煤矿企业安全文化系统化建设研究
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摘要
随着全球经济的迅速发展,职业安全已经成为社会和企业关注的主题。安全文化因在提高安全绩效方面有积极的促进作用,日益受到重视。我国煤矿企业安全生产形势严峻,更需要建设积极的安全文化以不断提高企业的安全绩效。
以煤矿企业安全文化为研究对象,探讨了企业安全文化对安全绩效的促进作用,对当前煤矿企业安全文化建设中存在的问题进行了分析和总结。提出了煤矿企业安全领导及安全公民行为的概念,并对煤矿企业安全文化和煤矿企业安全氛围的概念进行了界定。
在理论研究的基础上编制了煤矿企业安全领导问卷、安全氛围问卷以及员工安全公民行为问卷。在四家煤矿企业进行安全氛围问卷调查,对有效问卷进行探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析,得到4个因子21个题项的因子结构,4个因子分别为:管理层安全承诺、安全培训、员工安全参与和员工安全意识。在三家煤矿企业进行安全领导及安全公民行为问卷调查,对有效问卷进行探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析,分别得到3个因子19个题项的安全领导因子结构及2个因子12个题项的安全公民行为因子结构。安全领导的3个因子分别为:主动管理、安全激励和安全监督;安全公民行为的2个因子分别为:安全关照和主动参与。
应用结构方程模型建立了安全氛围因子间因果关系模型,研究发现管理层安全承诺因子对安全培训因子和员工安全参与因子具有直接的正面影响;安全培训因子在管理层安全承诺因子和员工安全意识因子之间起到完全中介作用。
应用结构方程模型分别建立了安全领导、安全氛围和安全公民行为的二阶因子模型,在此基础上建立了安全领导、安全氛围和安全公民行为三者因果关系模型。研究发现安全领导对安全氛围有正面的影响,安全氛围对安全公民行为也有正面的影响,安全领导通过安全氛围的中介作用对安全公民行为产生间接的影响。
在以上研究的基础上提出了煤矿企业安全文化系统化建设模型,将持续改进模式引入安全文化建设,并将安全氛围、安全标杆学习、安全管理系统及行为安全程序融合在一起,重点突出了企业各级管理层的安全领导在安全文化建设中的核心作用;并对模型的关键要素及其相互关系进行了详细的探讨。
针对企业安全氛围调查软件缺少的现状,开发了适合煤矿企业使用的安全氛围网络调查软件,并在煤矿中进行了应用。煤矿企业可以使用该软件自行对企业安全氛围定期进行调查,对不同时间、不同部门的安全氛围调查结果进行对比分析,将调查结果通过网页形式及时反馈给企业员工,提高员工的参与意识。另外开发了隐患报告处理软件,为员工参与安全事务提供一个平台,促进安全信息由下向上传递。
With the rapid development of the global economy, occupational safety has become a topic of concern to the community and businesses. Safety culture has been caught attention due to its positive role in improving safety performance. In China’s industrial enterprises, coal-mine enterprises’safety situation is the most severe. Though much improvement in coal mine safety has been achieved, the industry still continues to lag behind most other industries with regard to safety in China, so it’s requisite to establish positive safety culture to continuously improve its safety performance.
In this paper, coal mine safety culture is the research object, and the promotion role of safety culture on safety performance was discussed. The current problems in the development of coal mine safety culture problems were analyzed and summarized. Coal mine safety leadership and safety citizenship behavior were proposed for the first time, and coal mine safety culture and coal mine safety climate were defined in the paper.
Based on the theory research, the coal mine safety leadership questionnaire, safety climate questionnaire and safety citizenship behavior questionnaire were developed. The safety climate survey was conducted in four coal mines, Through the exploratory factor analysis and the confirmatory factor analysis, the final factor structure containing 4 factors and 21 items was got. The four factors were: management commitment to safety, safety training, employee safety involvement and employee safety awareness. The safety leadership and safety citizenship behavior surveys were conducted in three coal mines, the exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used to confirm the factor structure of each scale. The factor structure of safety leadership contained 3 factors and 19 items including active management, safety incentives and safety monitor. The factor structure of safety citizenship behavior contained 2 factors and 12 items including safety concern and active involvement.
The causality model between safety climate factors was developed using structural equation model. The model indicated that management commitment factor had direct positive impact on safety training and employee involvement factor, and the effect of management commitment to safety on employee safety awareness was fully mediated by safety training.
The second-order factor models of safety leadership, safety climate and safety citizenship behavior were developed through structural equation model. Based on these models, the causality model among safety leadership, safety climate and safety citizenship behavior was developed through structural equation model. The model indicated that safety leadership predicted safety climate, safety climate predicted safety citizenship behavior, and the effect of safety leadership on safety citizenship behavior was fully mediated by safety climate.
On the basis of the above research, the systematic development model of coal mine safety culture was proposed with the continual improvement mode. The safety climate, safety benchmarking, safety management system and behavioral safety programmes were put together into this model. The core effect of safety leadership at all management levels on safety culture was highlighted. And the key elements of this model and their relationship were discussed in detail.
According to the lack of safety climate survey software, a network coal mine safety climate survey software was developed and applied in coal mine. This software could be used by coal mines to survey their safety climate regularly on their own and compare and analyzed the results of safety climate surveys among different sectors in different time. A network hazard reporting process software was also developed which could provide a platform for employees to involve in safety matter and promote safety information transfer from bottom to up.
以煤矿企业安全文化为研究对象,探讨了企业安全文化对安全绩效的促进作用,对当前煤矿企业安全文化建设中存在的问题进行了分析和总结。提出了煤矿企业安全领导及安全公民行为的概念,并对煤矿企业安全文化和煤矿企业安全氛围的概念进行了界定。
在理论研究的基础上编制了煤矿企业安全领导问卷、安全氛围问卷以及员工安全公民行为问卷。在四家煤矿企业进行安全氛围问卷调查,对有效问卷进行探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析,得到4个因子21个题项的因子结构,4个因子分别为:管理层安全承诺、安全培训、员工安全参与和员工安全意识。在三家煤矿企业进行安全领导及安全公民行为问卷调查,对有效问卷进行探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析,分别得到3个因子19个题项的安全领导因子结构及2个因子12个题项的安全公民行为因子结构。安全领导的3个因子分别为:主动管理、安全激励和安全监督;安全公民行为的2个因子分别为:安全关照和主动参与。
应用结构方程模型建立了安全氛围因子间因果关系模型,研究发现管理层安全承诺因子对安全培训因子和员工安全参与因子具有直接的正面影响;安全培训因子在管理层安全承诺因子和员工安全意识因子之间起到完全中介作用。
应用结构方程模型分别建立了安全领导、安全氛围和安全公民行为的二阶因子模型,在此基础上建立了安全领导、安全氛围和安全公民行为三者因果关系模型。研究发现安全领导对安全氛围有正面的影响,安全氛围对安全公民行为也有正面的影响,安全领导通过安全氛围的中介作用对安全公民行为产生间接的影响。
在以上研究的基础上提出了煤矿企业安全文化系统化建设模型,将持续改进模式引入安全文化建设,并将安全氛围、安全标杆学习、安全管理系统及行为安全程序融合在一起,重点突出了企业各级管理层的安全领导在安全文化建设中的核心作用;并对模型的关键要素及其相互关系进行了详细的探讨。
针对企业安全氛围调查软件缺少的现状,开发了适合煤矿企业使用的安全氛围网络调查软件,并在煤矿中进行了应用。煤矿企业可以使用该软件自行对企业安全氛围定期进行调查,对不同时间、不同部门的安全氛围调查结果进行对比分析,将调查结果通过网页形式及时反馈给企业员工,提高员工的参与意识。另外开发了隐患报告处理软件,为员工参与安全事务提供一个平台,促进安全信息由下向上传递。
With the rapid development of the global economy, occupational safety has become a topic of concern to the community and businesses. Safety culture has been caught attention due to its positive role in improving safety performance. In China’s industrial enterprises, coal-mine enterprises’safety situation is the most severe. Though much improvement in coal mine safety has been achieved, the industry still continues to lag behind most other industries with regard to safety in China, so it’s requisite to establish positive safety culture to continuously improve its safety performance.
In this paper, coal mine safety culture is the research object, and the promotion role of safety culture on safety performance was discussed. The current problems in the development of coal mine safety culture problems were analyzed and summarized. Coal mine safety leadership and safety citizenship behavior were proposed for the first time, and coal mine safety culture and coal mine safety climate were defined in the paper.
Based on the theory research, the coal mine safety leadership questionnaire, safety climate questionnaire and safety citizenship behavior questionnaire were developed. The safety climate survey was conducted in four coal mines, Through the exploratory factor analysis and the confirmatory factor analysis, the final factor structure containing 4 factors and 21 items was got. The four factors were: management commitment to safety, safety training, employee safety involvement and employee safety awareness. The safety leadership and safety citizenship behavior surveys were conducted in three coal mines, the exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used to confirm the factor structure of each scale. The factor structure of safety leadership contained 3 factors and 19 items including active management, safety incentives and safety monitor. The factor structure of safety citizenship behavior contained 2 factors and 12 items including safety concern and active involvement.
The causality model between safety climate factors was developed using structural equation model. The model indicated that management commitment factor had direct positive impact on safety training and employee involvement factor, and the effect of management commitment to safety on employee safety awareness was fully mediated by safety training.
The second-order factor models of safety leadership, safety climate and safety citizenship behavior were developed through structural equation model. Based on these models, the causality model among safety leadership, safety climate and safety citizenship behavior was developed through structural equation model. The model indicated that safety leadership predicted safety climate, safety climate predicted safety citizenship behavior, and the effect of safety leadership on safety citizenship behavior was fully mediated by safety climate.
On the basis of the above research, the systematic development model of coal mine safety culture was proposed with the continual improvement mode. The safety climate, safety benchmarking, safety management system and behavioral safety programmes were put together into this model. The core effect of safety leadership at all management levels on safety culture was highlighted. And the key elements of this model and their relationship were discussed in detail.
According to the lack of safety climate survey software, a network coal mine safety climate survey software was developed and applied in coal mine. This software could be used by coal mines to survey their safety climate regularly on their own and compare and analyzed the results of safety climate surveys among different sectors in different time. A network hazard reporting process software was also developed which could provide a platform for employees to involve in safety matter and promote safety information transfer from bottom to up.
引文
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