基于GIS的崇义县矿山应急救援系统的研究
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摘要
我国是矿产资源大国,矿业每年为我国创造了巨大的经济效益。但是我国矿山的安全生产形势不容乐观,矿山事故频发,每年给人民的生命、财产造成很大的损失。严峻的形势对矿山的应急管理提出了更高的要求,但是目前县域矿山应急资源的管理还处在文件管理阶段。这种模式显然会影响矿山事故的应急反应速度,与应急管理的紧迫性要求还有很大的差距。GIS因其特有的空间、属性数据的管理能力及强大的检索查询、空间分析功能,可以为应急资源管理过程中实时获取信息和决策分析提供强有力的工作平台和技术支撑。
本文从矿山事故类型、矿山事故的预防、事故救援体系等方面对我国矿山事故应急救援的现状进行了系统的分析,并对我国县域矿山事故应急资源的信息化管理提出了建议。鉴于GIS在风险评估、防灾规划、减灾、应急响应及灾后恢复中所发挥的重要作用,作者运用Visual Basic语言、Access 2003数据库、ArcGIS Engine组件在Microsoft Visual Basic 2008 Express Edition平台上构建了崇义县矿山应急救援系统。该系统可以使崇义县矿山的基本情况、应急资源、应急人员、外部救援力量、矿点的分布状况、矿山周边交通信息、矿山所在区域信息等全方位快速呈现,为矿山事故救援决策人员提供了可视化的信息,该系统具有很强的实用性。
China is rich in mineral resources. Mining industry has created the huge economic benefit for our country every year. But the situation of safety in production of the mine seems not to be optimistic, the cost of the mine accident in lives and property was great. The drastic situation set an even higher demand on the emergency management for mine. The management of mine emergency resources in county is still in the stage of document management. This model will influence the speed of emergency response for mine accident. Obviously, it still has the bigger margin compared with the demand immediacy of emergency management. Geographical Information System (GIS) can supply a virile platform and technology support for getting the information decision analysis all the time in the process of the management of emergency resources, because of its characteristic function of spatial data and attribute data management, retrieval and analysis.
This paper has analyzed the situation of emergency rescue for mine accident in China based on the respects of the mine accident type, the precautionof mine accident, the system of emergency rescue for mine accident. And it gives some suggestion on the informationization management of emergency resources for mine accident in county territory.
GIS has played an important role in risk assessment, pre-disaster planning, disaster reduction, emergency response and post-disaster recovery, and the author has builded Mine Emergency Rescue System of Chongyi County in the Microsoft Visual Basic 2008 Express Edition platform using Visual Basic langue, Access 2003 database and ArcGIS Engine component. This system makes the general information, emergency rescoures, emergency personnel, external emergency organization of mines, the distribution of mineral occurrence, traffic information around mines, the information of mines affected area in Chongyi county to all-directional display quickly, and supplies visual information for decision-makers of emergency rescue for mine accident. The system has powerful practicality.
本文从矿山事故类型、矿山事故的预防、事故救援体系等方面对我国矿山事故应急救援的现状进行了系统的分析,并对我国县域矿山事故应急资源的信息化管理提出了建议。鉴于GIS在风险评估、防灾规划、减灾、应急响应及灾后恢复中所发挥的重要作用,作者运用Visual Basic语言、Access 2003数据库、ArcGIS Engine组件在Microsoft Visual Basic 2008 Express Edition平台上构建了崇义县矿山应急救援系统。该系统可以使崇义县矿山的基本情况、应急资源、应急人员、外部救援力量、矿点的分布状况、矿山周边交通信息、矿山所在区域信息等全方位快速呈现,为矿山事故救援决策人员提供了可视化的信息,该系统具有很强的实用性。
China is rich in mineral resources. Mining industry has created the huge economic benefit for our country every year. But the situation of safety in production of the mine seems not to be optimistic, the cost of the mine accident in lives and property was great. The drastic situation set an even higher demand on the emergency management for mine. The management of mine emergency resources in county is still in the stage of document management. This model will influence the speed of emergency response for mine accident. Obviously, it still has the bigger margin compared with the demand immediacy of emergency management. Geographical Information System (GIS) can supply a virile platform and technology support for getting the information decision analysis all the time in the process of the management of emergency resources, because of its characteristic function of spatial data and attribute data management, retrieval and analysis.
This paper has analyzed the situation of emergency rescue for mine accident in China based on the respects of the mine accident type, the precautionof mine accident, the system of emergency rescue for mine accident. And it gives some suggestion on the informationization management of emergency resources for mine accident in county territory.
GIS has played an important role in risk assessment, pre-disaster planning, disaster reduction, emergency response and post-disaster recovery, and the author has builded Mine Emergency Rescue System of Chongyi County in the Microsoft Visual Basic 2008 Express Edition platform using Visual Basic langue, Access 2003 database and ArcGIS Engine component. This system makes the general information, emergency rescoures, emergency personnel, external emergency organization of mines, the distribution of mineral occurrence, traffic information around mines, the information of mines affected area in Chongyi county to all-directional display quickly, and supplies visual information for decision-makers of emergency rescue for mine accident. The system has powerful practicality.
引文
[1]安雯.南非矿山安全与应急救援培训(上)[J].现代职业安全,2008,Vol.84:66～67
[2] Linet Ozdamar,Ediz Ekinci.Emergency Logistics Planning in Natural Disasters[J].Annals of Operations Researeh.2004:217～245
[3] Piotr Buchwald.Polish System of Emergency Rescue[A].in:王德学.第一届中国国际安全生产应急管理和应急救援论坛论文集.北京:煤炭工业出版社,2007, 15～17
[4] Charles Vaught, Michael J ,Brnich, Launa G, Mallett.An Oral History Analysis of Mine Emergency Response[R].Information Circular,2004
[5] Alex Albert Gryska.MASHA’s Ontario Mine Rescue Program[A].in:王德学.第一届中国国际安全生产应急管理和应急救援论坛论文集.北京:煤炭工业出版社,2007, 93～95
[6]李毅中.加强安全生产应急管理提高防范和应对事故灾难能力[R].第一届中国国际安全生产应急管理和应急救援论坛,2007
[7]梅国栋,刘璐,文虎.关于我国矿山应急救援体系的探讨[J] .矿业安全与环保,2006,Vol.33(2):79～81
[8]中华人民共和国国务院令第493号.生产安全事故报告和调查处理条例,2007
[9]山东招金集团有限公司.矿山事故分析及系统安全管理.北京:冶金工业出版社,2004
[10]吴和平,陈建宏,习泳.金属矿山工程灾害分析与控制对策[J].资源环境与工程,2001,Vol.21(2):140～143
[11]国家安全生产监督管理总局培训中心.金属非金属矿山主要负责人和安全生产管理人员培训教材.北京:煤炭工业出版社,2006
[12]中华人民共和国主席令第65号.中华人民共和国矿山安全法,1993
[13]陈正江,汤国安,任晓东.地理信息系统设计与开发.北京:科学出版社,2005. 6～7
[14]刘惠徳，孙晓宇.基于GIS的矿山安全生产信息系统[J].中国矿业,2008,Vol.17(12):15～16
[15]刘钊,程锦,张远智.基于GIS的城市火灾信息管理与分析系统[J].灾害学,2000,Vol.15(1):11～14
[16]李亚威,黄锐,郭宁等.基于GIS的公共安全危险源监测技术研究[J].工业安全与环保,2010,Vol.36(8):46～48
[17]桂祥友,马云东.GIS在矿业环境管理系统中的应用研究[J].工业安全与环保,2005,Vol.31(8):44～46
[18]周亦赤,武强.基于GIS的煤矿生产安全管理系统[J].安全与环境工程,2003,Vol.10(4):93～95
[19]费丽娜,方源敏,吴晓明.基于GIS应急处理系统的设计[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2007,Vol.3(2):99～102
[20]刘惠德,孙晓宇.基于GIS的矿山安全生产管理信息系统[J].中国矿业,2008,Vol.17(12):15～16
[21]兰淑铎,陈春香,付新涛.基于ArcGIS Engine的广西大厂矿山地质灾害信息系统[J].电子技术,2007,Vol.34(11):109～111
[22]黄解军,叶发旺,齐培培等.基于GIS的矿山决策支持系统[J].金属矿山,2009(3):96～99
[23]李树刚,潘宏宇,黎静.基于GIS的煤矿应急救援系统研究[A] .中国职业安全健康协会2007年学术年会论文集[C];2007年
[24]谢旭阳,邓云峰,刘铁民.基于GIS的城市公共安全监察管理与重大事故应急决策支持系统[A].城市公共安全与应急体系高层论坛论文集[C].北京:2005年
[25]姚国章.应急管理信息化建设.北京:北京大学出版社,2009.191～207[17]马玉晓.基于WebGIS的矿山安全突发事件防范应急系统的设计与实现[J].矿业安全与环保,2006,Vol.33(2):82～84
[26] David Maguire,Michael Goodchild,David Rhind.The History of GIS[C].Geographical Information System Principles and Applications.NewYork,1995:21～431
[27] W.G.Booty.System integration of GIS and environmental models in the personal Computer environment[J].OGIS,1996
[28]胡鹏.地理信息系统教程.武汉:武汉大学出版社,2007
[29]刘光,刘小东.地理信息系统二次开发实例——C和#MapObjects实现,清华大学出版社,2004.5
[30] Marbeth Price.ArcGIS地理信息系统教程(李玉龙,闫卫东,王杨刚等译).北京:电子工业出版社,2009
[31]吴秀芹,张洪岩等.ArcGIS 9地理信息系统应用与实践,清华大学出版社,2007.6
[32]张明广,将军成,张巍等.基于组件式GIS的重大危险源管理系统的设计与开发[J].中国安全科学学报,2005,vol.15(2):25~28
[33]王延章,叶鑫,裘江南,王宁.应急管理信息系统.北京:科学出版社,2010.12～17
[34] Health&safety Commission.Advisory Committee on Major Hazards source.First Report.The Control of Major hazard source.London,1994
[35] Michael F GoodChild.Geographic Information System and Science.New York:John Wiley&Sons.2002
[36]石伟等.ArcGIS地理信息系统详解.北京:科学出版社,2009
[37]杨涛,李敏,刘清风.中文版Access2003实用教程.北京:清华大学出版社,2007
[38]周之英.现代软件工程(上、中、下).北京:科学出版社.2000
[39]兰小机,刘德儿. ArcObjects GIS应用开发——基于C#.NET.赣州:江西理工大学,2006
[40] Tufekei S.An integrated emergency management decision support system for hurricanes emergencies[J].Safety Science,1994,20:39～48
[41] Fiedrich F,Gehbauer F,Ricker U.Optimized Resource Allocation for Emergency Response after Earthquake Disasters.Safety Science.2000,30:41～57
[42] Michael Halvorson.Visual Basic 2008从入门到精通(汤涌涛译).北京:清华大学出版社,2008
[43] David Schneider.Visual Basic 2008程序设计(张长富等译).北京:清华大学出版社,2009
[44] Thearon Willis,Bryan Newsome.Visual Basic 2008入门经典(徐燕华译).北京:清华大学出版社,2009
[45] Ronald H. Mountain. A System for Local Authority Management in a Major Emergency[J]. Disaster Prevention and Management, 1993, Vol.2 (1)
[46] General review.Towards the development of standards in emergency management training and education[J]. Disaster Prevention and Management, 2003, Vol.12 (2)
[47] Smith JE, Nau RF.Valuing risky Project: option pricing theory and decison analysis.Management Science 2005; 41 (5)
[2] Linet Ozdamar,Ediz Ekinci.Emergency Logistics Planning in Natural Disasters[J].Annals of Operations Researeh.2004:217～245
[3] Piotr Buchwald.Polish System of Emergency Rescue[A].in:王德学.第一届中国国际安全生产应急管理和应急救援论坛论文集.北京:煤炭工业出版社,2007, 15～17
[4] Charles Vaught, Michael J ,Brnich, Launa G, Mallett.An Oral History Analysis of Mine Emergency Response[R].Information Circular,2004
[5] Alex Albert Gryska.MASHA’s Ontario Mine Rescue Program[A].in:王德学.第一届中国国际安全生产应急管理和应急救援论坛论文集.北京:煤炭工业出版社,2007, 93～95
[6]李毅中.加强安全生产应急管理提高防范和应对事故灾难能力[R].第一届中国国际安全生产应急管理和应急救援论坛,2007
[7]梅国栋,刘璐,文虎.关于我国矿山应急救援体系的探讨[J] .矿业安全与环保,2006,Vol.33(2):79～81
[8]中华人民共和国国务院令第493号.生产安全事故报告和调查处理条例,2007
[9]山东招金集团有限公司.矿山事故分析及系统安全管理.北京:冶金工业出版社,2004
[10]吴和平,陈建宏,习泳.金属矿山工程灾害分析与控制对策[J].资源环境与工程,2001,Vol.21(2):140～143
[11]国家安全生产监督管理总局培训中心.金属非金属矿山主要负责人和安全生产管理人员培训教材.北京:煤炭工业出版社,2006
[12]中华人民共和国主席令第65号.中华人民共和国矿山安全法,1993
[13]陈正江,汤国安,任晓东.地理信息系统设计与开发.北京:科学出版社,2005. 6～7
[14]刘惠徳，孙晓宇.基于GIS的矿山安全生产信息系统[J].中国矿业,2008,Vol.17(12):15～16
[15]刘钊,程锦,张远智.基于GIS的城市火灾信息管理与分析系统[J].灾害学,2000,Vol.15(1):11～14
[16]李亚威,黄锐,郭宁等.基于GIS的公共安全危险源监测技术研究[J].工业安全与环保,2010,Vol.36(8):46～48
[17]桂祥友,马云东.GIS在矿业环境管理系统中的应用研究[J].工业安全与环保,2005,Vol.31(8):44～46
[18]周亦赤,武强.基于GIS的煤矿生产安全管理系统[J].安全与环境工程,2003,Vol.10(4):93～95
[19]费丽娜,方源敏,吴晓明.基于GIS应急处理系统的设计[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2007,Vol.3(2):99～102
[20]刘惠德,孙晓宇.基于GIS的矿山安全生产管理信息系统[J].中国矿业,2008,Vol.17(12):15～16
[21]兰淑铎,陈春香,付新涛.基于ArcGIS Engine的广西大厂矿山地质灾害信息系统[J].电子技术,2007,Vol.34(11):109～111
[22]黄解军,叶发旺,齐培培等.基于GIS的矿山决策支持系统[J].金属矿山,2009(3):96～99
[23]李树刚,潘宏宇,黎静.基于GIS的煤矿应急救援系统研究[A] .中国职业安全健康协会2007年学术年会论文集[C];2007年
[24]谢旭阳,邓云峰,刘铁民.基于GIS的城市公共安全监察管理与重大事故应急决策支持系统[A].城市公共安全与应急体系高层论坛论文集[C].北京:2005年
[25]姚国章.应急管理信息化建设.北京:北京大学出版社,2009.191～207[17]马玉晓.基于WebGIS的矿山安全突发事件防范应急系统的设计与实现[J].矿业安全与环保,2006,Vol.33(2):82～84
[26] David Maguire,Michael Goodchild,David Rhind.The History of GIS[C].Geographical Information System Principles and Applications.NewYork,1995:21～431
[27] W.G.Booty.System integration of GIS and environmental models in the personal Computer environment[J].OGIS,1996
[28]胡鹏.地理信息系统教程.武汉:武汉大学出版社,2007
[29]刘光,刘小东.地理信息系统二次开发实例——C和#MapObjects实现,清华大学出版社,2004.5
[30] Marbeth Price.ArcGIS地理信息系统教程(李玉龙,闫卫东,王杨刚等译).北京:电子工业出版社,2009
[31]吴秀芹,张洪岩等.ArcGIS 9地理信息系统应用与实践,清华大学出版社,2007.6
[32]张明广,将军成,张巍等.基于组件式GIS的重大危险源管理系统的设计与开发[J].中国安全科学学报,2005,vol.15(2):25~28
[33]王延章,叶鑫,裘江南,王宁.应急管理信息系统.北京:科学出版社,2010.12～17
[34] Health&safety Commission.Advisory Committee on Major Hazards source.First Report.The Control of Major hazard source.London,1994
[35] Michael F GoodChild.Geographic Information System and Science.New York:John Wiley&Sons.2002
[36]石伟等.ArcGIS地理信息系统详解.北京:科学出版社,2009
[37]杨涛,李敏,刘清风.中文版Access2003实用教程.北京:清华大学出版社,2007
[38]周之英.现代软件工程(上、中、下).北京:科学出版社.2000
[39]兰小机,刘德儿. ArcObjects GIS应用开发——基于C#.NET.赣州:江西理工大学,2006
[40] Tufekei S.An integrated emergency management decision support system for hurricanes emergencies[J].Safety Science,1994,20:39～48
[41] Fiedrich F,Gehbauer F,Ricker U.Optimized Resource Allocation for Emergency Response after Earthquake Disasters.Safety Science.2000,30:41～57
[42] Michael Halvorson.Visual Basic 2008从入门到精通(汤涌涛译).北京:清华大学出版社,2008
[43] David Schneider.Visual Basic 2008程序设计(张长富等译).北京:清华大学出版社,2009
[44] Thearon Willis,Bryan Newsome.Visual Basic 2008入门经典(徐燕华译).北京:清华大学出版社,2009
[45] Ronald H. Mountain. A System for Local Authority Management in a Major Emergency[J]. Disaster Prevention and Management, 1993, Vol.2 (1)
[46] General review.Towards the development of standards in emergency management training and education[J]. Disaster Prevention and Management, 2003, Vol.12 (2)
[47] Smith JE, Nau RF.Valuing risky Project: option pricing theory and decison analysis.Management Science 2005; 41 (5)