我国建筑企业对员工的社会责任研究
摘要
随着经济全球化的不断扩大和深化,企业社会责任已经被越来越多的企业所关注。文章在对我国和发达国家社会责任理论和实践情况进行分析研究的基础上,深入剖析了我国建筑企业对员工社会责任实施的情况,指出了建筑企业进行社会责任建设的必要性和紧迫性。
文章将社会责任理论、SA8000标准与我国《劳动法》及相关法律文件进行了深入研究,针对建筑企业员工社会责任的现状,对建筑企业对员工社会责任进行了界定,将其划分为两部分内容:一部分是建筑企业对员工应承担的社会责任,它包括:为员工提供安全、卫生劳动环境的责任,保证员工工作及休息时间达标的责任,按期按量支付员工合理工资的责任,为员工提供医疗保险、养老保险、失业保险等社会福利方面的责任及对员工进行职业再教育的责任。另一部分是企业应培养员工具备的社会责任意识,主要包括员工的对自己、对公司、对社会所应承担的责任,其具体表现为:法律意识、敬业意识、环境责任和对消费者的责任意识及急救意识。
文章接着对建筑企业履行对员工社会责任进行了简单的成本收益分析。指出对员工履行社会责任会产生一定的直接成本和间接成本,但也会产生相应的直接效益和间接效益,不能对其发生的成本收益进行简单的财务分析,必须采用定量和定性相结合的方法,考虑成本收益的整体性和长期性。认真履行员工的社会责任能降低企业与员工间的交易费用,提高企业的经济绩效,增强企业核心竞争力,有利于企业赢得政府的支持;同时有利于企业及社会人才的可持续发展战略,对产业链上的相关企业产生正效应,有助于社会的安定团结、繁荣昌盛。
最后针对我国建筑企业现状,运用企业社会责任理论、SA8000标准、《劳动法》等有关理论,提出建筑企业履行对员工社会责任的具体对策措施:①保障建筑从业人员的职业健康及安全生产权益的措施,②保障员工工作时间和休息时间规范、合法的措施,③按时按量支付员工劳动报酬的措施,④给予职工相应的职业培训和社会保障的措施,⑤增强企业的社会责任意识的措施。
As the global economy developed faster and faster, Corporate Social Responsibilities (CRS) are given more emphasis by many companies. Through the theory and practise studies on CRS in developed countries and China, this dissertation analyses the present situation of the Chinese Construction Corporations’Social Responsibilities to employees and urges construction companies to perform Social Responsibilities further to their employees.
This dissertation does a lot of studies on SA8000, Social Responsibility theories, and Labor Law seriously, combined them with the features of construction companies, and puts forward the theory of the Construction Corporations’Social Responsibilities to employees. It should include two major parts, one is the responsibilities which companies should have for their employees, they are, health and safety working environment, standard working hours, reasonable welfares and remunerations, further job-training and other concerned responsibilities. The other is that the companies should help employees to build senses of responsibilities for employees themselves, for company and for the whole society, they are, legal consciousness, devoted consciousness, environmental consciousness, first-aid consciousness and sense of responsibilities for consumer.
This dissertation also does some cost and benefit analyses of Chinese Construction Corporations’Social Responsibilities to employees. Companies will have direct and indirect costs to fulfill Social Responsibilities to employees, but they will get corresponding benefits. We should use qualitative and quantificational methods to do the costs and benefits analyses and put the analyses in a long term. Through building the Social Responsibilities to employees, construction companies can reduce the transaction costs between corporate and employee, enhance the economic performance of enterprise, improve the core competitive ability, get the extra supports from the government, benefit to sustaining human resources development strategy of enterprise, give positive effect to the companies in relative industry and benefit to the social stability and flourish.
According to SA8000, Social Responsibility theories and Labor Law this dissertation gives construction companies some suggestions about how to perform Social Responsibilities to employees, they are, protecting employees safe and healthy working rights, complying with applicable laws and industry standards on working hours, paying reasonable and punctually, giving employees further job-training and reasonable welfares and helping employees to build senses of Social Responsibility.
文章将社会责任理论、SA8000标准与我国《劳动法》及相关法律文件进行了深入研究,针对建筑企业员工社会责任的现状,对建筑企业对员工社会责任进行了界定,将其划分为两部分内容:一部分是建筑企业对员工应承担的社会责任,它包括:为员工提供安全、卫生劳动环境的责任,保证员工工作及休息时间达标的责任,按期按量支付员工合理工资的责任,为员工提供医疗保险、养老保险、失业保险等社会福利方面的责任及对员工进行职业再教育的责任。另一部分是企业应培养员工具备的社会责任意识,主要包括员工的对自己、对公司、对社会所应承担的责任,其具体表现为:法律意识、敬业意识、环境责任和对消费者的责任意识及急救意识。
文章接着对建筑企业履行对员工社会责任进行了简单的成本收益分析。指出对员工履行社会责任会产生一定的直接成本和间接成本,但也会产生相应的直接效益和间接效益,不能对其发生的成本收益进行简单的财务分析,必须采用定量和定性相结合的方法,考虑成本收益的整体性和长期性。认真履行员工的社会责任能降低企业与员工间的交易费用,提高企业的经济绩效,增强企业核心竞争力,有利于企业赢得政府的支持;同时有利于企业及社会人才的可持续发展战略,对产业链上的相关企业产生正效应,有助于社会的安定团结、繁荣昌盛。
最后针对我国建筑企业现状,运用企业社会责任理论、SA8000标准、《劳动法》等有关理论,提出建筑企业履行对员工社会责任的具体对策措施:①保障建筑从业人员的职业健康及安全生产权益的措施,②保障员工工作时间和休息时间规范、合法的措施,③按时按量支付员工劳动报酬的措施,④给予职工相应的职业培训和社会保障的措施,⑤增强企业的社会责任意识的措施。
As the global economy developed faster and faster, Corporate Social Responsibilities (CRS) are given more emphasis by many companies. Through the theory and practise studies on CRS in developed countries and China, this dissertation analyses the present situation of the Chinese Construction Corporations’Social Responsibilities to employees and urges construction companies to perform Social Responsibilities further to their employees.
This dissertation does a lot of studies on SA8000, Social Responsibility theories, and Labor Law seriously, combined them with the features of construction companies, and puts forward the theory of the Construction Corporations’Social Responsibilities to employees. It should include two major parts, one is the responsibilities which companies should have for their employees, they are, health and safety working environment, standard working hours, reasonable welfares and remunerations, further job-training and other concerned responsibilities. The other is that the companies should help employees to build senses of responsibilities for employees themselves, for company and for the whole society, they are, legal consciousness, devoted consciousness, environmental consciousness, first-aid consciousness and sense of responsibilities for consumer.
This dissertation also does some cost and benefit analyses of Chinese Construction Corporations’Social Responsibilities to employees. Companies will have direct and indirect costs to fulfill Social Responsibilities to employees, but they will get corresponding benefits. We should use qualitative and quantificational methods to do the costs and benefits analyses and put the analyses in a long term. Through building the Social Responsibilities to employees, construction companies can reduce the transaction costs between corporate and employee, enhance the economic performance of enterprise, improve the core competitive ability, get the extra supports from the government, benefit to sustaining human resources development strategy of enterprise, give positive effect to the companies in relative industry and benefit to the social stability and flourish.
According to SA8000, Social Responsibility theories and Labor Law this dissertation gives construction companies some suggestions about how to perform Social Responsibilities to employees, they are, protecting employees safe and healthy working rights, complying with applicable laws and industry standards on working hours, paying reasonable and punctually, giving employees further job-training and reasonable welfares and helping employees to build senses of Social Responsibility.
引文
[1] 皮菊云. 中美两国企业社会责任的理论对比.湖南农业大学硕士研究生论文.2005.pp29-30
[2] 资料来源于中新网. http://www.chinanews.com.cn
[3] 张强. 人民视点:安全生产,谁能为我们保障.www.npcnews.com.cn, 综合报道
[4] 李立清. 李燕凌.企业社会责任研究.人民出版社.2005.pp239-304
[5] 源于新华网. http://www.xinhuanet.com/
[6] 源于涂料人:http://www.coatren.com
[7] 陆汉洲. 透视农民工的社会保障.建筑.2006-17-62
[8] 源于常州工程造价信息网. http://www.jszj.com.cn
[9] 安全生产、劳动保护政策法规系列专辑编委会. 建筑企业职业安全健康管理体系 实施指南.中国劳动社会保障出版社.2003. pp42
[10] 周国银,张少标. SA8000.2001 社会责任国际标准实施指南.海天出版社.2002.pp24
[11] 沈泽. 基于消费者视角的企业社会责任对企业声誉的影响研究.浙江大学硕士学位论文.2006 .pp18
[12] 邹兵. 企业社会责任与 SA8000 标准——中国劳动法制的完善.西南政法大学硕士学位论文. 2005 p3-20
[13] 周国根. SA8000:2001 社会责任国际标准实施指南.海天出版社.2002. pp302—307
[14] 杨永华. OSHMS:职业安全与健康管理体现推行实务. 海天出版社.2003. pp2
[15] 骆建艳. 企业社会责任的费用效益研究.浙江大学硕士学位论文.2005.pp 4-36
[16] 刘俊. 用交易费用理论解释企业社会责任.内蒙古科技与经济.2004.14 pp 76-77
[17] Stephen Chen. 中国十大管理实践.世界经理人 2003-12-28
[18] 李玲.施式亮. 穆卫亮.李强.建筑施工安全现状及事故预防对策.湘潭师范学院学报 2006.4 pp 91-94
[19] 司增绰.徐康宁. 从“民工荒”探索建筑业持续发展之路.建筑经济.2006 年-1-25
[20] 史云. 施工企业实施<劳动法>工时规定的难点与对策.化工施工技术.1995-5-44
[21] 参考今日五金. http://rc.hardwaretoday.com
[22] 张汉斌. SA8000 与我国建筑企业.建筑经济 2006-8-54
[23] 源于 CHINA DAILY 2006 7/9-10
[24] 李玲, 施式亮, 穆卫亮, 李强. 建筑施工安全现状及事故预防对策. 湘潭师范学院学报. 2006-4-92
[25] 傅桂英. 对新形势下加强企业职业道德建设的思考山西经济管理干部学院学报.2006-3-17
[26] 刘俊海. 公司社会责任.法律出版社. 1999. pp158
[27] 白文星. 国有企业对员工社会责任的法社会学分析.四川大学硕士学位论文.2005
[28] 王康. 公司社会责任理论及其实现机制的法理思考.复旦大学硕士学位论文.2005
[29] 中华人民共和国劳动法.1994-7-4 全国人大常委颁布
[30] 关注建筑工人的安全生产权益.中国安全天地网. http://www.aqtd.cn
[31] 张晓辉. 加强施工项目安全生产管理工作的“四种途径”.安全与健康.2004.7.pp33-34
[32] 林超. 王方刚.建筑施工行业安全管理点滴.现代职业安全.2006.12.pp 67-69
[33] 朱国强. 浅谈建筑施工安全管理.科教文汇.2006-10-147
[34] 尹万俊. 工人如何自己维权.当代矿工.2000.8.pp33-34
[35] 劳动部. 违反<中华人民共和国劳动法>行政处罚办法.建筑安全.1995.9.pp15-16
[36] 国家规范建筑企业工资支付. 严禁包工头代发工资.中新网. http://www.chinanews.com/
[37] 邵日建.对建筑工人职业技能培训的调查和建议.涂料人 http://www.coatren.com
[38] 江苏省泰兴市建筑业管理局.强化职工教育队伍培训推进建筑经济快速发展.中国职业技术教育.2005.217. pp 34-35
[39] 张建英.浅析国有施工企业人力资源管理.上海电建杂志.2006-1
[40] 劳动和社会保障部、建设部.关于做好建筑施工企业农民工参加工伤保险有关工作的通知. (2006 44 号)
[41] 舒建玲.农民工劳动权益受侵害的原因及对策.经济问题.2007.2.pp55-57
[42] 张波.农民工的法律意识演变分析.桂海论丛.2006.2.pp82-84
[43] 张玉海.创建学习型企业.车间管理.2006.3
[44] 章南彪.王水木.王建祥.建筑与环保.常州工程造价信息网 http://www.jszj.com.cn
[45] 昝颖.论企业社会责任会计的理论结构.首都经济大学硕士学位论文.2001
[46] 王辛平.成本会计学.清华大学出版社/交通大学出版社.2005.8
[47] 黄玫.朱彬.企业的社会责任.瞭望新闻周刊.2004.10.第 41 期.pp 20-24
[48] Richard E.Crandall, Keys to Better Performance Measurement, Engineering Management Review, Volume 31. Number 2, second quarter, 2003
[49] Daniel Z.Ding and Syed Akhtar, The organizational choice of human resource management practices Int.J.of Human Resource Management 12:6 September 2001 946-96
[50] Deborah Leipziger, SA8000, the Definitive Guide To The New Social Standard, FINANCIAL TIMES Prentice Hall, 2001
[51] Milton Friedman, The Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits, New York Times Magazine. 1970 (9)
[52] James J. Brummer, Corporate Responsibility and Legitimacy, Greenwood Press, 1991
[53] Jeremy Moon, The Contribution of Corportate Social Responsibility to Sustainable Development, w.interscience.wiley. com. 2007
[54] R. Rutherford Smith,Social Responsibility: Term We Can Do without, Business and Society Review, 1998
[55] Joseph McGuire,Business and Society, New York: McGraw-Hill. 1963.
[56] Daniel W Greening, Daniel B Turban, Corporate social performance as a competitive advantage in attracting a quality workforce, Bussiness and Society, Chicogo, 2000
[2] 资料来源于中新网. http://www.chinanews.com.cn
[3] 张强. 人民视点:安全生产,谁能为我们保障.www.npcnews.com.cn, 综合报道
[4] 李立清. 李燕凌.企业社会责任研究.人民出版社.2005.pp239-304
[5] 源于新华网. http://www.xinhuanet.com/
[6] 源于涂料人:http://www.coatren.com
[7] 陆汉洲. 透视农民工的社会保障.建筑.2006-17-62
[8] 源于常州工程造价信息网. http://www.jszj.com.cn
[9] 安全生产、劳动保护政策法规系列专辑编委会. 建筑企业职业安全健康管理体系 实施指南.中国劳动社会保障出版社.2003. pp42
[10] 周国银,张少标. SA8000.2001 社会责任国际标准实施指南.海天出版社.2002.pp24
[11] 沈泽. 基于消费者视角的企业社会责任对企业声誉的影响研究.浙江大学硕士学位论文.2006 .pp18
[12] 邹兵. 企业社会责任与 SA8000 标准——中国劳动法制的完善.西南政法大学硕士学位论文. 2005 p3-20
[13] 周国根. SA8000:2001 社会责任国际标准实施指南.海天出版社.2002. pp302—307
[14] 杨永华. OSHMS:职业安全与健康管理体现推行实务. 海天出版社.2003. pp2
[15] 骆建艳. 企业社会责任的费用效益研究.浙江大学硕士学位论文.2005.pp 4-36
[16] 刘俊. 用交易费用理论解释企业社会责任.内蒙古科技与经济.2004.14 pp 76-77
[17] Stephen Chen. 中国十大管理实践.世界经理人 2003-12-28
[18] 李玲.施式亮. 穆卫亮.李强.建筑施工安全现状及事故预防对策.湘潭师范学院学报 2006.4 pp 91-94
[19] 司增绰.徐康宁. 从“民工荒”探索建筑业持续发展之路.建筑经济.2006 年-1-25
[20] 史云. 施工企业实施<劳动法>工时规定的难点与对策.化工施工技术.1995-5-44
[21] 参考今日五金. http://rc.hardwaretoday.com
[22] 张汉斌. SA8000 与我国建筑企业.建筑经济 2006-8-54
[23] 源于 CHINA DAILY 2006 7/9-10
[24] 李玲, 施式亮, 穆卫亮, 李强. 建筑施工安全现状及事故预防对策. 湘潭师范学院学报. 2006-4-92
[25] 傅桂英. 对新形势下加强企业职业道德建设的思考山西经济管理干部学院学报.2006-3-17
[26] 刘俊海. 公司社会责任.法律出版社. 1999. pp158
[27] 白文星. 国有企业对员工社会责任的法社会学分析.四川大学硕士学位论文.2005
[28] 王康. 公司社会责任理论及其实现机制的法理思考.复旦大学硕士学位论文.2005
[29] 中华人民共和国劳动法.1994-7-4 全国人大常委颁布
[30] 关注建筑工人的安全生产权益.中国安全天地网. http://www.aqtd.cn
[31] 张晓辉. 加强施工项目安全生产管理工作的“四种途径”.安全与健康.2004.7.pp33-34
[32] 林超. 王方刚.建筑施工行业安全管理点滴.现代职业安全.2006.12.pp 67-69
[33] 朱国强. 浅谈建筑施工安全管理.科教文汇.2006-10-147
[34] 尹万俊. 工人如何自己维权.当代矿工.2000.8.pp33-34
[35] 劳动部. 违反<中华人民共和国劳动法>行政处罚办法.建筑安全.1995.9.pp15-16
[36] 国家规范建筑企业工资支付. 严禁包工头代发工资.中新网. http://www.chinanews.com/
[37] 邵日建.对建筑工人职业技能培训的调查和建议.涂料人 http://www.coatren.com
[38] 江苏省泰兴市建筑业管理局.强化职工教育队伍培训推进建筑经济快速发展.中国职业技术教育.2005.217. pp 34-35
[39] 张建英.浅析国有施工企业人力资源管理.上海电建杂志.2006-1
[40] 劳动和社会保障部、建设部.关于做好建筑施工企业农民工参加工伤保险有关工作的通知. (2006 44 号)
[41] 舒建玲.农民工劳动权益受侵害的原因及对策.经济问题.2007.2.pp55-57
[42] 张波.农民工的法律意识演变分析.桂海论丛.2006.2.pp82-84
[43] 张玉海.创建学习型企业.车间管理.2006.3
[44] 章南彪.王水木.王建祥.建筑与环保.常州工程造价信息网 http://www.jszj.com.cn
[45] 昝颖.论企业社会责任会计的理论结构.首都经济大学硕士学位论文.2001
[46] 王辛平.成本会计学.清华大学出版社/交通大学出版社.2005.8
[47] 黄玫.朱彬.企业的社会责任.瞭望新闻周刊.2004.10.第 41 期.pp 20-24
[48] Richard E.Crandall, Keys to Better Performance Measurement, Engineering Management Review, Volume 31. Number 2, second quarter, 2003
[49] Daniel Z.Ding and Syed Akhtar, The organizational choice of human resource management practices Int.J.of Human Resource Management 12:6 September 2001 946-96
[50] Deborah Leipziger, SA8000, the Definitive Guide To The New Social Standard, FINANCIAL TIMES Prentice Hall, 2001
[51] Milton Friedman, The Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits, New York Times Magazine. 1970 (9)
[52] James J. Brummer, Corporate Responsibility and Legitimacy, Greenwood Press, 1991
[53] Jeremy Moon, The Contribution of Corportate Social Responsibility to Sustainable Development, w.interscience.wiley. com. 2007
[54] R. Rutherford Smith,Social Responsibility: Term We Can Do without, Business and Society Review, 1998
[55] Joseph McGuire,Business and Society, New York: McGraw-Hill. 1963.
[56] Daniel W Greening, Daniel B Turban, Corporate social performance as a competitive advantage in attracting a quality workforce, Bussiness and Society, Chicogo, 2000