建筑工人安全管理研究
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摘要
建筑工人队伍构成的改变要求建筑工人安全管理必须做出相应的变化和改进。随着我国建筑企业改制和用工制度的改革,建筑工人队伍发生了根本变化,管理层与劳务层两层分离,使建筑企业一线工人由原来的固定工自有职工,转变为现在的临时工农民工。这种状况导致了施工单位原有的自我管理的方式无法适应这种新情况,又因为现时激烈的建筑市场竞争,建筑业的蓬勃发展以及思想意识上农民工向产业工人的转变,建筑工人的安全成为了关注的问题。以往的对建筑工人安全的研究多是从安全的教育、文化、技术和劳动防护方面展开的,本论文从崭新的安全监理的角度对建筑工人安全进行了研究。
论文论述的重点是通过安全监理制度实现建筑工人的施工安全,主要在安全监理的委托方和付费方式方面提出了建议:安全监理的委托方为政府,费用支付可采取施工单位支付政府转交监理单位的方式或建设单位自愿选择支付方式。同时论文也应用安全科学的调整压力理论和精神分散理论对拖欠建筑工人工资的行为进行讨论,指出它对工人的心理造成的压力和影响,对工人安全构成了威胁。最后论文阐述安全激励计划对工人安全的作用。我国建筑业从业人员占全国工业企业总从业人员的三分之一强,对他们安全的关注体现了社会对人安全权认识的进步。
The change in construction workers' composition demands a corresponding change in construction workers' safety management. As the employment system and building enterprises' system reform are constantly on the way, fundamental changes have taken place in construction workers' body. The management section and labor section have departed from each other and the original first-line workers made up of fixed self-possessed staff have been replaced by migrant workers composed by temporary farmers. These changes lead to the fact that construction units' original self-management mode fails to adjust to the present new situation. The booming building industry development and the ideological change in people's view on migrant workers' role make construction workers' safety a public concern. While the past researches mainly concentrate on research aspects such as construction workers' safety education, safety culture, labor protection and safety technique,
论文论述的重点是通过安全监理制度实现建筑工人的施工安全,主要在安全监理的委托方和付费方式方面提出了建议:安全监理的委托方为政府,费用支付可采取施工单位支付政府转交监理单位的方式或建设单位自愿选择支付方式。同时论文也应用安全科学的调整压力理论和精神分散理论对拖欠建筑工人工资的行为进行讨论,指出它对工人的心理造成的压力和影响,对工人安全构成了威胁。最后论文阐述安全激励计划对工人安全的作用。我国建筑业从业人员占全国工业企业总从业人员的三分之一强,对他们安全的关注体现了社会对人安全权认识的进步。
The change in construction workers' composition demands a corresponding change in construction workers' safety management. As the employment system and building enterprises' system reform are constantly on the way, fundamental changes have taken place in construction workers' body. The management section and labor section have departed from each other and the original first-line workers made up of fixed self-possessed staff have been replaced by migrant workers composed by temporary farmers. These changes lead to the fact that construction units' original self-management mode fails to adjust to the present new situation. The booming building industry development and the ideological change in people's view on migrant workers' role make construction workers' safety a public concern. While the past researches mainly concentrate on research aspects such as construction workers' safety education, safety culture, labor protection and safety technique,
引文
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[17] 陈宝智,安全管理,第一版,北京,冶金工业出版社,2002,269-295页
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[19] 左东江,贡凯青,安全系统工程,第一版,北京,化学工业出版社,2004,47-58页
[20] 毛海峰,现代安全管理理论实务,第一版,北京,首都经济贸易大学出版社,2000,86-103页
[21] 陈士俊,安全心理学,第二版,天津,天津大学出版社,1999,73-78页
[22] 毛海峰,安全管理心理学,第一版,北京,化学工业出版社,2004,31-39页
[23] 黄国栋,安全生产管理学,第一版,北京,兵器工业出版社,1994,92-113页
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[26] 谢庆林,王秉权,安全人机工程,第一版,天津,天津大学出版社,1999,65-76页
[27] 丁玉兰主编,人机工程学,第一版,北京,北京理工大学出版社,1992,136-144页
[28] 吴照云,管理学,第一版,北京,经济管理出版社,2000,82-88页
[29] 朱祖祥主编,工程心理学,第一版,北京,华东师范大学出版社,1990,93-99页
[30] 符文琛,劳动安全与心理,第一版,北京,中国标准出版社,1995,38-42页
[31] Steven D. Pilla, Slip and Fall Prevention: a Practical Handbook, First Edition, Washington D. C., Lewis Publishers, 2003, P68-72
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[33] Clifford M. Florczak, Maximizing Profitability with Safety Culture Development, First Edition, New York, Elsevier Science, 2002, P16-25
[34] Goleman D, Working with Emotional Intelligence, First Edition, New York,
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[35]Drebinger J. W, Jr, Mastering Safety Communication: Communication Skills for a Safe, Productive and Profitable Workplace, First Edition, Galt, CA, Wulamoc Publishing, 2000, P86-89
[36]Daniels, A. C, Bring Out the Best in People, Second Edition, New York, McGraw-Hill, 2000, P77-84
[37]Bird, F. E. and Germain, G. L, The Property Damage Accident: The Neglected Part of Safety, First Edition, Loganville, GA, Institute Publishing, 1997, P122-130
[38]Geller, E. S, Beyoud Safety Accountability: How to Increase Personal Responsibility, First Edition, Neenah, WI, J. J. Keller & Associates, 1998, P53-62
[39]Geller, E. S, Building Successful Safety Teams: Together Everyone Achieves More, First Edition, Neenah. WI, J. J. Keller & Associates, 1998, P64-71
[40]E. Scott Geller, Working Safe: How to Help People Actively Care for Health and Safety, First Edition, Florida, Lewis Publishers, 2001, P53-67
[41]J. M. Stewart, Managing for World Class Safety, First Edition, New York, A Wiley-Interscience Publication, 2002, P77-81
[42]Vicki Bier, James Joosten, David Glyer, Jennifer Tracey, Michael Welsh, Effects of Deregulation on Safety: Implications from the Aviation, Rail and United Kingdom Nuclear Power, First Edition, Massachusetts, Kluwer Academic Pubishers, 2002, P51-63
[43]Trevor Kletz, An Engineer's View of Human Error, Third Edition, UK, ICHemE, 2001,P82-89
[44]Gawlinski, J. and Graessle, L, Planning Together, First Edition, London, Bedford Square, 1988, P34-46
[45]Harrell-Bond, B, Imposing Aid, First Edition, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1986, P98-113
[46]Reed, R, Emergency Sanitation, First Edition, Loughborough, Wex, 2002, P71-83
[47]W. Marras, Handbook of Occupational Ergonomics, First Edition, Boca Raton, FL,CRC Press, 1998, P86-92
[48]Douglas, M. Risk and Blame, Essays in Cultural Theory, First Edition, London, Routledge, 1992, P72-79
[2] 黄如宝,建设工程监理概论,第一版,北京,知识产权出版社,2003,56-58页
[3] 李清立,工程建设监理,第一版,北京,北方交通大学出版社,2003,23-34页
[4] 苏振民,工程建设监理自问,第二版,北京,中国建筑工业出版社,2003,98-109页
[5] 王长永,李树枫,工程建设监理概论,第一版,北京,科学出版社,2001,82-85页
[6] 肖维品,建设监理与工程控制,第一版,北京,科学出版社,2001,72-83页
[7] 中国建筑监理协会,建设工程监理概论,第二版,北京,知识产权出版社,2003,55-58页
[8] 吴英主编,安全卫生,第一版,天津,天津大学出版社,1999,36-42页
[9] 袁志文主编,建筑工程管理,第一版,北京,中国铁道出版社,2000,11-16页
[10] 陈立道主编,建设安全监理,第一版,北京,中国电力出版社,2002,44页
[11] 中国建设监理协会,建设工程监理相关法规文件汇编,第一版,北京,知识产权出版社,2001,66-68页
[12] 徐伟,李建伟,土木工程项目管理,第一版,上海,同济大学出版社,2000,54-59页
[13] 杨永英,施工企业项目管理,第二版,北京,中华工商联合出版社,1999,165-173页
[14] 迟计,刘铁民,面向二十一世纪的安全科学技术,第一版,北京,改革出版社,2000,77-62页
[15] 刘铁民主编,迈向新世纪的中国劳动卫生,第一版,北京,中国社会出版社,2000,16-23页
[16] 金龙哲,宋存义主编,安全科学原理,第一版,北京,化学工业出版社,2004,165-174页
[17] 陈宝智,安全管理,第一版,北京,冶金工业出版社,2002,269-295页
[18] 崔克清,张礼敬,陶刚,安全工程与科学导论,第一版,北京,化学工业出版社,2004,102-126页
[19] 左东江,贡凯青,安全系统工程,第一版,北京,化学工业出版社,2004,47-58页
[20] 毛海峰,现代安全管理理论实务,第一版,北京,首都经济贸易大学出版社,2000,86-103页
[21] 陈士俊,安全心理学,第二版,天津,天津大学出版社,1999,73-78页
[22] 毛海峰,安全管理心理学,第一版,北京,化学工业出版社,2004,31-39页
[23] 黄国栋,安全生产管理学,第一版,北京,兵器工业出版社,1994,92-113页
[24] 高永新,劳动安全管理,第一版,北京,气象出版社,2000,73-81页
[25] 赖永宝,吴传始,鲍道亮,企业安全管理概论,第一版,厦门,厦门大学出版社,2002,9-15页
[26] 谢庆林,王秉权,安全人机工程,第一版,天津,天津大学出版社,1999,65-76页
[27] 丁玉兰主编,人机工程学,第一版,北京,北京理工大学出版社,1992,136-144页
[28] 吴照云,管理学,第一版,北京,经济管理出版社,2000,82-88页
[29] 朱祖祥主编,工程心理学,第一版,北京,华东师范大学出版社,1990,93-99页
[30] 符文琛,劳动安全与心理,第一版,北京,中国标准出版社,1995,38-42页
[31] Steven D. Pilla, Slip and Fall Prevention: a Practical Handbook, First Edition, Washington D. C., Lewis Publishers, 2003, P68-72
[32] Joseph A. Cocciardi, Operating Safely in Hazardous Environments, First Edition, London, Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2001, P92-97
[33] Clifford M. Florczak, Maximizing Profitability with Safety Culture Development, First Edition, New York, Elsevier Science, 2002, P16-25
[34] Goleman D, Working with Emotional Intelligence, First Edition, New York,
??Bantarm Books, 1998, P121-130
[35]Drebinger J. W, Jr, Mastering Safety Communication: Communication Skills for a Safe, Productive and Profitable Workplace, First Edition, Galt, CA, Wulamoc Publishing, 2000, P86-89
[36]Daniels, A. C, Bring Out the Best in People, Second Edition, New York, McGraw-Hill, 2000, P77-84
[37]Bird, F. E. and Germain, G. L, The Property Damage Accident: The Neglected Part of Safety, First Edition, Loganville, GA, Institute Publishing, 1997, P122-130
[38]Geller, E. S, Beyoud Safety Accountability: How to Increase Personal Responsibility, First Edition, Neenah, WI, J. J. Keller & Associates, 1998, P53-62
[39]Geller, E. S, Building Successful Safety Teams: Together Everyone Achieves More, First Edition, Neenah. WI, J. J. Keller & Associates, 1998, P64-71
[40]E. Scott Geller, Working Safe: How to Help People Actively Care for Health and Safety, First Edition, Florida, Lewis Publishers, 2001, P53-67
[41]J. M. Stewart, Managing for World Class Safety, First Edition, New York, A Wiley-Interscience Publication, 2002, P77-81
[42]Vicki Bier, James Joosten, David Glyer, Jennifer Tracey, Michael Welsh, Effects of Deregulation on Safety: Implications from the Aviation, Rail and United Kingdom Nuclear Power, First Edition, Massachusetts, Kluwer Academic Pubishers, 2002, P51-63
[43]Trevor Kletz, An Engineer's View of Human Error, Third Edition, UK, ICHemE, 2001,P82-89
[44]Gawlinski, J. and Graessle, L, Planning Together, First Edition, London, Bedford Square, 1988, P34-46
[45]Harrell-Bond, B, Imposing Aid, First Edition, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1986, P98-113
[46]Reed, R, Emergency Sanitation, First Edition, Loughborough, Wex, 2002, P71-83
[47]W. Marras, Handbook of Occupational Ergonomics, First Edition, Boca Raton, FL,CRC Press, 1998, P86-92
[48]Douglas, M. Risk and Blame, Essays in Cultural Theory, First Edition, London, Routledge, 1992, P72-79