基于UML的列车自动防护系统测试用例设计与生成
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摘要
列车自动防护系统ATP是列车运行自动控制系统的重要组成部分,对列车安全负有直接责任,采用故障-安全方法进行设计,属于安全苛求系统。因此,对列车自动防护系统进行严格的系统功能测试显得十分重要。测试用例的生成是测试工作的重要组成部分和关键内容之一,研究列车自动防护系统测试用例的生成方法具有重要意义。
     论文在对列车自动防护系统的系统需求和功能需求进行分析后,针对列车自动防护系统内部结构复杂、不同厂家设备工作原理不同等特点,选择采用基于规格说明的测试用例生成方法作为论文的技术思路。列车自动防护系统属于大规模集成系统,因此,论文选择使用统一建模语言UML来进行规格说明建模工作,然后使用可扩展标记语言XML来对测试用例进行描述。论文以列车自动防护系统的速度监控功能为例,详细说明了从UML到XML Schema的三层设计方法:首先采用标准UML类图进行概念层建模,然后利用UML提供的扩展机制,结合XML Schema规范,将概念层模型转换成符合标准的逻辑层模型,最后使用XML Schema文档规范,将逻辑层模型转换成了符合标准的XML Schema测试用例文档。论文同时还设计实现了一个从XML Schema文档中生成标准XML测试用例的工具,该工具还可以实现测试用例的数据配置功能。
     统一建模语言UML具有良好的系统模型的表达能力,使用UML来对系统需求进行分析描述十分可行。可扩展标记语言XML具有良好的通用性、可移植性以及强大的数据描述能力。使用这样的方法生成的测试用例可以十分方便的运用于自动化测试工作。
Automatic Train Protection System(ATP) is an important part of the Automatic Train Control System. The ATP is on the directly responsible for the train's safety. The ATP system is designed by the failure-safe techonology, and belongs to the safety critical system. So, it's very important to test the ATP system strictly. Generate test cases is one of the most important part in automatic test. Research on automatic train protection system for generating test cases is a significant job.
     The Thesis analyses the system requirements and the function requirements, after that, in view of the automatic train protection system internal structure complex, different manufacturers equipment principle of work, selected the test case generation method based on the specification. The ATP system belongs to the large scale integration system, so the thesis use the unified modeling language UML for the specification, then use the extensible markup language XML to described the test cases. The thesis take the speed supervision for example, explained the three layers of design method:at first, use the class diagram from UML language, to modeling the concept layer for the test case; then using UML extension mechanism combine the XML Schema rules, transformed the concept model into a standard logic layer model; at last, using the XML Schema text rules, exchanged the standard logic layer model to the XML Schema document. There is a software designed to accomplish exchange between the XML Schama and XML document. The software also provide to configurat datas.
     The unified modeling language UML is good at express system model, so using UML to modeling the system requirements is very useful. The extensible markup language XML is good with generality, portability and strong ability of data description. So use this kind of method to modeling and generate the test case is very convenient and rigorous.
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