基于MapX的GPS定位系统研究
摘要
本课题集成GPS技术、GIS技术与GPRS技术的最新研究成果,利用GPRS无线通信的优点,提出了一种基于MapX组件开发GIS系统的实现方法。本文介绍了定位的系统发展现状,分析了系统设计所涉及的基础理论和关键技术,设计并实现了一个具体的GPS定位导航系统,为开发一套能够宏观监控环境与对监控区内目标进行定位的指挥系统奠定基础。
论文首先从系统设计的软件结构和硬件结构两个方面阐述体系结构的完整性、合理性和科学性,其次阐述了系统理论基础和关键技术,主要研究了GPS定位技术、GPRS通信技术以及MapX组件技术,然后在上述理论分析基础上完成了前置定位处理系统设计、通信传输系统设计和基于MapX的地理信息系统的开发,最后给出了系统具体实现与误差分析。
系统的设计与实现主要利用ARM7TDMI微处理器、GPS模块、GPRS无线通信模块、Access数据库、MSComm串口通信控件和MapInfo Professional开发工具,在VC++环境下利用MFC应用程序,完成了基于MapX的GIS/GPS定位系统模型的开发,实现了所设计的定位系统模型的基本功能,系统存在的误差在允许范围内,实验数据表明系统具有良好的定位与监控功能。
This paper uses the latest GPS and GIS technology, proposes a secondary development model for GIS based on MapX components. By realizing data communication using short message service in GPRS module, we can apply embedded system to remote monitoring system, and further more, provide methods to location, tracking, navigation, and so on. Also, we provide implementation method of this system. The design goal is to realize accurate location of every front terminal which have GPS receiver. The location data is reliable transferred using GPRS wireless communication system, meanwhile, our system also provides a interface for users to do some interactive operation. The system in this paper is a sub-project of ITS, which can relieve traffic congestion and can improve the efficient use of road infrastructure, so this system has important practical significance.
Firstly, this paper proposes research background of this system, analysis current development and clear practical significance and goal of this system, and also describes system integrity from software and hardware structure of system design. We design hardware structure of this system in detail, choose ARM7TDMI as our embedded micro-processor, and design hardware of power supply, reset circuit, storage, GPRS module and GPS module. For software design, we divide our system into GPS location module and GPRS communication module. We discuss the migration of uc/os-II in detail, and cut kernel and file system. This paper does further research on technology and theory of system development, especially describes basic system theory and research results of GPS location technology, GPRS communication technology and MapX component technology.
Secondly, this paper designs and realizes GPS location processing system, it is the mobile part of GPS system. The location processing system is made up of GPS location module, data processing module and GPRS communication module. The main purpose of this system is to collect analysis, filter and test GPS navigation data. Also this paper gives some algorithms used in GPS processing module, including GPS navigation data processing. WGS-84 coordinate transformation, map matching, and so on. Especially, we design GPS navigation data and NMEA-0183 statement output protocol, data frame format, coding format, data verification and so on.
Thirdly, this paper completes design of communication sub-system using GPRS module. We realize wireless communication transfer based on GSM/GPRS module, and solves technology bottleneck using short message service in GPRS. We design AT instruction to control mobile equipment for short message communication, and realize synchronic design of GPRS thread and GPS thread. Our system makes a communication bridge between front location system and PC using wireless communication system. Front ARM system can send operation command and receive location information through GPRS, and transfer data and command to PC through serial port. We use MSComm component to realize serial port communication.
Finally, this paper completes the development of kernel part of GPS location system, we call it GIS. We developed digital maps used in our system. MapX component was embedded into VC++ application to build and realize basic digital map display system. We realized map loading function, built user map tools, designed and completed database for information management and query, improved database function module, completed bundle design of map data. Finally, GIS can load GPS location points to maps, and update layer display after certain time.
The design and implementation of the system mainly takes the use of the ARM7TDMI microprocessor, GPS receiver, GPRS wireless communication module. Access database. MSComm Maplnfo serial communication control and development tools, using MFC application under VC++environment completes the GPS positioning system model based on MapX components, realizes the functions of the designed navigation and positioning, wireless communications, and basic geographic information service and so on. Through a database bound method, dynamic layer in the GIS shows anchor, based on verified MapX component of the feasibility of GPS positioning. The system has built a digital map information database and dynamic loading. Discuss the development process of the positioning system about the key technical points and the difficulties encountered in hardware and software design approach for the research and laid the theoretical and technical basis deeply. The system exists errors within the standard error of the experimental data and data shows that the system has a good positioning and monitoring functions.
论文首先从系统设计的软件结构和硬件结构两个方面阐述体系结构的完整性、合理性和科学性,其次阐述了系统理论基础和关键技术,主要研究了GPS定位技术、GPRS通信技术以及MapX组件技术,然后在上述理论分析基础上完成了前置定位处理系统设计、通信传输系统设计和基于MapX的地理信息系统的开发,最后给出了系统具体实现与误差分析。
系统的设计与实现主要利用ARM7TDMI微处理器、GPS模块、GPRS无线通信模块、Access数据库、MSComm串口通信控件和MapInfo Professional开发工具,在VC++环境下利用MFC应用程序,完成了基于MapX的GIS/GPS定位系统模型的开发,实现了所设计的定位系统模型的基本功能,系统存在的误差在允许范围内,实验数据表明系统具有良好的定位与监控功能。
This paper uses the latest GPS and GIS technology, proposes a secondary development model for GIS based on MapX components. By realizing data communication using short message service in GPRS module, we can apply embedded system to remote monitoring system, and further more, provide methods to location, tracking, navigation, and so on. Also, we provide implementation method of this system. The design goal is to realize accurate location of every front terminal which have GPS receiver. The location data is reliable transferred using GPRS wireless communication system, meanwhile, our system also provides a interface for users to do some interactive operation. The system in this paper is a sub-project of ITS, which can relieve traffic congestion and can improve the efficient use of road infrastructure, so this system has important practical significance.
Firstly, this paper proposes research background of this system, analysis current development and clear practical significance and goal of this system, and also describes system integrity from software and hardware structure of system design. We design hardware structure of this system in detail, choose ARM7TDMI as our embedded micro-processor, and design hardware of power supply, reset circuit, storage, GPRS module and GPS module. For software design, we divide our system into GPS location module and GPRS communication module. We discuss the migration of uc/os-II in detail, and cut kernel and file system. This paper does further research on technology and theory of system development, especially describes basic system theory and research results of GPS location technology, GPRS communication technology and MapX component technology.
Secondly, this paper designs and realizes GPS location processing system, it is the mobile part of GPS system. The location processing system is made up of GPS location module, data processing module and GPRS communication module. The main purpose of this system is to collect analysis, filter and test GPS navigation data. Also this paper gives some algorithms used in GPS processing module, including GPS navigation data processing. WGS-84 coordinate transformation, map matching, and so on. Especially, we design GPS navigation data and NMEA-0183 statement output protocol, data frame format, coding format, data verification and so on.
Thirdly, this paper completes design of communication sub-system using GPRS module. We realize wireless communication transfer based on GSM/GPRS module, and solves technology bottleneck using short message service in GPRS. We design AT instruction to control mobile equipment for short message communication, and realize synchronic design of GPRS thread and GPS thread. Our system makes a communication bridge between front location system and PC using wireless communication system. Front ARM system can send operation command and receive location information through GPRS, and transfer data and command to PC through serial port. We use MSComm component to realize serial port communication.
Finally, this paper completes the development of kernel part of GPS location system, we call it GIS. We developed digital maps used in our system. MapX component was embedded into VC++ application to build and realize basic digital map display system. We realized map loading function, built user map tools, designed and completed database for information management and query, improved database function module, completed bundle design of map data. Finally, GIS can load GPS location points to maps, and update layer display after certain time.
The design and implementation of the system mainly takes the use of the ARM7TDMI microprocessor, GPS receiver, GPRS wireless communication module. Access database. MSComm Maplnfo serial communication control and development tools, using MFC application under VC++environment completes the GPS positioning system model based on MapX components, realizes the functions of the designed navigation and positioning, wireless communications, and basic geographic information service and so on. Through a database bound method, dynamic layer in the GIS shows anchor, based on verified MapX component of the feasibility of GPS positioning. The system has built a digital map information database and dynamic loading. Discuss the development process of the positioning system about the key technical points and the difficulties encountered in hardware and software design approach for the research and laid the theoretical and technical basis deeply. The system exists errors within the standard error of the experimental data and data shows that the system has a good positioning and monitoring functions.
引文
[1]常青,杨东凯,寇艳红等.车辆导航定位方法及应用[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2005：2-53
[2]张其善,吴今培,杨东凯.智能车辆定位导航系统及其应用[M].北京：科学出版社,2002：28～30
[3]Liu Zhiqiang,Cai Ce,Current Situation Analysis of Road Safety in China[J]. Journal of Highway and traffic Science,2001,01(04):18-21
[4]Song Gao,Ismail Chabini.Optimal routing policy problems in stochastic time-dependent network.Framework and taxonomy[C]. The IEEE 5th International Conference on. Bejing. 2002:93-95
[5]JieDu, Matthew J, Barth.Next-Generation Automated Vehicle Location Systems: Positioning at the Lane Level[J]. IEEE Transaction on Intelligent TransPortation Systems,2008,9(1):48-57
[6]Shuming T ang,, Fei-Yue Wang.Development and Research of Intelligent TransPortation Systems in China's Tenth Five-Year plan[C]. Proeeedings of the 2006 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference,Toronto, Canada, Septembdr,2006.377-382
[7]蔡文沁.我国智能交通系统发展的战略构想[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2003,(1)：16～22
[8]李卫平.智能交通技术应用[M],北京：人民交通出版社,2006,03：1～13
[9]吴冰.基于GPS+GSM的车辆监控系统的研究[D].哈尔滨工程大学硕士论文,2005：4～7
[10]张海,范耀祖.无线通信技术在ITS中的应用[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,2006.05,10～121
[11]华清远见嵌入式培训中心.嵌入式Linux C语言应用程序设计[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2007：1～92,261～269
[12]陈卓.基于GPS和GPRS的追踪系统研究[D].哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文,2009：19～20
[13]贾智平,张瑞华.嵌入式系统原理与接口技术[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2007：23
[14]周立功等.ARM嵌入式系统基础教程[M].北京：北京航天航空大学出版社,2005：1-41
[15]Philips Semiconductors, LPC2210 16/32-bit ARM microcontroller[P]. Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.,2004.02,1-3
[16]张海藩.软件工程导论[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2008：225-239
[17]文志成. Motorola Engineering Institute, GPRS (?)网络技术[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2005.06,202～207
[18]John Hofman, GPRS Demystified[M]. Boston:McGraw-Hill Inc,2003
[19]Chin E.Lin.A Real Time Remote Control Architecture Using Mobile Communication[C]. Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference,2002
[20]Maplnfo Corporation.MapX User Guide[M]. New York,2003
[21]Jean J.Labrosse, uc/os-II--源码分开的实时嵌入式操作系统[M].邵贝贝.北京：中国电力出版社,2001：186～187
[22]王田苗.嵌入式系统设计与实例开发——基于ARM微处理器与μC/OS-II实时操作系统(第2版)[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2003
[23]Okatan A, SalihA. Micro-controller Based Vehicle Tracking System Via Use of GPS and GSM[C]. Recent Advances in Space Technologies,2003. International Conference on. Proceedings of,20-22Nov.2003:605-609.
[24]BingZhong, Analysis of Dynamic test of GPS Attitude determination[C]. The Fifth Conference for International Ship and Electrical Technology, Shanghai.2003:270-275
[25]Sterzbach Bernhard, Halang Wolfgang.A Mobile Vehicle on-board Computing and Communication System[C]. Computers&Graphics.1996,20(5):659-667
[26]P.GMattos, Integrated GPS and Dead Reckoning for Low-cost Vehicle Navigation and tracking[C]. Proceedings of Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference. 2004:569-574
[27]张庆全.基于GPS/GIS车辆监控系统的设计与实现[D].哈尔滨理工大学硕士论文,2007：7-9
[28]钟海丽,童瑞华,李军,陈宏盛.GPS定位与地图匹配方法研究[J].小型微型计算机系统,2003：109～113
[29]Joseph Schtmuller, UML基础、案例与应用[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2006：61-62
[30]Yu-Weihuang, Shun-Chien, GPRS-Based Embedded Remote Power Mangement System[C]. IEEE Sensors for Industry Conference.2005:105-106
[31]Lin C E, Chih-Ching Li, A Real Time GPRS Surveillance System Using the Embedded System[C]. Industrial Electronics Society,2003. The 29th Annual Conference of the IEEE, 2-6 Nov.2003:1228-1234
[32]潘爱民.COM原理与应用[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2008：9
[33]颜辉武,吴小芳,祝国瑞.VC++环境下基于MapX控件的GIS应用软件的开发[J].昆明理工大学学报,2001：12～17
[34]俞侃,卢俊波等.GIS应用软件模式分析[J].计算机与数字工程,2005,33(3)：25～27
[35]安海雄.基于MapX的车辆监控系统研究[D].武汉理工大学硕士论文,2008：31～33
[36]Kaplan, Elliott D.ed.Understanding GPS Principles and Applications[M]. Artech House Publishers,2005
[37]Jules Mcneff, Leadership in Satellite Navigation and Timing.Past Success-future Challenge[J]. GPS World. Oct./Nov.1999
[38]李天文.GPS原理及应用[M].北京：科学出版社,2003：63～73
[39]Garmin International.Garmin Proprietary NMEA 0183 Sentence TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS[EB/OL]. http://www8.garmin.com/support/pdf/NMEA_0183.2006
[40]周明刚等.用AT指令实现的用电欠费短信通知系统[J].现代计算机,2009,186～188
[41]C.Peersman.S.Cvetkovic,P.et.al.Griffiths.The Global System for Mobile Communications Short Message Service[J]. IEEE Personal Communications.2000, 7(3):15-23
[42]刘书智,李琳娜.Visual C++实践与提高——串口通信与工程应用篇[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,2009：35～42
[43]李雪瑞等.基于MapX的道路拓扑与最短路径分析[J].地矿测绘,2004,(11)
[44]陈建春.Visual C++开发GIS系统[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2004：1
[45]Codd. A Relational Model for Large Shared Data Banks[J]. Communications of the Association for Computing Machinery,1970,13:377-387
[46]尹旭日,张武军.Visual C++环境下MapX的开发技术[M].北京：冶金工业出版社,2009：8-17
[47]Hakan MARAS, M. Orhan ALTAN. Updating of a Geographic database:An application and design of a geographic information System[C]. ISPR, International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Amsterdam.2000
[2]张其善,吴今培,杨东凯.智能车辆定位导航系统及其应用[M].北京：科学出版社,2002：28～30
[3]Liu Zhiqiang,Cai Ce,Current Situation Analysis of Road Safety in China[J]. Journal of Highway and traffic Science,2001,01(04):18-21
[4]Song Gao,Ismail Chabini.Optimal routing policy problems in stochastic time-dependent network.Framework and taxonomy[C]. The IEEE 5th International Conference on. Bejing. 2002:93-95
[5]JieDu, Matthew J, Barth.Next-Generation Automated Vehicle Location Systems: Positioning at the Lane Level[J]. IEEE Transaction on Intelligent TransPortation Systems,2008,9(1):48-57
[6]Shuming T ang,, Fei-Yue Wang.Development and Research of Intelligent TransPortation Systems in China's Tenth Five-Year plan[C]. Proeeedings of the 2006 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference,Toronto, Canada, Septembdr,2006.377-382
[7]蔡文沁.我国智能交通系统发展的战略构想[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2003,(1)：16～22
[8]李卫平.智能交通技术应用[M],北京：人民交通出版社,2006,03：1～13
[9]吴冰.基于GPS+GSM的车辆监控系统的研究[D].哈尔滨工程大学硕士论文,2005：4～7
[10]张海,范耀祖.无线通信技术在ITS中的应用[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,2006.05,10～121
[11]华清远见嵌入式培训中心.嵌入式Linux C语言应用程序设计[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2007：1～92,261～269
[12]陈卓.基于GPS和GPRS的追踪系统研究[D].哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文,2009：19～20
[13]贾智平,张瑞华.嵌入式系统原理与接口技术[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2007：23
[14]周立功等.ARM嵌入式系统基础教程[M].北京：北京航天航空大学出版社,2005：1-41
[15]Philips Semiconductors, LPC2210 16/32-bit ARM microcontroller[P]. Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.,2004.02,1-3
[16]张海藩.软件工程导论[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2008：225-239
[17]文志成. Motorola Engineering Institute, GPRS (?)网络技术[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2005.06,202～207
[18]John Hofman, GPRS Demystified[M]. Boston:McGraw-Hill Inc,2003
[19]Chin E.Lin.A Real Time Remote Control Architecture Using Mobile Communication[C]. Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference,2002
[20]Maplnfo Corporation.MapX User Guide[M]. New York,2003
[21]Jean J.Labrosse, uc/os-II--源码分开的实时嵌入式操作系统[M].邵贝贝.北京：中国电力出版社,2001：186～187
[22]王田苗.嵌入式系统设计与实例开发——基于ARM微处理器与μC/OS-II实时操作系统(第2版)[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2003
[23]Okatan A, SalihA. Micro-controller Based Vehicle Tracking System Via Use of GPS and GSM[C]. Recent Advances in Space Technologies,2003. International Conference on. Proceedings of,20-22Nov.2003:605-609.
[24]BingZhong, Analysis of Dynamic test of GPS Attitude determination[C]. The Fifth Conference for International Ship and Electrical Technology, Shanghai.2003:270-275
[25]Sterzbach Bernhard, Halang Wolfgang.A Mobile Vehicle on-board Computing and Communication System[C]. Computers&Graphics.1996,20(5):659-667
[26]P.GMattos, Integrated GPS and Dead Reckoning for Low-cost Vehicle Navigation and tracking[C]. Proceedings of Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference. 2004:569-574
[27]张庆全.基于GPS/GIS车辆监控系统的设计与实现[D].哈尔滨理工大学硕士论文,2007：7-9
[28]钟海丽,童瑞华,李军,陈宏盛.GPS定位与地图匹配方法研究[J].小型微型计算机系统,2003：109～113
[29]Joseph Schtmuller, UML基础、案例与应用[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2006：61-62
[30]Yu-Weihuang, Shun-Chien, GPRS-Based Embedded Remote Power Mangement System[C]. IEEE Sensors for Industry Conference.2005:105-106
[31]Lin C E, Chih-Ching Li, A Real Time GPRS Surveillance System Using the Embedded System[C]. Industrial Electronics Society,2003. The 29th Annual Conference of the IEEE, 2-6 Nov.2003:1228-1234
[32]潘爱民.COM原理与应用[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2008：9
[33]颜辉武,吴小芳,祝国瑞.VC++环境下基于MapX控件的GIS应用软件的开发[J].昆明理工大学学报,2001：12～17
[34]俞侃,卢俊波等.GIS应用软件模式分析[J].计算机与数字工程,2005,33(3)：25～27
[35]安海雄.基于MapX的车辆监控系统研究[D].武汉理工大学硕士论文,2008：31～33
[36]Kaplan, Elliott D.ed.Understanding GPS Principles and Applications[M]. Artech House Publishers,2005
[37]Jules Mcneff, Leadership in Satellite Navigation and Timing.Past Success-future Challenge[J]. GPS World. Oct./Nov.1999
[38]李天文.GPS原理及应用[M].北京：科学出版社,2003：63～73
[39]Garmin International.Garmin Proprietary NMEA 0183 Sentence TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS[EB/OL]. http://www8.garmin.com/support/pdf/NMEA_0183.2006
[40]周明刚等.用AT指令实现的用电欠费短信通知系统[J].现代计算机,2009,186～188
[41]C.Peersman.S.Cvetkovic,P.et.al.Griffiths.The Global System for Mobile Communications Short Message Service[J]. IEEE Personal Communications.2000, 7(3):15-23
[42]刘书智,李琳娜.Visual C++实践与提高——串口通信与工程应用篇[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,2009：35～42
[43]李雪瑞等.基于MapX的道路拓扑与最短路径分析[J].地矿测绘,2004,(11)
[44]陈建春.Visual C++开发GIS系统[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2004：1
[45]Codd. A Relational Model for Large Shared Data Banks[J]. Communications of the Association for Computing Machinery,1970,13:377-387
[46]尹旭日,张武军.Visual C++环境下MapX的开发技术[M].北京：冶金工业出版社,2009：8-17
[47]Hakan MARAS, M. Orhan ALTAN. Updating of a Geographic database:An application and design of a geographic information System[C]. ISPR, International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Amsterdam.2000