农村留守儿童教育问题调查研究
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摘要
随着我国改革开放的深入发展,社会转型的速度也随之加快。在向工业化、现代化、城市化转变的过程中,农村大量的剩余劳动力纷纷涌入大城市务工。据国家统计局发布的报告显示,2012年我国农民工总量已超过2.5亿。这些农民工的流动为城市的发展做出了巨大的贡献,但是大规模农民工外出务工的背后,也隐藏着诸多的社会问题,其中,最主要的问题就是农村留守儿童的教育问题。因为农村留守儿童教育的成败,不仅关系到每一个农民工家庭的切身利益,而且关系到我国未来一代的成长,关系到城乡统筹发展和国家的长期稳定与和谐。近年来,虽然政府高度重视,连续采取了一系列重要举措,解决农村留守儿童教育问题,使留守儿童的教育环境不断优化。但从总体上来看,影响农村留守儿童教育问题的深层矛盾和突出问题还没有从根本上得以解决。
本文通过对南阳市A镇留守儿童的调查,发现目前南阳市A镇留守儿童的教育主要存在以下几个问题：教学设施不完善、师资力量紧缺；家庭教育观念落后、教育方式不当；留守儿童自制能力差、自我防范意识弱等。在此,从政府管理的角度得出影响农村留守儿童教育的主要因素有以下几个方面：城乡二元体制的束缚、法律法规不健全；地方政府经费不足、政府缺少完善的留守儿童教育工作机制；基层政府对留守儿童教育问题重视不够。针对这些问题,从政府管理的角度提出解决此问题的建议与对策：改革城乡二元体制弊端、健全法律法规；增加地方政府财政支持力度,完善农村留守儿童教育工作机制；大力发展农村经济,加强基层政府的社会管理工作。
本研究主要从管理学的视角出发,以政府在农村留守儿童教育问题中应发挥的作用为主导,结合相关专家学者对此问题所做出研究的基础上,进行深入探讨和研究,以期对农村留守儿童教育问题的解决,尽一份学术贡献。
With the develop of China's reform and opening up, the speed of social transformation also will accelerate. In the transition to industrialization, modernization of city, the large number of rural surplus labor force, the influx of migrant workers in city. According to the National Bureau of statistics released report shows,2012of China's total has more than250000000migrant workers. Make great contribution to the flow of migrant workers to the city development, but the scale of migrant workers and migrant workers behind, but also hidden social problems, many of which, the main problem is the education problem of left-behind children in rural areas, rural left-behind children education because of the success, not only relates to every migrant workers family interests, but also relates to our future generation, in relation to urban and rural development and national long-term stability and harmony. In recent years, although the government attaches great importance to, has taken a series of important measures, to solve the education problems of left-behind children, the left-behind children education environment constantly optimize. But looked from the overall, deep contradiction of education problems of left-behind children in rural and outstanding problems have not been solved radically.
In this paper, through the investigation of left-behind children in A town of Nanyang City, Nanyang City, the town of A left-behind children education mainly has following several problems:teaching facilities is not perfect, the shortage of teachers; the family behind the concept of education, education and improper; left-behind children self-control ability is poor, weak sense of self-protection. Then, the main factors that influence the rural left-behind children education from the perspective of government management has the following several aspects:two yuan in urban and rural areas of the drawbacks of the system, laws and regulations are not perfect; local government funding, the government lacks the left-behind children education mechanism perfect; local government neglected the educational problems of left-behind children in rural areas and social work. Aiming at these problems, puts forward some suggestions and Countermeasures to solve the rural left-behind children's education problems:the reform of the urban and rural two yuan the defects of the system, perfect the laws and regulations; to increase the local government financial support, improving rural left-behind children education work mechanism; vigorously develop the rural economy, strengthen the government's social management work.
In this study, the rural left-behind children's education in the government should play a role as a research perspective, combined with the scholars on the basis of the education problems of left-behind children in rural areas of exploration, systematic, point to the government management, to solve the problems of rural left-behind children's education, as an academic contribution.
本文通过对南阳市A镇留守儿童的调查,发现目前南阳市A镇留守儿童的教育主要存在以下几个问题：教学设施不完善、师资力量紧缺；家庭教育观念落后、教育方式不当；留守儿童自制能力差、自我防范意识弱等。在此,从政府管理的角度得出影响农村留守儿童教育的主要因素有以下几个方面：城乡二元体制的束缚、法律法规不健全；地方政府经费不足、政府缺少完善的留守儿童教育工作机制；基层政府对留守儿童教育问题重视不够。针对这些问题,从政府管理的角度提出解决此问题的建议与对策：改革城乡二元体制弊端、健全法律法规；增加地方政府财政支持力度,完善农村留守儿童教育工作机制；大力发展农村经济,加强基层政府的社会管理工作。
本研究主要从管理学的视角出发,以政府在农村留守儿童教育问题中应发挥的作用为主导,结合相关专家学者对此问题所做出研究的基础上,进行深入探讨和研究,以期对农村留守儿童教育问题的解决,尽一份学术贡献。
With the develop of China's reform and opening up, the speed of social transformation also will accelerate. In the transition to industrialization, modernization of city, the large number of rural surplus labor force, the influx of migrant workers in city. According to the National Bureau of statistics released report shows,2012of China's total has more than250000000migrant workers. Make great contribution to the flow of migrant workers to the city development, but the scale of migrant workers and migrant workers behind, but also hidden social problems, many of which, the main problem is the education problem of left-behind children in rural areas, rural left-behind children education because of the success, not only relates to every migrant workers family interests, but also relates to our future generation, in relation to urban and rural development and national long-term stability and harmony. In recent years, although the government attaches great importance to, has taken a series of important measures, to solve the education problems of left-behind children, the left-behind children education environment constantly optimize. But looked from the overall, deep contradiction of education problems of left-behind children in rural and outstanding problems have not been solved radically.
In this paper, through the investigation of left-behind children in A town of Nanyang City, Nanyang City, the town of A left-behind children education mainly has following several problems:teaching facilities is not perfect, the shortage of teachers; the family behind the concept of education, education and improper; left-behind children self-control ability is poor, weak sense of self-protection. Then, the main factors that influence the rural left-behind children education from the perspective of government management has the following several aspects:two yuan in urban and rural areas of the drawbacks of the system, laws and regulations are not perfect; local government funding, the government lacks the left-behind children education mechanism perfect; local government neglected the educational problems of left-behind children in rural areas and social work. Aiming at these problems, puts forward some suggestions and Countermeasures to solve the rural left-behind children's education problems:the reform of the urban and rural two yuan the defects of the system, perfect the laws and regulations; to increase the local government financial support, improving rural left-behind children education work mechanism; vigorously develop the rural economy, strengthen the government's social management work.
In this study, the rural left-behind children's education in the government should play a role as a research perspective, combined with the scholars on the basis of the education problems of left-behind children in rural areas of exploration, systematic, point to the government management, to solve the problems of rural left-behind children's education, as an academic contribution.
引文
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2 叶敬忠.[美]詹姆斯.莫瑞主编.《关注留守儿童：中国中西部农村地区劳动力外出务工对留守儿童的影响》[M],北京：社会科学文献出版社,2005.
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3 于慎鸿.农村“留守儿童”教育问题探析[J].中州学刊,2006, (3).
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3 刘允明.关爱农村“留守儿童”[J].乌鲁木齐职业大学学报,2005, (3).
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4 吴霓：对解决农村留守儿童教育问题的建议[J].河南教育,2006, (5).
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2 于慎鸿.农村“留守儿童”教育问题探析[J].中州学刊,2006, (3)
3 庄美芳.留守儿童自主性学习品质现状调查报告[J].江西教育,2006, (7).
1 吕绍清.中国农村留守儿童问题研究[J].中国妇运,2006, (6).
2 鲁秀美,李培湘.农村“留守儿童”问题的成因及对策思考[J].黑河学刊,2007,(1)
3 于慎鸿.农村“留守儿童”教育问题探析[J].中州学刊,2006, (3).
1 陈玉江.农村“留守儿童”教育的症结及对策[J].农村.农业.农民(A版),2005,(2).
2 熊亚.我国农村留守儿童存在的问题及对策研究[J].当代教育论坛,2006, (20).
3 刘允明.关爱农村“留守儿童”[J].乌鲁木齐职业大学学报,2005, (3).
4 周全得,齐建英.对农村“留守儿童”问题的理性思考[J].中州学刊,2006,(1).
1 马克思.《马克思恩格斯全集》(第2卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1957.
1 Paula Allen -Meares.儿童青少年社会工作》,李健英,范志海译[M].上海：华东理工大学出版社,2006.
1 王莹,罗银利.城市二元社会结构研究回顾[J].合作经济与科技,2007,(2).
1 陈海燕.我国当前农村土地产权制度改革研究[J].内蒙古民族大学,2011, (6).
[1]叶敬忠.《中国留守儿童现状调查》[M].北京：中国农业大学出版社,2005.
[2]惠宁,霍丽.《中国农村剩余劳动力转移研究》[M].北京：中国经济出版社,2007.
[3]陆士祯.《儿童青少年社会工作》[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2008.
[4]马克思.《马克思恩格斯全集》(第2卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1957.
[5]周谷平,戴嘉敏.《全民优质教育均衡发展的区域探索-基于宁波市江东区的实践》[M].山东：山东教育出版社,2010.
[6]叶敬忠,[美]詹姆斯.莫瑞主编.《关注留守儿童：中国中西部农村地区劳动力外出务工对留守儿童的影响》[M],北京：社会科学文献出版社,2005.
[7]赵俊超.《中国留守儿童调查》[M].北京：人民出版社,2012.
[8]Paula Allen -Meares.《儿童青少年社会工作》,李健英,范志海译[M].上海：华东理工大学出版社,2006.
[9]全国妇联儿童工作部.《农村留守流动儿童状况调查报告》[M].北京：社会科学文献出版社,2011.
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[2]蒋学杰,刘冠珠.新农村建设与“留守儿童”的归宿[J].长春师范学院学报,2012,(3)
[3]范先佐.农村留守儿童教育面临的问题及对策[J].国家教育行政学院学报2005,(7).
[4]鲁秀美,李培湘.农村“留守儿童”问题的成因及对策思考[J].黑河学刊,2007,(1).
[5]李春梅,孟荣荣.农村留守儿童教育问题分析与对策[J].决策咨询,2012, (7)
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