利用OPNET仿真分析CBTC系统中通信参数对列控的影响
|
摘要
车-地无线通信作为CBTC的重要环节,在很大程度上影响着整个运行控制系统的性能,一直以来都是研究的热点之一。在大量查阅国内外CBTC车地通信系统研究现状的基础上,笔者发现其中关于大铁GSM-R的研究稍多,城轨WLAN无线局域网方面的却较少,且缺少列控、通信相结合的研究。因此,本文在阐述城轨CBTC中车地无线信道特点的基础上,对影响列控系统的主要车地通信性能指标以及列车运行控制对车地通信系统的要求进行分析,并对CBTC系统主要通信参数进行了合理设计,论文在这方面的研究有一定的现实意义。
论文根据CBTC中车地无线信道的特点,分析了影响列控系统运行的主要车地通信性能指标,包括：传输错误信息、区间运行出现的连续丢包以及越区切换中断时间；就列车运行控制对车地通信的要求,对列车区间追踪运行对通信中断时间要求进行了分析,并提出了一个合理的系统通信中断时间门限值。
论文对CBTC中主要的无线通信参数进行了设计：结合仿真和实测结果,对隧道内无线传播损耗模型进行了修正,并综合阴影衰落、小尺度衰落其他影响通信距离的参数,对城轨CBTC系统区间AP布设进行了设计；利用分析衰落信道的经典GE模型,对区间连续丢包进行了统计分析,指出影响连续丢包个数的主要原因是信号的电平通过率以及平均衰落持续时间；最后分析了越区切换的整个流程,以及影响越区切换时间的主要因素,基于实测统计给出了不同情况下越区切换的时间。
论文最后利用OPNET仿真平台,建立了完整的基于802.11g的CBTC车地通信系统仿真模型；利用该仿真平台仿真了列控业务下的通信系统性能,并将之前分析所得参数结果引入具体的列控模型,分析了通信对列车追踪运行的影响。
To a large extent, wireless communication affects the performance of the train control system of CBTC. Up to now, there are more studies on GSM-R of railway than those on WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) of mass transit. In addition, there is no such study about the relationship between train control accuracy and train ground communication performance. For this reason, this thesis analyses the major performance of train ground communication, which influence the train control system. Firstly, the requirements of CBTC on wireless communication are analysed. Secondly, some parameters of the wireless communication system of CBTC are analysed. Furthermore, the major communication parameters in CBTC is designed based on the CBTC requirement. To some extent, these studies may be used for practice.
Based on the characteristics of the wireless channel in CBTC, Qos of communication is analyzed. The performance metrics includes:transmission error, continuous packet loss, and interruption time of handoff. The interruption time requirement of CBTC on the interruption time is also analysed. A rational threshold of the interruption time is given.
The major parameters of train ground communication system in CBTC is designed in this thesis. The wireless propagation loss model in tunnels is refined based on the simulation results and field measurements. Combined with other many other factors, a suitable interval between AP is suggested. Through GE model, the statistic of continuous packet loss is analyzed, and point out that the main reason that influence the number of continuous packet loss is level passing rate and average duration of fading. The whole process of handoff and the major factors influencing the handoff time is analyzed in the thesis. The handoff time in different circumstances is obtained from field measurements.
Using the OPNET simulation tools, the thesis construct a whole train ground communication system simulation model in CBTC based on 802.11g. Based on this model, the thesis simulates the performance of the train-ground communication system under the train control trafic. It also analyze the train ground communication's effect on train tracing operation with the simulation model and the relative parameters derived before.
论文根据CBTC中车地无线信道的特点,分析了影响列控系统运行的主要车地通信性能指标,包括：传输错误信息、区间运行出现的连续丢包以及越区切换中断时间；就列车运行控制对车地通信的要求,对列车区间追踪运行对通信中断时间要求进行了分析,并提出了一个合理的系统通信中断时间门限值。
论文对CBTC中主要的无线通信参数进行了设计：结合仿真和实测结果,对隧道内无线传播损耗模型进行了修正,并综合阴影衰落、小尺度衰落其他影响通信距离的参数,对城轨CBTC系统区间AP布设进行了设计；利用分析衰落信道的经典GE模型,对区间连续丢包进行了统计分析,指出影响连续丢包个数的主要原因是信号的电平通过率以及平均衰落持续时间；最后分析了越区切换的整个流程,以及影响越区切换时间的主要因素,基于实测统计给出了不同情况下越区切换的时间。
论文最后利用OPNET仿真平台,建立了完整的基于802.11g的CBTC车地通信系统仿真模型；利用该仿真平台仿真了列控业务下的通信系统性能,并将之前分析所得参数结果引入具体的列控模型,分析了通信对列车追踪运行的影响。
To a large extent, wireless communication affects the performance of the train control system of CBTC. Up to now, there are more studies on GSM-R of railway than those on WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) of mass transit. In addition, there is no such study about the relationship between train control accuracy and train ground communication performance. For this reason, this thesis analyses the major performance of train ground communication, which influence the train control system. Firstly, the requirements of CBTC on wireless communication are analysed. Secondly, some parameters of the wireless communication system of CBTC are analysed. Furthermore, the major communication parameters in CBTC is designed based on the CBTC requirement. To some extent, these studies may be used for practice.
Based on the characteristics of the wireless channel in CBTC, Qos of communication is analyzed. The performance metrics includes:transmission error, continuous packet loss, and interruption time of handoff. The interruption time requirement of CBTC on the interruption time is also analysed. A rational threshold of the interruption time is given.
The major parameters of train ground communication system in CBTC is designed in this thesis. The wireless propagation loss model in tunnels is refined based on the simulation results and field measurements. Combined with other many other factors, a suitable interval between AP is suggested. Through GE model, the statistic of continuous packet loss is analyzed, and point out that the main reason that influence the number of continuous packet loss is level passing rate and average duration of fading. The whole process of handoff and the major factors influencing the handoff time is analyzed in the thesis. The handoff time in different circumstances is obtained from field measurements.
Using the OPNET simulation tools, the thesis construct a whole train ground communication system simulation model in CBTC based on 802.11g. Based on this model, the thesis simulates the performance of the train-ground communication system under the train control trafic. It also analyze the train ground communication's effect on train tracing operation with the simulation model and the relative parameters derived before.
引文
[1]Rail Transit Vehicle Interface Standards Committee of the IEEE Vehicular Technology Society. IEEE Std 1474.1-2004. IEEE Standard for Communications-Based Train Control (CBTC) Performance and Functional Requirements. New York, USA
[2]唐涛 郜春海 李开成 燕飞.基于通信的列车运行控制技术发展战略探讨[J].都市快轨交通.2005年.第18卷.第6期.25-29
[3]赵红礼 吴海峰.地铁CBTC系统的无线测试.都市快轨交通[J].2010年4月.第23卷.97-98，108
[4]汪希时.基于通信技术的列车控制技术.中国铁路[J].2001年.第8期.11-13
[5]都春海.基于通信的轨道交通列车运行控制系统.现代城市轨道交通[J].2007年.第2期.7-10
[6]郜春海CBTC系统的系统设计文件.北京交通大学.2006年,33-35
[7]赵波波.基于UML的CBTC轨旁设备建模及实现[D].北京：北京交通大学.2006年
[8]陈锋华刘玲徐松.基于通信的列车控制(CBTC)系统[J].铁路通信信号工程技术.2005年.第1期，40-42
[9]李春宇徐洪泽.开放空间无线CBTC车地通信系统.铁路通信信号工程技术[J].2006年.第3卷.第3期,46-48,55
[10]马琳.城市轨道交通信号系统可靠性要求的研究[D].北京：北京交通大学,2005年
[11]IEEE ComPuter Soeiety. ANSI/IEEE Std 802.11,2007 Edition.Wireless LAN Medium Access Control(MAC) and Phtsical Layer(PHY) Specifications.New York.IEEE prest.2007
[12]Amain Z. Gunter H. A Train Control System Case Study in Model-Based Real Time System Design[C].In International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium, I EEE.2003:118-126
[13]Holger H, David NJ, Yaroslav SU. A Comparative Reliability Analysis of Train Radio Communications[R].Technical Report 2005
[14]David B.Green, M. S. Obaidat. An Accurate Line of Sight Propagation Performance Model for Ad-Hoc 802.11 Wireless LAN (WLAN) Devices.Communications,2002.ICC 2002.IEEE International Conference on, vol.5, pp.3424-3428, May 2002:2-4
[15]European Economic Interest Group-European Rail Traffic Management System. ETCS/GSM-R Quality of Service Operational Analysis. Reference EEIG:04E117. Distribution date:14/10/05. Document version:1
[16]Q. Chen, D. Jiang, V. Taliwal, L. Delgrossi, "IEEE 802.11 based vehicular communication simulation design for ns-2," in Proc of the 3rd International Workshop on Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET), Sept.2006, pp.50-53
[17]C. Bantin Alcatel, Canada. Mobile radio services for urban transport. Urban Transport XII: Urban Transport and the Environment in the 21st Century
[18]Paul Vincent Craven, Modeling the NAJPTC network using NS-2 [R], International Journal of Critical infrastructure projction2008:29-36
[19]高速无线列控专题组,“无线列控系统发展动向调查报告”,1997年8月
[20]钟章队,“无线数据传输在铁路安全中的应用研究”,北方交通大学研究报告,1999年8月
[21]步兵.基于通信的列车控制系统的可靠性分析方法[J].交通运输工程学报.2001年.第1卷.第1期.61-64
[22]谢凡,李开成.无线局域网在CBTC系统中可用性及测试方案研究[J].兰州交通大学学报(自然科学版)2006年.第25卷.第4期.102-105
[23]张晴董德存CBTC系统数据通信子系统的可靠性分析[J].同济大学学报.2008年.第4期.63-65
[24]徐田华,李树,唐涛.列控系统中数据通信子系统可靠性研究[J].北京交通大学学报.2007年31卷5期.23-26,43
[25]牛儒唐涛.基于CPN的CBTC地面数据通信系统仿真和分析[J].系统仿真学报.2008年20卷17期.47444747
[26]南海兰王湘钟章队GSM-R网络小区覆盖半径的算法研究[J].铁道学报.2005年.第27卷.第1期.66-69
[27]任静黄吉莹钟章队GSM-R网络小区半径和重叠区规划[J].铁道通信信号.2007年.第43卷.第5期.38-40
[28]徐田华唐涛.基于有色Petri网的ETCS通信系统与列车间隔分析[J].系统仿真学报.2007年.第19卷.第21期.5038-5041
[29]步兵CBTC.系统中无线通信的可用性分析[D].北京.北京交通大学.2001
[30]刘乃安.无线局域网(WLAN)——原理、技术与应用[M].西安电子科技大学出版社.2004
[31]常波.无线局域网信道特性的研究.现代电子技术[M].2007年.第30卷.第7期,7,61-63,,66
[32]李仲令李少谦唐友喜.现代无线与移动通信技术[M].科学出版社.2006
[33]姚光圻.隧道中电波传播特性实验研究.铁道学报[J].1994年.第16卷.第3期,123-126
[34]张跃平,张文梅,郑国莘,盛剑桓.预测隧道中传播损耗的混合模型.电子学报[J].2001年.第29卷.第9期,1283-1286
[35]余晨辉.高速铁路隧道无线传输损耗模型校正[J].移动通信.2001年.第31卷.第12期.73-76
[36]吴琼,彭章友.地铁隧道中信道的统计建模[J].软件天地.2008年.第11期.29-31
[37]J. Schwarz,daSilva,S. Mahmoud. Capacity Degradation Of Packet Radio Fading Channels. Department of Systems Engineering and Computing Science Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
[38]刘宏杰CBTC系统中列车安全定位方法的研究[D].北京.北京交通大学.2008
[39]张申.帐篷定律与隧道无线数字通信信道建模[J].通信学报.2002年.第23卷.第11期.41-50
[40]李冰玉 张申.隧道内微波多径传播特性的仿真[J].微波学报.2003年.第19卷.第4期.37-41
[41]罗丽云 吴汶麒.城市轨道交通移动闭塞列车安全间隔时间分析[J].中国铁道科学.2005年.第26卷.第1期.119-123
[42]WinProp Wave Propagation & Network Planning Tool Proman User Reference;
[43]Antenna Pattern Editor AMan User Manual; AWE Communications GmbH
[44]WallMan User Reference Guide;AWE Communications GmbH
[45]IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) specifications:[S].2007.
[46]Haowei Bai,HoneyWell Aerospace. Error Modeling Schemes For Faing Channels In Wireless Communications:A Survey. Fourth Quarter 2003,Volume 5,No.2
[47]Samuel H. Russ.802.11g Packet-Loss Behavior at High Sustained Bit Rates in the Home. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Vol.55, No.2, MAY 2009
[2]唐涛 郜春海 李开成 燕飞.基于通信的列车运行控制技术发展战略探讨[J].都市快轨交通.2005年.第18卷.第6期.25-29
[3]赵红礼 吴海峰.地铁CBTC系统的无线测试.都市快轨交通[J].2010年4月.第23卷.97-98，108
[4]汪希时.基于通信技术的列车控制技术.中国铁路[J].2001年.第8期.11-13
[5]都春海.基于通信的轨道交通列车运行控制系统.现代城市轨道交通[J].2007年.第2期.7-10
[6]郜春海CBTC系统的系统设计文件.北京交通大学.2006年,33-35
[7]赵波波.基于UML的CBTC轨旁设备建模及实现[D].北京：北京交通大学.2006年
[8]陈锋华刘玲徐松.基于通信的列车控制(CBTC)系统[J].铁路通信信号工程技术.2005年.第1期，40-42
[9]李春宇徐洪泽.开放空间无线CBTC车地通信系统.铁路通信信号工程技术[J].2006年.第3卷.第3期,46-48,55
[10]马琳.城市轨道交通信号系统可靠性要求的研究[D].北京：北京交通大学,2005年
[11]IEEE ComPuter Soeiety. ANSI/IEEE Std 802.11,2007 Edition.Wireless LAN Medium Access Control(MAC) and Phtsical Layer(PHY) Specifications.New York.IEEE prest.2007
[12]Amain Z. Gunter H. A Train Control System Case Study in Model-Based Real Time System Design[C].In International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium, I EEE.2003:118-126
[13]Holger H, David NJ, Yaroslav SU. A Comparative Reliability Analysis of Train Radio Communications[R].Technical Report 2005
[14]David B.Green, M. S. Obaidat. An Accurate Line of Sight Propagation Performance Model for Ad-Hoc 802.11 Wireless LAN (WLAN) Devices.Communications,2002.ICC 2002.IEEE International Conference on, vol.5, pp.3424-3428, May 2002:2-4
[15]European Economic Interest Group-European Rail Traffic Management System. ETCS/GSM-R Quality of Service Operational Analysis. Reference EEIG:04E117. Distribution date:14/10/05. Document version:1
[16]Q. Chen, D. Jiang, V. Taliwal, L. Delgrossi, "IEEE 802.11 based vehicular communication simulation design for ns-2," in Proc of the 3rd International Workshop on Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET), Sept.2006, pp.50-53
[17]C. Bantin Alcatel, Canada. Mobile radio services for urban transport. Urban Transport XII: Urban Transport and the Environment in the 21st Century
[18]Paul Vincent Craven, Modeling the NAJPTC network using NS-2 [R], International Journal of Critical infrastructure projction2008:29-36
[19]高速无线列控专题组,“无线列控系统发展动向调查报告”,1997年8月
[20]钟章队,“无线数据传输在铁路安全中的应用研究”,北方交通大学研究报告,1999年8月
[21]步兵.基于通信的列车控制系统的可靠性分析方法[J].交通运输工程学报.2001年.第1卷.第1期.61-64
[22]谢凡,李开成.无线局域网在CBTC系统中可用性及测试方案研究[J].兰州交通大学学报(自然科学版)2006年.第25卷.第4期.102-105
[23]张晴董德存CBTC系统数据通信子系统的可靠性分析[J].同济大学学报.2008年.第4期.63-65
[24]徐田华,李树,唐涛.列控系统中数据通信子系统可靠性研究[J].北京交通大学学报.2007年31卷5期.23-26,43
[25]牛儒唐涛.基于CPN的CBTC地面数据通信系统仿真和分析[J].系统仿真学报.2008年20卷17期.47444747
[26]南海兰王湘钟章队GSM-R网络小区覆盖半径的算法研究[J].铁道学报.2005年.第27卷.第1期.66-69
[27]任静黄吉莹钟章队GSM-R网络小区半径和重叠区规划[J].铁道通信信号.2007年.第43卷.第5期.38-40
[28]徐田华唐涛.基于有色Petri网的ETCS通信系统与列车间隔分析[J].系统仿真学报.2007年.第19卷.第21期.5038-5041
[29]步兵CBTC.系统中无线通信的可用性分析[D].北京.北京交通大学.2001
[30]刘乃安.无线局域网(WLAN)——原理、技术与应用[M].西安电子科技大学出版社.2004
[31]常波.无线局域网信道特性的研究.现代电子技术[M].2007年.第30卷.第7期,7,61-63,,66
[32]李仲令李少谦唐友喜.现代无线与移动通信技术[M].科学出版社.2006
[33]姚光圻.隧道中电波传播特性实验研究.铁道学报[J].1994年.第16卷.第3期,123-126
[34]张跃平,张文梅,郑国莘,盛剑桓.预测隧道中传播损耗的混合模型.电子学报[J].2001年.第29卷.第9期,1283-1286
[35]余晨辉.高速铁路隧道无线传输损耗模型校正[J].移动通信.2001年.第31卷.第12期.73-76
[36]吴琼,彭章友.地铁隧道中信道的统计建模[J].软件天地.2008年.第11期.29-31
[37]J. Schwarz,daSilva,S. Mahmoud. Capacity Degradation Of Packet Radio Fading Channels. Department of Systems Engineering and Computing Science Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
[38]刘宏杰CBTC系统中列车安全定位方法的研究[D].北京.北京交通大学.2008
[39]张申.帐篷定律与隧道无线数字通信信道建模[J].通信学报.2002年.第23卷.第11期.41-50
[40]李冰玉 张申.隧道内微波多径传播特性的仿真[J].微波学报.2003年.第19卷.第4期.37-41
[41]罗丽云 吴汶麒.城市轨道交通移动闭塞列车安全间隔时间分析[J].中国铁道科学.2005年.第26卷.第1期.119-123
[42]WinProp Wave Propagation & Network Planning Tool Proman User Reference;
[43]Antenna Pattern Editor AMan User Manual; AWE Communications GmbH
[44]WallMan User Reference Guide;AWE Communications GmbH
[45]IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) specifications:[S].2007.
[46]Haowei Bai,HoneyWell Aerospace. Error Modeling Schemes For Faing Channels In Wireless Communications:A Survey. Fourth Quarter 2003,Volume 5,No.2
[47]Samuel H. Russ.802.11g Packet-Loss Behavior at High Sustained Bit Rates in the Home. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Vol.55, No.2, MAY 2009