车辆荷载作用下曲线钢—混凝土组合箱梁桥的动力性能研究
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摘要
随着社会的进步,车辆运行速度不断加快,车流密度日益增加,车辆载重也逐渐增大。高速行驶的车辆对所通过的桥梁产生动力冲击作用,使桥梁发生振动,直接影响桥梁的工作状态和使用寿命。因此,对车辆一桥梁动力相互作用进行综合研究,是合理进行桥梁设计的需要。目前,国内外对于铁路桥梁研究的较多,取得了很大的成果,对于公路桥梁的研究却相对落后,无论是实验研究还是有限元分析只是停留在对构件的研究阶段。本文总结已有的桥梁振动理论和动力有限元理论,利用大型有限元软件SAP2000建立了曲线钢—混凝土结合梁桥的全桥有限元模型,通过对该桥的静力分析、模态分析和考虑车速、车道和车辆数量的车辆荷载时程分析,对桥的动力性能进行了研究。
分析表明:利用SAP2000建立了全桥有限元模型,分析桥梁的动力性能是可行的。桥梁的低阶振型起主要作用,但不能忽视高阶振型的影响;考虑了动力荷载空间分布的Ritz向量分析方法能够在模态分析中得到更精确结果;对于曲线弯梁桥,弯扭耦合作用影响明显;动力效应显著的提高了外箱梁和内箱梁底板的应力差;车辆以不同的速度在中车道行驶时,外箱的动力效应更明显;车辆在不同车道行驶时,内箱上部桥面板所受应力方向作用不同;车辆的行驶车道对桥梁的动力作用影响明显;车辆在外车道行驶时,对内箱的动力影响较大;在车辆行驶激发的桥梁振动中,由于桥面板和钢箱梁的材料不同,两者的振动频率不一样,两者的振动并不是一致的;两辆车在桥梁上行驶时,桥梁的动力效应比一辆车在行驶时大,尤其是箱梁底板应力的动静比提高最大。
With the advancement of society, the vehicle speed is accelerating, the traffic density is intensifying, and the vehicle load is also gradually increasing. The bridge vibration which generated by the high-speed vehicles influences the work status and life of the bridge.Therefore, the synthetic study of the vehicle - bridge dynamic interaction is necessary to the bridge design. At present, most of the domestic and foreign researches focus on the railway bridges .The research about the highway bridge including both of the experimental study or the finite element analysis remain in the component analyzing period.This paper summarizes the existing bridge vibration theory and dynamic finite element theory, using the large-scale finite element software SAP2000 to establish full-bridge finite element model of the curvilinear steel - concrete composite girder bridge. Through static analysis, modal analysis and time-history analysis considering speed, lane and vehicle number of the bridge, the dynamic performance of the bridge were studied.
Analysis showed that: it is feasible to use SAP2000 to establish a full-bridge finite element model and to analyze the dynamic performance of the bridge. The bridge's low-level vibration mode contributes a major role, but the impact of higher-order vibration mode can not be ignored. the.The Ritz vector analysis method considering the spatial distribution of dynamic load presents more accurate results.For bending curve girder bridge, the coupling impact of bending and torsion is obviously. Dynamic effect significantly increased stress difference between the outside box girder and the inside box girder.When the vehicles travelling on the middle lane at different speeds , the dynamic effect of the outside box girder is more obvious.The stress direction on bridge deck above the inside box girder varies to the different lanes on which the vehicles are travelling. When the vehicles travelling on the outside lane ,dynamic effect of the iutside box is more obvious.For the bridge vibration stimulated by the vehicles, because of the different materials used in the plates and the steel box girders, the vibration is not consistent. The dynamic effect on the bridge by two cars is greater than single car, especially the dynamic-static ratio of the stress on the box backplane increases most.
分析表明:利用SAP2000建立了全桥有限元模型,分析桥梁的动力性能是可行的。桥梁的低阶振型起主要作用,但不能忽视高阶振型的影响;考虑了动力荷载空间分布的Ritz向量分析方法能够在模态分析中得到更精确结果;对于曲线弯梁桥,弯扭耦合作用影响明显;动力效应显著的提高了外箱梁和内箱梁底板的应力差;车辆以不同的速度在中车道行驶时,外箱的动力效应更明显;车辆在不同车道行驶时,内箱上部桥面板所受应力方向作用不同;车辆的行驶车道对桥梁的动力作用影响明显;车辆在外车道行驶时,对内箱的动力影响较大;在车辆行驶激发的桥梁振动中,由于桥面板和钢箱梁的材料不同,两者的振动频率不一样,两者的振动并不是一致的;两辆车在桥梁上行驶时,桥梁的动力效应比一辆车在行驶时大,尤其是箱梁底板应力的动静比提高最大。
With the advancement of society, the vehicle speed is accelerating, the traffic density is intensifying, and the vehicle load is also gradually increasing. The bridge vibration which generated by the high-speed vehicles influences the work status and life of the bridge.Therefore, the synthetic study of the vehicle - bridge dynamic interaction is necessary to the bridge design. At present, most of the domestic and foreign researches focus on the railway bridges .The research about the highway bridge including both of the experimental study or the finite element analysis remain in the component analyzing period.This paper summarizes the existing bridge vibration theory and dynamic finite element theory, using the large-scale finite element software SAP2000 to establish full-bridge finite element model of the curvilinear steel - concrete composite girder bridge. Through static analysis, modal analysis and time-history analysis considering speed, lane and vehicle number of the bridge, the dynamic performance of the bridge were studied.
Analysis showed that: it is feasible to use SAP2000 to establish a full-bridge finite element model and to analyze the dynamic performance of the bridge. The bridge's low-level vibration mode contributes a major role, but the impact of higher-order vibration mode can not be ignored. the.The Ritz vector analysis method considering the spatial distribution of dynamic load presents more accurate results.For bending curve girder bridge, the coupling impact of bending and torsion is obviously. Dynamic effect significantly increased stress difference between the outside box girder and the inside box girder.When the vehicles travelling on the middle lane at different speeds , the dynamic effect of the outside box girder is more obvious.The stress direction on bridge deck above the inside box girder varies to the different lanes on which the vehicles are travelling. When the vehicles travelling on the outside lane ,dynamic effect of the iutside box is more obvious.For the bridge vibration stimulated by the vehicles, because of the different materials used in the plates and the steel box girders, the vibration is not consistent. The dynamic effect on the bridge by two cars is greater than single car, especially the dynamic-static ratio of the stress on the box backplane increases most.
引文
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[3]Inglis C.E.A Mathematical Treatise on Vibrations in Railway Bridges[J].London:Cambridge,1934
[4]Muchnikov V M.Some Methods of Computing Vibration of Elastic Systems Subjected to moving loads [M].Moscow:Gosstroiizdat,1953
[5]Mise K,Kunni S.A theory for the forced vibrations of a railway bridge under the action of moving loads[J].Mechanics & Applied Mathematics,1956,9
[6]夏禾 张楠.车辆与结构动力相互作用[M]科学出版社2005
[7]Bhatti M H.Vertical and Lateral Dynamic Response of Railway Bridges Due to Nonlinear Vehicleand Track Irregularities[D].Chicago:Illinois Institute of Technology,1982
[8]Wang T L,et al.Dynamic response of highway tracks due to road surface roughness[J].Computers&Structures,1993,49(6):1055-1067
[9]Wang T L.Impact.Impact in a railway tress bridge[J].Computers& Structures,1993,49(6):1045-1054
[10]Wang T L,Shahswy M.Impact in highway prestressed concrete bridges[J].Computers &Structures,1992,44(3):525-534
[11]Wang T L.Ramp/bridge interface in prestressed concrete railway bridges[J].Structural Engineering,1990,116(6):1648-1659
[12]Wang T L.Impact and Fatigue in open-deck Steel Truss and Ballasted Prestressed Concrete Railway Bridges[D].Chieago:Illinois Institute of Technology,1984
[13]Wang T L.Chu K H.Railway bridge/vehicle interaction studies with new vehicle model[J].Structural Engineering,1991,117(7):2099-2116
[14]Diana G,et al.A numerical method to define the dynamic behavior of a train running on a deformable structure[J].MECCANICA,1988,Special Issue:27-42
[15]Diana G,et al.Dynamic Interaction between Railway Vehicles and Track[R].Report Dip.Di.Meccanica Politecnico di Milano,1986
[16]Diana G,Cheli F.Dynamic interaction of railway systerms with large bridges[J].Vehicle System Dynamics,1989,18(1-3):71-106
[17]Diana G,et al.Wind Effects on the Dynamic Behavior of Suspension Bridge[R].International Report,Milano,1986
[18]Olsson M.Finite element model coordinate analysis of structures subjected to moving loads[J].Sound & Vibration,1985,99(1):1-12
[19]Olsson M.On the foundational moving load problems[J].Sound&Vibration,1991,145(2):299-307
[20]Bogaert Van.Dynamic response of trains crossing large span double-track bridges[J].Constructional Steel Research,1993,24(1):57-74
[21]Green M F,Cebon D.Dynamic reponse of highway bridges to heavy vehicles loads:theory and experimental validation[J].Sound & Vibration,1994,170(1):51-78
[22]Green M F,et al.Effects of vehicle suspension design on dynamics of highway bridges[J].Structural Engineering,ASCE.1995,121(2):272-282
[23]Yang Y B,et al.Impact Vehicle-bridge interaction analysis by dynamic condensation method[J].Structural Engineering,ASCE,1995,121(11):1636-1643
[24]Yang Y B,et al.Impact formulas for vehicle moving over simple and continuous beams[J].Structural Engineering,ASCE,1995,121(11):1644-1650
[25]Yang Y B,et al.Vehicle-bridge interaction element for dynamic analysis[J].Structural Engineering,ASCE,1997,123(11):1512-1518
[26]Yang Y B,et al.Vibration of simple beams due to trains moving at high speeds[J].Engineering Structures,1997,19(11):936-944
[27]Yang Y B,Wu Y S.Dynamic stability of rains moving over bridges shaken by earthquakes[A].High Speed Railways and Bridge Dynamic[C].Taibei,2002,129-158
[28]李国豪.桥梁结构稳定与振动[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1996
[29]曹雪琴.列车通过时桥梁结构竖向振动分析[J].上海铁道学院学报,1981,2(3):1-15
[30]曹雪琴.钢桁梁桥横向振动[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1991
[31]曹雪琴,陈晓.轮轨蛇行引起桥梁横向振动随机分析[J].铁道学报,1986,8(1):89-97
[32]曹雪琴,刘必胜,吴鹏贤.桥梁结构动力分析[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1987
[33]曹雪琴.,顾萍.沪宁线限速钢梁桥提速试验与分析[J].上海铁科技,2000,3:14-16
[34]曹雪琴等.列车过桥箱形钢梁空间振动分析[J].上海铁道学院学报,1982,3(3):17-35
[35]夏禾,陈英俊.车-梁-墩体系动力相互作用分析[J].土木工程学报,1992,25(2):3-12
[36]夏禾.列车过桥时高桥墩的动力响应及其对列车运行稳定性的影响[D].北京:北方交通大学,1984
[37]Xia He,et al.Dynamic response of a flexible arch stiffened truss bridge under train loads [A].EASEC-3[C].1991
[38]Xia He,Chen Yingjun.Dynamic reliability of train bridge system under wind action by stomachastic extreme analysis[A].EASEC-4[C].Seoul,Korea,1993,2063-2068
[39]夏禾,陈英俊.风和列车荷载同时作用下车桥系统的动力可靠性[J].土木工程学报,1994,27(2):14-21
[40]夏禾,阎贯平,列车—斜拉桥系统在风荷载作用下的动力响应[J].北方交通大学学报,1995,19(2):131-136
[41]郭文华,郭向荣等.大跨度斜拉桥空间振动计算分析[J].振动与冲击,1998,17(1):30-33
[42]郭文华,郭向荣,曾庆元.京沪高速铁路南京长江大桥斜拉桥方案车桥系统振动分析[J].土木工程学报,1999,32(3):23-27
[43]高岩,张煅.高速铁路中小跨度桥梁竖、横向刚度限值及合理分布的研究[J].铁道建筑技术,2000,4:11-14
[44]Xia He,De Roeck G,Zhang Nan,Maeck J.Dynamic analysis of high speed railway bridge under articulated trains[J].Computer & Structures,2003(81):2467-2478
[45]张楠.高速铁路铰接式列车的车桥动力耦合问题的理论分析与试验研究[D].北京:北方交通大学,2002
[46]张士铎、邓小华、王文州.箱形薄壁梁剪力滞效应[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1996
[47]于传君、孙玉武.连续弯箱梁桥剪力滞效应分析.东北公路,2002.1
[48]梁长海.影响预应力混凝土连续曲线箱梁内力和变形的相关因素的研究[D].合肥工业大学,2005
[49]R.克拉夫,J.彭津著.王光远译,结构动力学(第二版).北京:高等教育出版社,,2006.11
[50]宋一凡.公路桥梁动力学.北京:人民交通出版社,2006.6
[51]刘晶波,杜修力.结构动力学.北京:机械工业出版社,2005.5
[52]S.P.Timoshenko,D.H.Young著.叶红玲,杨庆生等译.结构理论.北京机械工业出版社,2005.5
[53]徐日旭.结构振动与振动测试.哈尔滨:东北林业大学出版社,1993.12
[54]公路桥涵设计通用规范.JTG D60-2004.
[55]夏禾,张楠.车辆与结构动力相互作用(第二版)北京科学出版社,2005.8
[56]姜勇,张波.ANSYS7.0实例精解.北京:清华出版社,2004.1
[57]郝文化.ANSYS土木工程应用实例.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005.1
[58]张立明、Algor.ANSYS在桥梁工程中的应用方法与实例.北京:人民交通出版社,2005.3
[59]罗维刚.基于匀速跑车的公路桥梁动力响应分析及性能测试方法研究[D].兰州理工大学 2007
[2]陈英俊.车辆下桥梁振动理论的演进[J].桥梁建设,1975,2:21-36
[3]Inglis C.E.A Mathematical Treatise on Vibrations in Railway Bridges[J].London:Cambridge,1934
[4]Muchnikov V M.Some Methods of Computing Vibration of Elastic Systems Subjected to moving loads [M].Moscow:Gosstroiizdat,1953
[5]Mise K,Kunni S.A theory for the forced vibrations of a railway bridge under the action of moving loads[J].Mechanics & Applied Mathematics,1956,9
[6]夏禾 张楠.车辆与结构动力相互作用[M]科学出版社2005
[7]Bhatti M H.Vertical and Lateral Dynamic Response of Railway Bridges Due to Nonlinear Vehicleand Track Irregularities[D].Chicago:Illinois Institute of Technology,1982
[8]Wang T L,et al.Dynamic response of highway tracks due to road surface roughness[J].Computers&Structures,1993,49(6):1055-1067
[9]Wang T L.Impact.Impact in a railway tress bridge[J].Computers& Structures,1993,49(6):1045-1054
[10]Wang T L,Shahswy M.Impact in highway prestressed concrete bridges[J].Computers &Structures,1992,44(3):525-534
[11]Wang T L.Ramp/bridge interface in prestressed concrete railway bridges[J].Structural Engineering,1990,116(6):1648-1659
[12]Wang T L.Impact and Fatigue in open-deck Steel Truss and Ballasted Prestressed Concrete Railway Bridges[D].Chieago:Illinois Institute of Technology,1984
[13]Wang T L.Chu K H.Railway bridge/vehicle interaction studies with new vehicle model[J].Structural Engineering,1991,117(7):2099-2116
[14]Diana G,et al.A numerical method to define the dynamic behavior of a train running on a deformable structure[J].MECCANICA,1988,Special Issue:27-42
[15]Diana G,et al.Dynamic Interaction between Railway Vehicles and Track[R].Report Dip.Di.Meccanica Politecnico di Milano,1986
[16]Diana G,Cheli F.Dynamic interaction of railway systerms with large bridges[J].Vehicle System Dynamics,1989,18(1-3):71-106
[17]Diana G,et al.Wind Effects on the Dynamic Behavior of Suspension Bridge[R].International Report,Milano,1986
[18]Olsson M.Finite element model coordinate analysis of structures subjected to moving loads[J].Sound & Vibration,1985,99(1):1-12
[19]Olsson M.On the foundational moving load problems[J].Sound&Vibration,1991,145(2):299-307
[20]Bogaert Van.Dynamic response of trains crossing large span double-track bridges[J].Constructional Steel Research,1993,24(1):57-74
[21]Green M F,Cebon D.Dynamic reponse of highway bridges to heavy vehicles loads:theory and experimental validation[J].Sound & Vibration,1994,170(1):51-78
[22]Green M F,et al.Effects of vehicle suspension design on dynamics of highway bridges[J].Structural Engineering,ASCE.1995,121(2):272-282
[23]Yang Y B,et al.Impact Vehicle-bridge interaction analysis by dynamic condensation method[J].Structural Engineering,ASCE,1995,121(11):1636-1643
[24]Yang Y B,et al.Impact formulas for vehicle moving over simple and continuous beams[J].Structural Engineering,ASCE,1995,121(11):1644-1650
[25]Yang Y B,et al.Vehicle-bridge interaction element for dynamic analysis[J].Structural Engineering,ASCE,1997,123(11):1512-1518
[26]Yang Y B,et al.Vibration of simple beams due to trains moving at high speeds[J].Engineering Structures,1997,19(11):936-944
[27]Yang Y B,Wu Y S.Dynamic stability of rains moving over bridges shaken by earthquakes[A].High Speed Railways and Bridge Dynamic[C].Taibei,2002,129-158
[28]李国豪.桥梁结构稳定与振动[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1996
[29]曹雪琴.列车通过时桥梁结构竖向振动分析[J].上海铁道学院学报,1981,2(3):1-15
[30]曹雪琴.钢桁梁桥横向振动[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1991
[31]曹雪琴,陈晓.轮轨蛇行引起桥梁横向振动随机分析[J].铁道学报,1986,8(1):89-97
[32]曹雪琴,刘必胜,吴鹏贤.桥梁结构动力分析[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1987
[33]曹雪琴.,顾萍.沪宁线限速钢梁桥提速试验与分析[J].上海铁科技,2000,3:14-16
[34]曹雪琴等.列车过桥箱形钢梁空间振动分析[J].上海铁道学院学报,1982,3(3):17-35
[35]夏禾,陈英俊.车-梁-墩体系动力相互作用分析[J].土木工程学报,1992,25(2):3-12
[36]夏禾.列车过桥时高桥墩的动力响应及其对列车运行稳定性的影响[D].北京:北方交通大学,1984
[37]Xia He,et al.Dynamic response of a flexible arch stiffened truss bridge under train loads [A].EASEC-3[C].1991
[38]Xia He,Chen Yingjun.Dynamic reliability of train bridge system under wind action by stomachastic extreme analysis[A].EASEC-4[C].Seoul,Korea,1993,2063-2068
[39]夏禾,陈英俊.风和列车荷载同时作用下车桥系统的动力可靠性[J].土木工程学报,1994,27(2):14-21
[40]夏禾,阎贯平,列车—斜拉桥系统在风荷载作用下的动力响应[J].北方交通大学学报,1995,19(2):131-136
[41]郭文华,郭向荣等.大跨度斜拉桥空间振动计算分析[J].振动与冲击,1998,17(1):30-33
[42]郭文华,郭向荣,曾庆元.京沪高速铁路南京长江大桥斜拉桥方案车桥系统振动分析[J].土木工程学报,1999,32(3):23-27
[43]高岩,张煅.高速铁路中小跨度桥梁竖、横向刚度限值及合理分布的研究[J].铁道建筑技术,2000,4:11-14
[44]Xia He,De Roeck G,Zhang Nan,Maeck J.Dynamic analysis of high speed railway bridge under articulated trains[J].Computer & Structures,2003(81):2467-2478
[45]张楠.高速铁路铰接式列车的车桥动力耦合问题的理论分析与试验研究[D].北京:北方交通大学,2002
[46]张士铎、邓小华、王文州.箱形薄壁梁剪力滞效应[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1996
[47]于传君、孙玉武.连续弯箱梁桥剪力滞效应分析.东北公路,2002.1
[48]梁长海.影响预应力混凝土连续曲线箱梁内力和变形的相关因素的研究[D].合肥工业大学,2005
[49]R.克拉夫,J.彭津著.王光远译,结构动力学(第二版).北京:高等教育出版社,,2006.11
[50]宋一凡.公路桥梁动力学.北京:人民交通出版社,2006.6
[51]刘晶波,杜修力.结构动力学.北京:机械工业出版社,2005.5
[52]S.P.Timoshenko,D.H.Young著.叶红玲,杨庆生等译.结构理论.北京机械工业出版社,2005.5
[53]徐日旭.结构振动与振动测试.哈尔滨:东北林业大学出版社,1993.12
[54]公路桥涵设计通用规范.JTG D60-2004.
[55]夏禾,张楠.车辆与结构动力相互作用(第二版)北京科学出版社,2005.8
[56]姜勇,张波.ANSYS7.0实例精解.北京:清华出版社,2004.1
[57]郝文化.ANSYS土木工程应用实例.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005.1
[58]张立明、Algor.ANSYS在桥梁工程中的应用方法与实例.北京:人民交通出版社,2005.3
[59]罗维刚.基于匀速跑车的公路桥梁动力响应分析及性能测试方法研究[D].兰州理工大学 2007