唇形密封圈润滑性能及对转子动力学性能影响研究
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摘要
唇形密封圈是机械设备中的重要元件,其密封性能的好坏直接影响到机械设备的使用效果和使用寿命。在正常工作时,唇形密封圈的密封唇和轴之间通常会形成一层很薄的流体动压油膜。以往关于唇形密封圈流体动压润滑的研究中,很少有考虑两接触表面的微观随机形貌,在分析流体动压时没有考虑橡胶密封唇口表面微凸体的初始弹性变形以及转动过程的形貌随机变化,在数值计算研究中没有考虑过盈量对密封圈润滑和泄漏性能的影响。此外,也未见有人研究唇形密封圈对转子系统振动性能的影响。针对这些问题,本文以唇形密封圈为研究对象展开研究,采用数值模拟和试验研究相结合的方法,深入研究了唇形密封圈的润滑性能和密封性能,研究了唇形密封圈对转子动力学性能的影响。
本文的主要研究内容和取得的成果包括：采用基于AR模型的二维数字滤波技术和基于随机过程和时间序列模型的粗糙表面计算机模拟方法,构造了粗糙表面的指数自相关函数,模拟出密封唇和轴表面的三维随机粗糙表面；建立了密封圈和轴过盈接触的有限元模型,计算出密封唇的径向变形系数矩阵和切向变形矩阵；提出并构建了一种能够同时考虑密封唇和轴表面微观形貌、密封唇过盈量、密封唇的弹性变形等因素的流体动压润滑性能的数值模拟计算方法。对唇形密封圈进行了数值模拟研究,计算并分析了不同初始过盈量下流体润滑性能的变化规律；建立了一种能够同时考虑唇口过盈量、密封压力以及密封区域宽度方向各截面润滑油流量波动等因素的唇形密封圈泄漏率的数值模拟计算方法；建立了能够对轴的安装偏心量和密封圈初装间隙对密封圈性能影响进行计算的方法,分析了不同过盈量、密封压力和安装偏心量下唇形密封圈的润滑、密封性能；在考虑密封圈和轴的表面形貌变化、安装过盈量、密封圈和轴接触位置、接触角度、接触宽度变化、以及温度对润滑油粘度影响的前提下,应用Reynolds方程和“全局热平衡法”,构建了唇形密封圈热流体动力润滑数值模拟计算方法,计算研究了不同转速和不同初始过盈量下唇形密封圈油膜厚度、油膜压力、摩擦力、发热量、温度、泄漏率等一系列参数的变化规律；采用传递矩阵法构建了“轴承-转子-密封”系统的动力学模型,计算了“轴承-转子-密封”系统弯曲振动的固有频率、阻尼衰减因子和模态振型,并分析了叶轮和带轮的偏心不平衡量对系统不平衡响应振幅的影响。通过对“轴承-转子-密封”系统和“轴承-转子”系统的振动性能的比较,分析了唇形密封圈对转子动力学性能的影响；试验研究了不同过盈量对密封系统的温升、密封圈与轴接触面间摩擦力等性能参数的影响规律,并将试验所测得的数据与理论计算结果进行比较,在一定程度上证明了本文数值模拟研究成果的可靠性。
本文的研究内容和取得的成果将可以为唇形密封圈性能的进一步研究以及在工业中的实际应用提供重要的理论支撑。
The sealing performance of lip seal, which is an important element of machinery, is directly related to the service behavior and service life of machinery. With shaft rotating, a lubricant film between the seal and the shaft will be generated to ensure proper sealing. In the past, the random microscopic topography of both lip seal and shaft surface was not considered in most researches on hydrodynamic lubrication of lip seal. The initial elastic deformation and the randomly varied topography of lip surface when working were usually ignored in most hydrodynamic analysis. The relationship between different interference of sealing lip and lubrication and sealing performance were not studied in previous numerical researches. Moreover, the action of lip seal on the vibration performance of rotor system was not studied yet. According to above disadvantages, numerical simulation and experimental research are both carried out to study the lubrication and sealing performance of lip seal, as well as the influences of lip seal on the vibration performance of rotor system.
The research and achievement of this dissertation include following aspects. The index autocorrelation function of rough surface is constructed by applying two-dimensional digital filtering technology based on AR model and computer simulation method of rough surface based on random process and time series model, the3D topography of sealing lip and shaft surface are simulated. The FEA model of the interference contact between sealing lip and shaft is established to calculate the radial deformation coefficient matrix and circumferential deformation coefficient matrix of lip seal. A numerical simulation method is proposed, in which the topography of sealing lip and shaft surface, the interference and elastic deformation of sealing lip are all considered. The numerical simulation research is conducted on the lip seal, the relation between lubrication performance and initial interference are analyzed. A numerical simulation method on leakage rate of lip seal is constructed with considering such aspect as interference, sealed pressure and flow fluctuation of each section on width direction of sealing zone. The method of analyzing the influence of shaft eccentricity on sealing performance of lip seal is established, and the sealing performance of lip seal with different interference, different sealed pressure and different shaft eccentricity is studied. A numerical simulation method on the thermoelastohydrodynamic radial lip seal behavior is proposed by applying Reynolds equation and "Global heat balance", in which the topography of sealing lip and shaft surface, interference, contact position, contact angle and contact width are considered. The relationship between rotation speed, interference and such lubrication parameters as film thickness, film pressure, friction force, heat dissipation, temperature, leakage rate is calculated and studied. The dynamic model of bearing-rotor-sealing system is established by applying transfer matrix method. The natural frequency, attenuation coefficients and modal shape of bearing-rotor-sealing system's vibration are calculated and analyzed, as well as the influences of eccentric of impeller and belt wheel on the unbalance response amplitude of the system. The effect of lip seal on the vibration performance of the system is studied by the comparison between bearing-rotor-sealing system and bearing-rotor system. The relation between interference and temperature increment of sealing system, friction force of sealing zone are also studied by experiment. Through the comparison of numerical calculation results and experimental results, the reliability of numerical simulation done in this dissertation is certified to some extent.
The research and achievement of this dissertation can provide important theoretical foundation for the further study on lip seal performance and its application in industry.
本文的主要研究内容和取得的成果包括：采用基于AR模型的二维数字滤波技术和基于随机过程和时间序列模型的粗糙表面计算机模拟方法,构造了粗糙表面的指数自相关函数,模拟出密封唇和轴表面的三维随机粗糙表面；建立了密封圈和轴过盈接触的有限元模型,计算出密封唇的径向变形系数矩阵和切向变形矩阵；提出并构建了一种能够同时考虑密封唇和轴表面微观形貌、密封唇过盈量、密封唇的弹性变形等因素的流体动压润滑性能的数值模拟计算方法。对唇形密封圈进行了数值模拟研究,计算并分析了不同初始过盈量下流体润滑性能的变化规律；建立了一种能够同时考虑唇口过盈量、密封压力以及密封区域宽度方向各截面润滑油流量波动等因素的唇形密封圈泄漏率的数值模拟计算方法；建立了能够对轴的安装偏心量和密封圈初装间隙对密封圈性能影响进行计算的方法,分析了不同过盈量、密封压力和安装偏心量下唇形密封圈的润滑、密封性能；在考虑密封圈和轴的表面形貌变化、安装过盈量、密封圈和轴接触位置、接触角度、接触宽度变化、以及温度对润滑油粘度影响的前提下,应用Reynolds方程和“全局热平衡法”,构建了唇形密封圈热流体动力润滑数值模拟计算方法,计算研究了不同转速和不同初始过盈量下唇形密封圈油膜厚度、油膜压力、摩擦力、发热量、温度、泄漏率等一系列参数的变化规律；采用传递矩阵法构建了“轴承-转子-密封”系统的动力学模型,计算了“轴承-转子-密封”系统弯曲振动的固有频率、阻尼衰减因子和模态振型,并分析了叶轮和带轮的偏心不平衡量对系统不平衡响应振幅的影响。通过对“轴承-转子-密封”系统和“轴承-转子”系统的振动性能的比较,分析了唇形密封圈对转子动力学性能的影响；试验研究了不同过盈量对密封系统的温升、密封圈与轴接触面间摩擦力等性能参数的影响规律,并将试验所测得的数据与理论计算结果进行比较,在一定程度上证明了本文数值模拟研究成果的可靠性。
本文的研究内容和取得的成果将可以为唇形密封圈性能的进一步研究以及在工业中的实际应用提供重要的理论支撑。
The sealing performance of lip seal, which is an important element of machinery, is directly related to the service behavior and service life of machinery. With shaft rotating, a lubricant film between the seal and the shaft will be generated to ensure proper sealing. In the past, the random microscopic topography of both lip seal and shaft surface was not considered in most researches on hydrodynamic lubrication of lip seal. The initial elastic deformation and the randomly varied topography of lip surface when working were usually ignored in most hydrodynamic analysis. The relationship between different interference of sealing lip and lubrication and sealing performance were not studied in previous numerical researches. Moreover, the action of lip seal on the vibration performance of rotor system was not studied yet. According to above disadvantages, numerical simulation and experimental research are both carried out to study the lubrication and sealing performance of lip seal, as well as the influences of lip seal on the vibration performance of rotor system.
The research and achievement of this dissertation include following aspects. The index autocorrelation function of rough surface is constructed by applying two-dimensional digital filtering technology based on AR model and computer simulation method of rough surface based on random process and time series model, the3D topography of sealing lip and shaft surface are simulated. The FEA model of the interference contact between sealing lip and shaft is established to calculate the radial deformation coefficient matrix and circumferential deformation coefficient matrix of lip seal. A numerical simulation method is proposed, in which the topography of sealing lip and shaft surface, the interference and elastic deformation of sealing lip are all considered. The numerical simulation research is conducted on the lip seal, the relation between lubrication performance and initial interference are analyzed. A numerical simulation method on leakage rate of lip seal is constructed with considering such aspect as interference, sealed pressure and flow fluctuation of each section on width direction of sealing zone. The method of analyzing the influence of shaft eccentricity on sealing performance of lip seal is established, and the sealing performance of lip seal with different interference, different sealed pressure and different shaft eccentricity is studied. A numerical simulation method on the thermoelastohydrodynamic radial lip seal behavior is proposed by applying Reynolds equation and "Global heat balance", in which the topography of sealing lip and shaft surface, interference, contact position, contact angle and contact width are considered. The relationship between rotation speed, interference and such lubrication parameters as film thickness, film pressure, friction force, heat dissipation, temperature, leakage rate is calculated and studied. The dynamic model of bearing-rotor-sealing system is established by applying transfer matrix method. The natural frequency, attenuation coefficients and modal shape of bearing-rotor-sealing system's vibration are calculated and analyzed, as well as the influences of eccentric of impeller and belt wheel on the unbalance response amplitude of the system. The effect of lip seal on the vibration performance of the system is studied by the comparison between bearing-rotor-sealing system and bearing-rotor system. The relation between interference and temperature increment of sealing system, friction force of sealing zone are also studied by experiment. Through the comparison of numerical calculation results and experimental results, the reliability of numerical simulation done in this dissertation is certified to some extent.
The research and achievement of this dissertation can provide important theoretical foundation for the further study on lip seal performance and its application in industry.
引文
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