配电网单相接地故障选线及定位方法研究
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摘要
近年来,随着电缆应用成本的下降和城市电网改造及城市美化工程的需要,电缆使用量大大增加,导致配电网的电缆线总长度增长,配电网的分布电容和分布电导将迅速增加,接地容性电流会大大超过运行规程规定值,需要采用中性点经消弧线圈接地的运行方式来提高系统供电的可靠性。本文分析了配电网单相接地故障选线及定位方法的研究现状,并结合配电网的新特征,利用MATLAB/Simulink仿真工具搭建了具有电缆线路,架空线,电缆-架空线混合线路的中性点经消弧线圈接地的多分支辐射网模型。
在多分支辐射网仿真模型的基础上,进行了大量仿真试验,讨论了配电网中电缆的特性,消弧线圈的补偿特性,线路行波的电磁耦合特性,及故障合闸角和过渡电阻对故障行波的影响,由此,为配电网单相接地故障选线及定位方法的提出奠定了基础。
深入分析了配电网发生单相接地故障时故障线路与健全线路在电气特征上的差别,利用数学形态学构造了峰谷检测器,并针对故障线路与健全线路的峰谷特性差别实现了故障选线。该形态峰谷检测方法不仅适用于零序电流选线,并且对只安装A、C两相电流互感器的情况也能实现正确选线。
在实现故障选线的基础上,针对故障线路,为了更快的排除故障需要确定精确的故障位置,本文在分析了测量端信号频谱与故障位置关系的基础上,提出了利用S变换提取信号频谱并通过神经网络实现故障定位的方法；同时,本文还分析了故障行波特性与故障位置的对应关系,并在此基础上提出了利用首波头Lipischitz指数β和前三个波头时差的配电网单相接地故障智能测距方法。
With the proportion of power cable in urban areas power grids increasing quickly, resulting in the distribution network distributed capacitance and conductance increase quickly, ground capacitive current of distribution network is increasing gradually, so that fault current increases when single-phase ground fault occurs, the compensating method of neutral point grounding through Arc-Suppression Coil is commonly used in our country. The paper analyzes some methods have been proposed for fault line detection and location of distribution systems, considering the new features, a Neutral point grounding via Arc-Suppression Coil of multi-branch simulation model was constructed with MATLAB/simulink tool, which have cable lines, overhead lines and cable-overhead lines.
A large number of simulation experiments conducted based on multi-branch network simulation model. The characteristics of the cable in distribution network, the compensation characteristics of arc suppression coil, traveling wave of electromagnetic coupling characteristics, and different fault closing angles and transition resistances affect fault traveling wave have been discussed. Laid the foundation for the methods of fault line selection and location have been proposed. The mathematical morphology Top-Bottom detection method is applicable not only zero sequence current line selection but also A, C two-phase current to achieve the correct alignment.
In the realization of fault line selection, based on the fault line, in order to faster troubleshooting need to determine the exact fault location, based on the the relationship between signal spectrum and fault location the use of S-transform through the neural network method for fault location is proposed. The paper also analyzes the fault location and fault lines wave the corresponding relationship, and on this basis proposed a fault location method by the first wave of Lipischitz indexβand the first three waves tip difference.
在多分支辐射网仿真模型的基础上,进行了大量仿真试验,讨论了配电网中电缆的特性,消弧线圈的补偿特性,线路行波的电磁耦合特性,及故障合闸角和过渡电阻对故障行波的影响,由此,为配电网单相接地故障选线及定位方法的提出奠定了基础。
深入分析了配电网发生单相接地故障时故障线路与健全线路在电气特征上的差别,利用数学形态学构造了峰谷检测器,并针对故障线路与健全线路的峰谷特性差别实现了故障选线。该形态峰谷检测方法不仅适用于零序电流选线,并且对只安装A、C两相电流互感器的情况也能实现正确选线。
在实现故障选线的基础上,针对故障线路,为了更快的排除故障需要确定精确的故障位置,本文在分析了测量端信号频谱与故障位置关系的基础上,提出了利用S变换提取信号频谱并通过神经网络实现故障定位的方法；同时,本文还分析了故障行波特性与故障位置的对应关系,并在此基础上提出了利用首波头Lipischitz指数β和前三个波头时差的配电网单相接地故障智能测距方法。
With the proportion of power cable in urban areas power grids increasing quickly, resulting in the distribution network distributed capacitance and conductance increase quickly, ground capacitive current of distribution network is increasing gradually, so that fault current increases when single-phase ground fault occurs, the compensating method of neutral point grounding through Arc-Suppression Coil is commonly used in our country. The paper analyzes some methods have been proposed for fault line detection and location of distribution systems, considering the new features, a Neutral point grounding via Arc-Suppression Coil of multi-branch simulation model was constructed with MATLAB/simulink tool, which have cable lines, overhead lines and cable-overhead lines.
A large number of simulation experiments conducted based on multi-branch network simulation model. The characteristics of the cable in distribution network, the compensation characteristics of arc suppression coil, traveling wave of electromagnetic coupling characteristics, and different fault closing angles and transition resistances affect fault traveling wave have been discussed. Laid the foundation for the methods of fault line selection and location have been proposed. The mathematical morphology Top-Bottom detection method is applicable not only zero sequence current line selection but also A, C two-phase current to achieve the correct alignment.
In the realization of fault line selection, based on the fault line, in order to faster troubleshooting need to determine the exact fault location, based on the the relationship between signal spectrum and fault location the use of S-transform through the neural network method for fault location is proposed. The paper also analyzes the fault location and fault lines wave the corresponding relationship, and on this basis proposed a fault location method by the first wave of Lipischitz indexβand the first three waves tip difference.
引文
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[2]张慧芬.配电网单相接地故障检测技术研究[D].山东大学博士学位论文,2006.
[3]肖成刚.高压电力电缆——架空混联线路接地保护方案探讨[D].上海交通大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[4]曲轶龙.全补偿消弧线圈及其控制方法的研究[D].华北电力大学博士学位论文,2008.
[5]江渝.快速可连续调节消弧线圈谐振接地系统的研究[D].重庆大学博士学位论文,2005.
[6]刘和平.新型快速可调消弧线圈接地系统研究[D].重庆大学博士学位论文,2004.
[7]胡毅.输电线路运行故障分析与防治[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2007.
[8]张纬钹,何金良,高玉明.过电压防护及绝缘配合[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2002.
[9]徐丙垠,李京,陈平,等.现代行波测距技术及其应用[J].电力系统自动化,2001,25(23)：62-65.
[10]陈平,牛燕雄,徐丙垠,等.现代行波故障测距系统的研制[J].电力系统动化,2003,27(12)：81-85.
[11]董新洲,葛耀中.利用暂态电流行波的输电线路故障测距研究[J].中国电机工程学报,1999,19(4)：76-80.
[12]覃剑,葛维春,邱金辉,等.输电线路单端行波测距法和双端行波测距法的对比[J].电力系统自动化,2006,30(6)：92-95.
[13]董新洲,刘建政,余学文.输电线路暂态电压行波的故障特征及其小波分析[J].电工技术学报,2001,16(3)：57-61,74.
[14]于庆广,胥埴伦.电力系统的电磁暂态与机电暂态混合仿真[J].中国电力,2007,40(11)：38-41.
[15]施围,郭洁.电力系统过电压数值计算(第二版)[M].北京：科学出版社,2006.
[16]Neville Watson, Jos Arrillaga. Power Systems Electromagnetic Transients Simulation[M]. Published by The Institution of Engineering and Technology, London, United Kingdom.2003.
[17]柳勇军.电力系统机电暂态和电磁暂态混合仿真技术的研究[D].清华大学博士学位论文,2006.
[18]陈崇源,孙亲锡,颜秋容.高等电路[M].武汉：武汉大学出版社,2003.
[19]朱钟霖,周宝珀.信号与线性系统分析[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,1986.
[20]吴维韩,张芳榴.电力系统过电压数值计算[M].北京：科学出版社,1989.
[21]司大军,陈学允,束洪春.复杂电力系统电磁暂态数字计算关键技术研究[J].电工技术学报,2003,18(、2)：100-104,86.
[22]葛耀中.新型继电保护和故障测距的原理与技术(第2版)[M].西安：西安交通大学出版社,2007.
[23]张杰.基于数学形态学的故障行波测距方法研究[D].昆明理工大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[24]宋云东.电缆网运行方式及故障控制的研究[D].沈阳工业大学博士学位论文,2010.
[25]陈崇源,颜秋容.电路理论-端口网络与均匀传输线[M].武汉：华中理工大学出版社,1997.
[26]严凤.中性点非有效接地系统单相接地行波定位方法的研究[D].华北电力大学博士学位论文,2003.
[27]齐郑.小电流接地系统单相接地故障选线及定位技术的研究[D].华北电力大学博士学位论文,2005.
[28]董凯达.小电流接地系统单相接地故障测距方法的研究[D].天津大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[29]张帆.基于单端暂态行波的接地故障测距与保护研究[D].山东大学博士学位论文,2008.
[30]苗友忠.配电系统馈线整体化暂态保护与分布智能故障定位的研究[D].天津大学博士学位论文,2004.
[31]覃光华.人工神经网络技术及其应用[D].四川大学博士学位论文,2003.
[32]王耀南,霍百林,王辉,等.基于小波包的小电流接地系统故障选线的新判据[J].中国电机工程学报,2004,24(6)：54-58.
[33]毛鹏,段玉倩,姜娜.基于相关分析的故障选线方法[J].电网技术,2004,28(2)：36-39.
[34]束洪春,肖白.配电网单相电弧接地故障选线暂态分析法[J].电力系统自动化,2002,26(21)：58-61.
[35]Y. Harmand, M. Ciement, PhJuston. Neutral Grounding of MV Rural Networks——The French Solution[J]. CIRED Session 1, pp.4-14. Argentina 2-5 December,1996.
[36]Shi Minghe, etc. A New Type Feeder Earth Fault Protection for MV Distribution System[J], 2.09 CIRED.1991.
[37]赵慧梅,张保会,段建东,等.一种自适应捕捉特征频带的配电网单相接地故障选线新方案[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(2)：41-46.
[38]徐亮,束洪春.谐振接地系统单相接地故障的MATLAB仿真[J].云南电力技术,2006,34(3)：8-10.
[39]赵兴兵.非有效接地系统铁磁谐振分析与故障选线研究[D].昆明理工大学硕士学位论文,2008.
[40]余运俊.基于数学形态学和小波变换的大型企业电网谐振故障诊断[D].南昌大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[41]郝卫华.基于数学形态学的铁路电力线路故障诊断新方法[D].北京交通大学硕士学位论文,2007.
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