HEV综合能量流模型及仿真研究
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摘要
近年来,节能与环保已成为世界各国关注的重大问题,汽车是化石能源消耗和污染大气环境的大户,世界各国的汽车行业研究者都在利用各种新技术、新方法来解决汽车的节能环保问题。在此背景下,混合动力电动汽车(HEV)由于其良好的经济性能和较低的排放性能以及能更好利用传统内燃机汽车现有基础设施等原因,被认为是本世纪解决汽车面临的石油能源危机和环境污染问题的有效方案之一。
在计算机技术发达的今天,建立数学模型并利用计算机对HEV实际情况进行仿真研究分析,不仅可以深入了解各因素对HEV整车性能的具体影响,灵活地调整HEV设计方案,优化动力总成系统设计参数,而且可以减少开发成本,缩短开发周期,从而适应当今世界激烈的市场竞争。
以往的车辆仿真,其重心主要集中在动力总成方面。而车辆在实际运行中,辅助能量附件系统(例如,空调系统、动力转向系统、制动系统、发动机冷却系统等)所消耗的能量占整车油耗的9-15%左右,这部分的能量仿真目前被很多研究者所忽视。
本文结合“十一五”期间国家高技术研究与发展计划(“863”计划)“电动汽车”重大专项的研究课题“电动汽车控制算法与基础技术研究”的研究工作,提出了考虑附件系统能耗模型的HEV综合能量流模型,并在此模型基础上本文完成了附件系统工作特性分析、HEV参数对整车性能影响、HEV参数优化设计和综合能量流模型硬件在环仿真等方面的研究工作,可以为HEV的整车设计开发提供必要的理论指导。
In recent years, energy-saving and environmental protection has become a major issue of all countries in the world. Vehicles take tremendous responsibility for fossil energy consumption and pollution of atmospheric environment. New methods and technologies are studied by many automotive researchers to solve the energy-saving and environmental protection problem for vehicles. Under this background, hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) , due to its good economic performance , low emissions performance, better use of traditional ICE vehicle's existing infrastructure, and other factors, are considered one of the eff(?)ctive solutions.
In the modern development of computer technology, the measure of establishing mathematical models and using computers to simulate the actual situation in HEV research, not only can help people to study the various factors on the specific impact of vehicle performance, but also can adjust HEV subsystem design and optimize parameters. Through this method, researchers can reduce development costs and short the product development cycle, meet the current needs of the world the fierce market competition.
In the previous vehicle simulation, its focus mainly concentrated in the powertrain area. But in the actual operation of vehicles, auxiliary system (for example, air-conditioning systems, power steering system, brake system, engine cooling system, etc.) consume 9-15% of vehicle fuel consumption. This part of the energy consumption is ignored by previous simulation.
Supported by the major project "Research on Control Algorithm and Basis Technology for Electric Vehicles" under "High-Tech R&D Program of China", the HEV integrated energy flow model, which calculates Vehicle auxiliary system energy consumption, has been proposed. On this basis, the study of auxiliary system analysis, HEV vehicle and control strategy parameters performance and optimization and hardware in-the-loop simulation have been carried our. I think this study can provide the necessary theoretical supervise for HEV design and research.
在计算机技术发达的今天,建立数学模型并利用计算机对HEV实际情况进行仿真研究分析,不仅可以深入了解各因素对HEV整车性能的具体影响,灵活地调整HEV设计方案,优化动力总成系统设计参数,而且可以减少开发成本,缩短开发周期,从而适应当今世界激烈的市场竞争。
以往的车辆仿真,其重心主要集中在动力总成方面。而车辆在实际运行中,辅助能量附件系统(例如,空调系统、动力转向系统、制动系统、发动机冷却系统等)所消耗的能量占整车油耗的9-15%左右,这部分的能量仿真目前被很多研究者所忽视。
本文结合“十一五”期间国家高技术研究与发展计划(“863”计划)“电动汽车”重大专项的研究课题“电动汽车控制算法与基础技术研究”的研究工作,提出了考虑附件系统能耗模型的HEV综合能量流模型,并在此模型基础上本文完成了附件系统工作特性分析、HEV参数对整车性能影响、HEV参数优化设计和综合能量流模型硬件在环仿真等方面的研究工作,可以为HEV的整车设计开发提供必要的理论指导。
In recent years, energy-saving and environmental protection has become a major issue of all countries in the world. Vehicles take tremendous responsibility for fossil energy consumption and pollution of atmospheric environment. New methods and technologies are studied by many automotive researchers to solve the energy-saving and environmental protection problem for vehicles. Under this background, hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) , due to its good economic performance , low emissions performance, better use of traditional ICE vehicle's existing infrastructure, and other factors, are considered one of the eff(?)ctive solutions.
In the modern development of computer technology, the measure of establishing mathematical models and using computers to simulate the actual situation in HEV research, not only can help people to study the various factors on the specific impact of vehicle performance, but also can adjust HEV subsystem design and optimize parameters. Through this method, researchers can reduce development costs and short the product development cycle, meet the current needs of the world the fierce market competition.
In the previous vehicle simulation, its focus mainly concentrated in the powertrain area. But in the actual operation of vehicles, auxiliary system (for example, air-conditioning systems, power steering system, brake system, engine cooling system, etc.) consume 9-15% of vehicle fuel consumption. This part of the energy consumption is ignored by previous simulation.
Supported by the major project "Research on Control Algorithm and Basis Technology for Electric Vehicles" under "High-Tech R&D Program of China", the HEV integrated energy flow model, which calculates Vehicle auxiliary system energy consumption, has been proposed. On this basis, the study of auxiliary system analysis, HEV vehicle and control strategy parameters performance and optimization and hardware in-the-loop simulation have been carried our. I think this study can provide the necessary theoretical supervise for HEV design and research.
引文
铩颷1]电动汽车总体专项组等.“十五”国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)电动汽车重大专项进展[J].汽车工程,2003,25(6):533-536
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[3]中国行业研究网.“2007年我国汽车产量有望达850万辆年均增长45.8%”.2007-10-18
[4]许倞.“十五”国家863计划电动汽车重大专项正式启动.中国科技产业.2002年3月
[5]陈清泉,孙逢春,李纯菊.清节汽车的发展及对策.东风汽车工程研究院2000年度信息研究课题.2000年
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[10]张志涌.精通MATLAB 6.5版.北京航空航天大学出版社.2005
[11]Thomas L.Quinn,Bor Yann Liaw.Electric Vehicle Rapid chargingInfrastructure in Hawaii.SAE2000-01-1606
[12]Terry Hendricks,Michael O'Keefe.Heavy Vehicle Auxiliary Load Electrification fortheEssential Power System Program:Benefits,Tradeoffs,and Remaining Challenges.NationalRenewable Energy Laboratory.SAE 2002-01-3135
[13]廖海涛.多能源动力总成控制系统的控制策略及仿真.武汉理工大学学位论文.2003年5月。
[14]U.Varchmin,T.Hirschberg,D.Neumann.An Engine Signal Simulator,Microprocessing andMicroprogramming.28(1989)
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[17]L.E.Unnewehr,J.E.Auiler,L.R.Foote,D.F.Moyer,and H.L.Stadler.Hybrid Vehicle forFuel Economy,SAE 760121
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[20]Chengtao Lin et al.A Hardware-in-the-loop Hybrid Electric Vehicle Simulation System.21thElectrical Vehicle Symposium Review
[21]肖田元,张燕云,陈加栋.系统仿真导论.北京:清华大学出版社.2001.1
[22]陈清泉,孙逢春,祝嘉光.现代电动车技术.北京:北京理工大学出版社.2002
[23]游景玉.实时仿真技术及其应用.珠海:珠海出版社.1997.1
[24]吴俊云.空凋客车厢体传热分析与空调车室内气流组织问题综合研究[博士学位论文].上 海交通大学.1999
铩颷25]Mattias Asbogard,Filip Edstrom,Johan Bringhed,Mikael Larsson,Jonas Hellgren.EvaluatingPotential of Vehicle Auxiliary system Coordination Using Optimal Control.ChalmersUniversity.2002
[26]Terry Hendricks and Michael O'Keefe.Heavy Vehicle Auxiliary Load Electrification for theEssential Power System Program:Benefits,Tradeoffs,and Remaining Challenges[J].SAE2002-01-3135
[27]阙雄才,陈江平.汽车空调实用技术[M].机械工业出版社,2004
[28]SAE J1340.Test Method for Measuring Power Consumption of Air Conditioning and BrakeCompressors for Trucks and Buses.REAF SEP2003
[29]Tarun Malik and Clark Bullard.Air Conditioning HEV While Stopped in Traffic.AirConditioning and Refrigeration Center,University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.SAE2004-01-1513
[30]SAE J1341.The Method for Measuring Power Consumption of Hydraulic Pumps for Trucks andBuses.REAF APR2003
[31]高翔,赵金才,王若平,凌智勇.液压助力转向系统的仿真分析.江苏大学汽车与交通工程学院.江苏大学学报.2003
[32]叶耿.汽车电动式动力转向器的动力学建模和控制系统研究[硕士学位论文].华中科技大学.2002
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[35]刘越琪,耿晓哲.汽车发动机冷却系仿真优选方法的研究.内燃机工程.2006
[36]SAE J1342.Test Method for Determining Power Consumption of Engine Cooling Fan-DriveSystems.REV JUN2001
[37]陈芝久,阙雄才,丁国良.制冷系统热动力学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1998
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[39]冯引安,谢昭莉,张元涛.电动助力转向系统建模及动力学仿真分析.重庆大学自动化学院.2003
[40]LIAO Y G,DU H I.Modelling and analysis of electric power steering system and its effect onvehicle dynamic behaviour[J].Vehicle Autonomous Systems,2003,1(2):153-16
[41]安永东,刘颖,王洪珍.基于MATLAB的汽车ABS制动动态模型的仿真研究.黑龙江工程学院学报.2006
[42]肖永清,杨忠敏.汽车制动系统的使用与维修.北京:中国电力出版社.2004.7
[43]蒋学锋.后置发动机汽车冷却系统的研究.汽车技术.2000
[44]宋建锋,PHEV动力总成控制单元硬件在环仿真系统的研究:[硕士学位论文],北京:北方交通大学学位论,2003.2
[45]梁龙.HEV多能源动力总成控制系统仿真研究:[硕士学位论文].北京:北方交通大学,2001
[46]于海生.HEV整车性能模拟分析研究:[硕士学位论文].北京:北方交通大学,2005
[47]张翔,赵韩,钱立军,张炳力.电动汽车优化设计技术的研究.上海汽车.2004(6):26-30
[48]万仲平,费浦生.优化理论与方法.武汉大学出版社,2004
[49]曹卫华,郭正.最优化技术方法及MATLAB的实现.化学工业出版社,2005
[50]Liang Chu,Youde L,Qingnian Wang.Study on the Parametric Optimization for a Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle Power Train.SAE.2000
铩颷51]雷英杰,张善文,李续武等.遗传算法工具箱及应用.西安电子科技大学出版社.2005
[52]Knut Welke,Martin Ochs,Hans-Joachim et al.single Shaft Parallel Hybrid Drive System.SAE970286
[53]Ferdinand Svaricek,Automatic Valuation and Verification of ABS Controllers by Using aHardware-in-The-Loop Simulation.SAE 980241
[54]Robert W.Weeks,John J.Moskwa,Automotive Engine Modeling for Real-Time Control UsingMATLAB/SIMULINK.SAE 950417
[55]李从心,张欣,张良.PHEV动力总成控制器硬件在环仿真系统的研究.北京交通大学学报.2004,28(1):91-94
[56]潘峰,薛定宇,徐心和基于队半实物仿真技术的伺服控制研究与应用系统仿真学报.2004.16(5):936-939
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[2]“2006年中国汽车产量为728万辆 跃居世界第三位”.2007年02月11日.http://www.sina.com.cn
[3]中国行业研究网.“2007年我国汽车产量有望达850万辆年均增长45.8%”.2007-10-18
[4]许倞.“十五”国家863计划电动汽车重大专项正式启动.中国科技产业.2002年3月
[5]陈清泉,孙逢春,李纯菊.清节汽车的发展及对策.东风汽车工程研究院2000年度信息研究课题.2000年
[6]徐江林.电动汽车与代用燃料的开发和应用前景.汽车研究与开发.1998年4月
[7]刘剑雄,管前新.当前世界电动汽车发展概况(Ⅰ).汽车技术.1997年4月
[8]詹宜巨,陈清泉.电动车技术发展及其展望.电气传动.1997年5月
[9]K.B.Wipke,M.R.Cuddy,S.B.Burch.ADVISOR 2.1:A User Friendly Advanced PowertrainSimulation Using a Combined Backward/Forward Approach.NNEL/JA-540-26839.1999
[10]张志涌.精通MATLAB 6.5版.北京航空航天大学出版社.2005
[11]Thomas L.Quinn,Bor Yann Liaw.Electric Vehicle Rapid chargingInfrastructure in Hawaii.SAE2000-01-1606
[12]Terry Hendricks,Michael O'Keefe.Heavy Vehicle Auxiliary Load Electrification fortheEssential Power System Program:Benefits,Tradeoffs,and Remaining Challenges.NationalRenewable Energy Laboratory.SAE 2002-01-3135
[13]廖海涛.多能源动力总成控制系统的控制策略及仿真.武汉理工大学学位论文.2003年5月。
[14]U.Varchmin,T.Hirschberg,D.Neumann.An Engine Signal Simulator,Microprocessing andMicroprogramming.28(1989)
[15]Detlef Neumanm,Bernard Biker,Jirm-Uwe Varchmin.An Universal Realtime Simulator forEngine Signals.MTZ.1994,12
[16]Mattias Asbogard,Filip Edstrom,Johan Bringhed,Mikael Larsson,Jonas Hellgren.EvaluatingPotential of Vehicle Auxiliary System Coordination Using Optimal Control.ChalmersUniversity of Technology.Goteborg,Sweden.2002
[17]L.E.Unnewehr,J.E.Auiler,L.R.Foote,D.F.Moyer,and H.L.Stadler.Hybrid Vehicle forFuel Economy,SAE 760121
[18]张翔,赵韩,钱立军,张炳力.电动汽车软件发展.系统仿真学报.2004 16(8).1621-1623
[19]R.M.Schupbach et al.A Versatile Laboratory Test Bench for Developing PowertrainsofElectric Vehicles.IEEE Review0-7803-7467-3,2002,1666-1670
[20]Chengtao Lin et al.A Hardware-in-the-loop Hybrid Electric Vehicle Simulation System.21thElectrical Vehicle Symposium Review
[21]肖田元,张燕云,陈加栋.系统仿真导论.北京:清华大学出版社.2001.1
[22]陈清泉,孙逢春,祝嘉光.现代电动车技术.北京:北京理工大学出版社.2002
[23]游景玉.实时仿真技术及其应用.珠海:珠海出版社.1997.1
[24]吴俊云.空凋客车厢体传热分析与空调车室内气流组织问题综合研究[博士学位论文].上 海交通大学.1999
铩颷25]Mattias Asbogard,Filip Edstrom,Johan Bringhed,Mikael Larsson,Jonas Hellgren.EvaluatingPotential of Vehicle Auxiliary system Coordination Using Optimal Control.ChalmersUniversity.2002
[26]Terry Hendricks and Michael O'Keefe.Heavy Vehicle Auxiliary Load Electrification for theEssential Power System Program:Benefits,Tradeoffs,and Remaining Challenges[J].SAE2002-01-3135
[27]阙雄才,陈江平.汽车空调实用技术[M].机械工业出版社,2004
[28]SAE J1340.Test Method for Measuring Power Consumption of Air Conditioning and BrakeCompressors for Trucks and Buses.REAF SEP2003
[29]Tarun Malik and Clark Bullard.Air Conditioning HEV While Stopped in Traffic.AirConditioning and Refrigeration Center,University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.SAE2004-01-1513
[30]SAE J1341.The Method for Measuring Power Consumption of Hydraulic Pumps for Trucks andBuses.REAF APR2003
[31]高翔,赵金才,王若平,凌智勇.液压助力转向系统的仿真分析.江苏大学汽车与交通工程学院.江苏大学学报.2003
[32]叶耿.汽车电动式动力转向器的动力学建模和控制系统研究[硕士学位论文].华中科技大学.2002
[33]安部正任.汽车的运动和操作.北京:机械工业出版社.1998
[34]陈家瑞.汽车构造(下册)[M].机械工业出版社.2006
[35]刘越琪,耿晓哲.汽车发动机冷却系仿真优选方法的研究.内燃机工程.2006
[36]SAE J1342.Test Method for Determining Power Consumption of Engine Cooling Fan-DriveSystems.REV JUN2001
[37]陈芝久,阙雄才,丁国良.制冷系统热动力学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1998
[38]孙学军,阙雄才,陈芝久.汽车空调系统动态特性与优化分析.上海交通大学学报.1999
[39]冯引安,谢昭莉,张元涛.电动助力转向系统建模及动力学仿真分析.重庆大学自动化学院.2003
[40]LIAO Y G,DU H I.Modelling and analysis of electric power steering system and its effect onvehicle dynamic behaviour[J].Vehicle Autonomous Systems,2003,1(2):153-16
[41]安永东,刘颖,王洪珍.基于MATLAB的汽车ABS制动动态模型的仿真研究.黑龙江工程学院学报.2006
[42]肖永清,杨忠敏.汽车制动系统的使用与维修.北京:中国电力出版社.2004.7
[43]蒋学锋.后置发动机汽车冷却系统的研究.汽车技术.2000
[44]宋建锋,PHEV动力总成控制单元硬件在环仿真系统的研究:[硕士学位论文],北京:北方交通大学学位论,2003.2
[45]梁龙.HEV多能源动力总成控制系统仿真研究:[硕士学位论文].北京:北方交通大学,2001
[46]于海生.HEV整车性能模拟分析研究:[硕士学位论文].北京:北方交通大学,2005
[47]张翔,赵韩,钱立军,张炳力.电动汽车优化设计技术的研究.上海汽车.2004(6):26-30
[48]万仲平,费浦生.优化理论与方法.武汉大学出版社,2004
[49]曹卫华,郭正.最优化技术方法及MATLAB的实现.化学工业出版社,2005
[50]Liang Chu,Youde L,Qingnian Wang.Study on the Parametric Optimization for a Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle Power Train.SAE.2000
铩颷51]雷英杰,张善文,李续武等.遗传算法工具箱及应用.西安电子科技大学出版社.2005
[52]Knut Welke,Martin Ochs,Hans-Joachim et al.single Shaft Parallel Hybrid Drive System.SAE970286
[53]Ferdinand Svaricek,Automatic Valuation and Verification of ABS Controllers by Using aHardware-in-The-Loop Simulation.SAE 980241
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