clan, ISO14000 clan and OHSMS18000 clan. Chapter two introduces the overview of the group, the necessity of the group company implementing the integrated management system, the construction principle of the integrated management system, the frame, management means and method of integrated management system, having analyzed the difficulty the group company faces while implementing the integrated management system. Chapter three analyses the difference and relation between the management system and the guaranteed systems at first, explains the main elements that should include in designing quality environmental occupational health safety assurance system secondly, taking Lanwu project department as an example and having made the concrete design. Chapter four summarizes the practice result of the design plan, and draws the conclusion through an analysis of the design plan, and put forward the sustained improving suggestion. Although this text is designed with one concrete project, the majority design contents in the scheme
With the forming of global economic integration, the further opening international market , the swift and violent development of the information technology, the market competition is becoming fiercer, especially after our country joins WTO, Chinese enterprises must face the international standardized management, which is both the need of complying with the international standardized management trend, promoting Chinese enterprises to enter the international market and the one of improving the international competitiveness of Chinese enterprises too. As the national pillar industry in the national economy, the building enterprise of our country becomes the important component of implementing the 'Go-Out’policy after the accession to the WTO of our country even more, so we need to integrate with the international practice especially, accelerate international authentication paces, adopt the internationally advanced management standard, strengthen the international competitiveness of enterprises so as to incorporate with the international trade.
In the numerous international standard management systems, it is the serial standards of the IS09000 Quality Management System and the serial standards of IS014000 Environment Management System put out by the International Standards Organization (ISO), and the serial standards of OHSAS18000 Job Healthy and Safe Management System issued by the International Labor Organization that get adopted extensively in the world.
At present, what our enterprises have been mainly carrying on is marking authentication of three above-mentioned standards. Because these management standards have much generality and powerful compatibility, the enterprise that operates two or more management systems simultaneously will cause rising of management cost and increasing of difficulty in management, more and more administrators and scholars have realized that it is very essential to combine the integrated management to the environmental job of quality healthily and safely.The so-called integrated management system (IMQ) means the mode that two or three management systems are compatible and its public elements are mixed together, two or three systems are operated under the unified management framework. Usually it means to unify ISO9000 standard, ISO14000 standard and OHSAS18000 standard into one. The mergence of the management system has reflected three standard thoughts too, three standards put forward the standard considers compatibility with other two standards in the course of making in an introduction or preface. What three standards reflect is all the same management principle, namely: eight management principles, the management
system is to follow PDCA circulation characteristic and structure by the means of the process mode, which has offered theoretical foundation and practical possibility for the three management systems’combination, so it has already become the internationalized development trend that enterprises implement integrated management for the health and safety of quality, environment and job. Though it is an internationalized development trend to establish the combining-type managing system and the integrated authentication, it is still at a stage of exploring and trying in the management and implementation of the integrated management system of occupational health of quality safety of the building enterprise home and abroad. It does not have a unified implementation standard and case norm yet especially in such respects as implementation of the integrated management system in the operating layer of the management system in the building enterprise (namely project department), guaranteeing the good operation of the integrated management system, guaranteeing the validity of the integrated management system, fully reflecting the meaning of combination. Therefore, this text is devoted to studying how to design the quality environmental occupational health safety assurance system of the project mainly. Taking Lanwu project of 13 Group Companies of Chinese Railway as an example, this text divides four chapters to discuss how design the quality environmental occupational health safety assurance system of project under the integrated management system in group company so as to ensure implementation of integrative managing index of the group company. Chapter one mainly introduces the proposition of the integrated management system, current situation of research home and abroad, and the three international standard management systems of ISO9000 clan, ISO14000 clan and OHSMS18000 clan. Chapter two introduces the overview of the group, the necessity of the group company implementing the integrated management system, the construction principle of the integrated management system, the frame, management means and method of integrated management system, having analyzed the difficulty the group company faces while implementing the integrated management system. Chapter three analyses the difference and relation between the management system and the guaranteed systems at first, explains the main elements that should include in designing quality environmental occupational health safety assurance system secondly, taking Lanwu project department as an example and having made the concrete design. Chapter four summarizes the practice result of the design plan, and draws the conclusion through an analysis of the design plan, and put forward the sustained improving suggestion. Although this text is designed with one concrete project, the majority design contents in the scheme
引文
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[28] 路桥华南工程有限公司,实施《三标一体化管理体系》夯实企业基础管理, 施工企业管理, No.9 2003.09
[29] 瞿焱,建筑企业质量环境安全一体化管理框架的构建及运用,浙江大学硕士学位论文,2002
[30] 石勇民,施工企业质量体系分析与管理研究,长安大学硕士学位论文,2001
[31] 潘杰新,论创立施工企业质量保证体系框架结构的构思,广东建材, No.9 2004.09
[32] 王顺棋等,关于OSHMS与EMS一体化管理体系要素要求的分析, 中国职业安全卫生管理体系认证, No.6 2003.06
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[35] 李文华、彭尚银,《建筑工程质量检验》,中国建筑工业出版社,2002.12
[36] 卫明,《建筑工程施工强制性条文实施指南》,中国建筑工业出版社,2004.12
[37] 刘书庆,《质量管理学》,机械工业出版社,2004.06
[38] 杜训,《建筑企业施工现场管理》,中国建筑工业出版社,1997.04
[39] 徐伟、金褔安, 《建设工程监理规范实施手册》,中国建筑工业出版社,2001.09
[40] 秦春芳,《建筑施工安全技术手册》,中国建筑工业出版社,1991.12
[41] 陈厚勇、冯朝楠等,《采用过程方法建立和实施一体化管理体系》,《中国质量认证》,2002年第2期
[42] 陈个,《职业安全卫生管理体系原理与实施》,气象出版社,2000.04
[43] 国家质量技术监督局,GB/T19001-2000 idt IS09001:2000,((质量管理体系一要求》,2000年12月发布,2001年6月1日实施
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[45] 国家质量技术监督局,GB/T24001-1996 idt ISO 14001:1996,((环境管理体系一规范及使用指南》,19%年12月发布,1997年4月1日实施
[46] 国家质量技术监督局,GB/T24004-1996 idt ISO 14004:1996,《环境管理体系一原则、体系和支持技术通用指南》,19%年12月发布,1997年4月1日实施
[2] 杨传喜,孙文怀等,建筑企业现代管理,黄河水利出版社,2001.11
[3] 中国质量管理和质量保证标准化技术委员会秘书处编著,2000版质量管理体系国家标准理解与实施,中国标准出版社,2001.04
[4] 中国质量管理和质量保证标准化技术委员会秘书处编著,2000版ISO/DIS9000族国际标准草案理解与实施,中国标准出版社,2000.03
[5] 陈元桥,GB/T28001-2001《职业健康安全管理体系规范》理解与实施,中国标准出版社, 2001.12
[6] 严刚汉,刘庆凡等,建筑施工现场管理,中国铁道出版社,2000.07
[7] 方东平,黄新宇等,工程建设安全管理,中国水利水电出版社,2001.11
[8] 王慧仪,蔡齐芳,建筑工程质量管理和质量保证手册,中国建筑出版社,1998.06
[9] 甘华鸣,项目管理,中国国际广播出版社,2002.04
[10] 王雪荣等,质量、环境、职业健康安全一体化管理体系在建筑行业中的应用,建筑经济,No.2 2004.02
[11] 孟宪国,ISO14001标准解说,中国标准出版社,2001.05
[12] 王雪荣等,质量、环境、职业健康安全一体化管理体系的理解要点,经济师,No.2 2004.02
[13] Ross Burns、Isis Fredericks & David Mack,Using ISO 14001 for Environmental Management Systems to Develop a Risk Based Integrated Management System Throughout NOVA Corporation,the Air & Waste Management Association's 90th Annual Meeting & Exhibition, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,June 12, 1997
[14] Mark Bekkering & David McCallum, The Benefits of ISO 14001 for Municipal Government The Hamilton-Wentworth Experience, August 1998, Municipal World, March 1999
[15] 黄金夫主编,《建筑企业如何建立和实施环境管理体系》,中国建筑工业出版社,2000.08
[16] 中国标准出版社编辑二室,GB/T24000-ISO14000 环境管理系列标准汇编,中国标准出版社, 2001.10
[17] 曹向阳,中国加入WTO建设业必备,中国建筑业出版社,2001年
[18] 陈志田, GB/T19001 GB/T24001 GB/T28001管理体系一体化总论,中国计量出版社,2002年
[19] 黄金夫,IS09001/IS014001/OHSAS18001整合型管理体系的建立与实施,中国标准出版社. 2002年
[20] 弗兰克.哈里斯,现代建筑管理,建筑工业出版社,2001
[21] 上海市工程建设监督研究会,施工现场安全生产保证体系的建立和实施,中国建 筑工业出版社,2000年王忠于,企业内部“整合管理体系”的建立与实施探讨,中国IS014000认证, 2002.03
[22] 中华人民共和国建设部/国家质量质量监督检验检疫总局,建设工程项目管理规范, 中国建筑工业出版社,2002 年
[23] Association of Project Management, Body of Knowledge (Fourth Edition), 2000
[24] 弗兰克.哈里斯,现代建筑管理,建筑工业出版社,2001年
[25] 宋明顺,WTO "贸易技术壁垒协议”规则实践及对策,中国计量出版社,2002年
[26] 陈志刚,建筑企业职业安全健康管理体系的建立与实施,机械工业出版社, 2003年
[27] 李君,建筑企业质量环境一体化管理体系运作实务,中国标准出版社,2002年
[28] 路桥华南工程有限公司,实施《三标一体化管理体系》夯实企业基础管理, 施工企业管理, No.9 2003.09
[29] 瞿焱,建筑企业质量环境安全一体化管理框架的构建及运用,浙江大学硕士学位论文,2002
[30] 石勇民,施工企业质量体系分析与管理研究,长安大学硕士学位论文,2001
[31] 潘杰新,论创立施工企业质量保证体系框架结构的构思,广东建材, No.9 2004.09
[32] 王顺棋等,关于OSHMS与EMS一体化管理体系要素要求的分析, 中国职业安全卫生管理体系认证, No.6 2003.06
[33] 余立军,《建设工程质量监督要点》,上海科学技术出版社,2002.01
[35] 李文华、彭尚银,《建筑工程质量检验》,中国建筑工业出版社,2002.12
[36] 卫明,《建筑工程施工强制性条文实施指南》,中国建筑工业出版社,2004.12
[37] 刘书庆,《质量管理学》,机械工业出版社,2004.06
[38] 杜训,《建筑企业施工现场管理》,中国建筑工业出版社,1997.04
[39] 徐伟、金褔安, 《建设工程监理规范实施手册》,中国建筑工业出版社,2001.09
[40] 秦春芳,《建筑施工安全技术手册》,中国建筑工业出版社,1991.12
[41] 陈厚勇、冯朝楠等,《采用过程方法建立和实施一体化管理体系》,《中国质量认证》,2002年第2期
[42] 陈个,《职业安全卫生管理体系原理与实施》,气象出版社,2000.04
[43] 国家质量技术监督局,GB/T19001-2000 idt IS09001:2000,((质量管理体系一要求》,2000年12月发布,2001年6月1日实施
[44] 国家质量技术监督局,GB/T19000-2000 idt IS09000:2000,《质量管理体系一原则和术语》,2000年12月发布,2001年6月1日实施
[45] 国家质量技术监督局,GB/T24001-1996 idt ISO 14001:1996,((环境管理体系一规范及使用指南》,19%年12月发布,1997年4月1日实施
[46] 国家质量技术监督局,GB/T24004-1996 idt ISO 14004:1996,《环境管理体系一原则、体系和支持技术通用指南》,19%年12月发布,1997年4月1日实施