螺旋桩基础在斜向荷载作用下的力学特性与承载机理研究
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摘要
从广义上讲工程桩的载荷形式均可以视为斜向任意偏心载荷,即工程桩同时承受轴向荷载、水平荷载、扭矩和力偶的组合作用。本文研究的荷载形式是作用于桩顶的非偏心斜向荷载(包括水平荷载)。对于变截面、异形的螺旋桩而言,在斜向荷载作用下,其桩体的力学性质、桩土系统的力学响应、外荷载的倾角以及荷载耦合作用等因素导致了螺旋桩基础的荷载传递机理和破坏模式要比单一竖向荷载、单一水平荷载条件下的桩基础力学特性更为复杂。为此,使用试验、理论分析和数值模拟等技术手段,开展了斜向荷载螺旋桩基础承载机理和设计理论研究工作。
首先,通过两组6次水平荷载作用的螺旋桩基础试验、两组11次斜向荷载承压螺旋桩基础试验和两组6次斜向荷载抗拔螺旋桩基础试验,实测了桩顶位移、桩顶荷载以及地基应力,研究了三种荷载形式下螺旋桩基础的桩土相互作用规律、斜向载荷水平分量与竖向分量的耦合效应、极限载荷判定以及螺旋桩基础破坏形式等关键问题,建议了相应极限承载力的判定方法,为提出斜向荷载承压、抗拔螺旋桩的破坏模式和相关设计理论奠定了基础。
其次,在水平载荷、斜向压力、斜向拉力和竖向载荷等三种载荷试验的基础上,提出了斜向荷载承压螺旋单桩破坏模式、抗拔螺旋单桩破坏模式以及抗拔螺旋群桩基础的破坏模式,进而使用土力学、基础工程学、连续介质力学、弹性力学以及数学相关基础理论,建立了斜向荷载承压单桩、抗拔单桩以及抗拔群桩的极限荷载设计理论,建议了斜向荷载承压、抗拔螺旋桩基础极限荷载计算的判定条件。在竖向承压群桩的沉降设计理论方面,本文基于弹性力学的Mindlin解、土力学和基础工程学相关理论,推导了地基内部双集中力的地基应力影响界限深度和螺旋桩基础沉降计算方法。
第三,对斜向荷载工程桩基础开展了三维弹塑性有限元分析(ANSYS8.0软件)和载荷试验工作,研究了螺旋群桩基础的承载机理和影响因素。应用所提出的斜向载荷螺旋单桩、群桩基础极限载荷设计理论和沉降设计理论,进行了工程桩基础的极限斜向荷载和沉降两方面设计工作。有限元计算结果、理论计算结果和工程实测结果比较接近,所提出的相关设计理论对螺旋桩基础工程设计有一定的指导意义。
On the general concept, the loading form of engineering pile can be seen as the inclined loading, which the loading combination of axial and horizontal loading acts on pile at one time. For the variable cross-section and abnormity screw pile, the mechanism of load transfer and its failure model by inclined loading condition are more complex than the mechanics property of screw pile under axial or horizontal loading condition, because of the mechanics property of pile, mechanics response of pile-ground, inclination of loading and couple effect of loading. Therefore, the load-bearing mechanics and designing theory of screw pile and pile group under inclined loading are studied by the examination, some theory and finite element method (FEM).
First, by6times of2group of screw pile test under horizontal loading,11times of2group of static load-bearing test under inclined press, and6times of2group of screw pile pullout test under inclined pull-loading, the displacement and loading of pile cap and ground stress are measured. Some key problem under3kinds loading are studied, for example the action rule of pile-soil, the couple effect of horizontal and vertical component of inclined loading, estimated ultimately inclined loading and the failure model of screw pile foundation, and the estimating method of ultimately inclined loading. From these research effect, the base of failure model and designing theory that be applied to the load-bearing and pullout screw pile under inclined loading are established.
Secondly, on the base of loading test for3kinds form of horizontal loading, inclined press, inclined pull force and vertical loading test, some failure models are put out on the condition of inclined loading, for example the failure model of single pressure screw pile under inclined press, the failure model of single screw pile and pile group. Used some theoretic of the soil mechanics, foundation engineering, continuum mechanics, elastic mechanics and math, the designing theory of the pressed screw pile, pullout screw pile and pile group are established for the condition of inclined loading, and the estimated method for calculating the ultimately inclined loading of the pressed or pull-out screw pile are advised. At the settlement designing of vertical pressed screw pile group, based on some theoretic of the Mindlin's solution of elastic mechanics, soil mechanics and foundation engineering, the limiting deepness of ground stress by the interactive effect of the twin force in ground is deduced, and the calculating settlement method is put out.
Thirdly, in the aspect of engineering designing and application, the bearing property and influencing factors of the prototype screw pile group foundations under inclined loading are respectively studied by the elastic-plasticity3-D analysis of FEM(ANSYS8.0software) and loading field test. Used the designing theories of ultimately inclined loading and settlement of screw pile foundation, the ultimately inclined loading and settlement of screw pile group are calculation. The results of FEM and theory calculations are near to the results of field tests, and it shown that these theories in the paper may direct the designing screw pile foundation in fact.
首先,通过两组6次水平荷载作用的螺旋桩基础试验、两组11次斜向荷载承压螺旋桩基础试验和两组6次斜向荷载抗拔螺旋桩基础试验,实测了桩顶位移、桩顶荷载以及地基应力,研究了三种荷载形式下螺旋桩基础的桩土相互作用规律、斜向载荷水平分量与竖向分量的耦合效应、极限载荷判定以及螺旋桩基础破坏形式等关键问题,建议了相应极限承载力的判定方法,为提出斜向荷载承压、抗拔螺旋桩的破坏模式和相关设计理论奠定了基础。
其次,在水平载荷、斜向压力、斜向拉力和竖向载荷等三种载荷试验的基础上,提出了斜向荷载承压螺旋单桩破坏模式、抗拔螺旋单桩破坏模式以及抗拔螺旋群桩基础的破坏模式,进而使用土力学、基础工程学、连续介质力学、弹性力学以及数学相关基础理论,建立了斜向荷载承压单桩、抗拔单桩以及抗拔群桩的极限荷载设计理论,建议了斜向荷载承压、抗拔螺旋桩基础极限荷载计算的判定条件。在竖向承压群桩的沉降设计理论方面,本文基于弹性力学的Mindlin解、土力学和基础工程学相关理论,推导了地基内部双集中力的地基应力影响界限深度和螺旋桩基础沉降计算方法。
第三,对斜向荷载工程桩基础开展了三维弹塑性有限元分析(ANSYS8.0软件)和载荷试验工作,研究了螺旋群桩基础的承载机理和影响因素。应用所提出的斜向载荷螺旋单桩、群桩基础极限载荷设计理论和沉降设计理论,进行了工程桩基础的极限斜向荷载和沉降两方面设计工作。有限元计算结果、理论计算结果和工程实测结果比较接近,所提出的相关设计理论对螺旋桩基础工程设计有一定的指导意义。
On the general concept, the loading form of engineering pile can be seen as the inclined loading, which the loading combination of axial and horizontal loading acts on pile at one time. For the variable cross-section and abnormity screw pile, the mechanism of load transfer and its failure model by inclined loading condition are more complex than the mechanics property of screw pile under axial or horizontal loading condition, because of the mechanics property of pile, mechanics response of pile-ground, inclination of loading and couple effect of loading. Therefore, the load-bearing mechanics and designing theory of screw pile and pile group under inclined loading are studied by the examination, some theory and finite element method (FEM).
First, by6times of2group of screw pile test under horizontal loading,11times of2group of static load-bearing test under inclined press, and6times of2group of screw pile pullout test under inclined pull-loading, the displacement and loading of pile cap and ground stress are measured. Some key problem under3kinds loading are studied, for example the action rule of pile-soil, the couple effect of horizontal and vertical component of inclined loading, estimated ultimately inclined loading and the failure model of screw pile foundation, and the estimating method of ultimately inclined loading. From these research effect, the base of failure model and designing theory that be applied to the load-bearing and pullout screw pile under inclined loading are established.
Secondly, on the base of loading test for3kinds form of horizontal loading, inclined press, inclined pull force and vertical loading test, some failure models are put out on the condition of inclined loading, for example the failure model of single pressure screw pile under inclined press, the failure model of single screw pile and pile group. Used some theoretic of the soil mechanics, foundation engineering, continuum mechanics, elastic mechanics and math, the designing theory of the pressed screw pile, pullout screw pile and pile group are established for the condition of inclined loading, and the estimated method for calculating the ultimately inclined loading of the pressed or pull-out screw pile are advised. At the settlement designing of vertical pressed screw pile group, based on some theoretic of the Mindlin's solution of elastic mechanics, soil mechanics and foundation engineering, the limiting deepness of ground stress by the interactive effect of the twin force in ground is deduced, and the calculating settlement method is put out.
Thirdly, in the aspect of engineering designing and application, the bearing property and influencing factors of the prototype screw pile group foundations under inclined loading are respectively studied by the elastic-plasticity3-D analysis of FEM(ANSYS8.0software) and loading field test. Used the designing theories of ultimately inclined loading and settlement of screw pile foundation, the ultimately inclined loading and settlement of screw pile group are calculation. The results of FEM and theory calculations are near to the results of field tests, and it shown that these theories in the paper may direct the designing screw pile foundation in fact.
引文
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