上市公司治理结构对盈余管理的影响研究
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摘要
近年来,随着市场经济的发展,上市公司粉饰财务报表、操纵利润的行为时有发生,盈余管理问题也逐渐出现,成为我国会计学术界关注的焦点之一。作为会计信息的盈余信息,是投资者决策的重要参考指标,对资本市场的健康发展有着重大的影响。盈余管理是基于利益相关者之间的信息不对称的背景下产生的,而治理结构是调节利益相关者之间的一种机制。因此,公司治理结构对盈余管理有着重要的影响,研究治理结构对盈余管理的影响具有重要的意义。
     本文首先介绍了上市公司治理结构与盈余管理的相关理论,阐述了盈余管理的含义,盈余管理的动机,盈余管理的手段,公司治理结构的含义和基本框架、公司治理结构的本质和特征,从理论的角度分析了外部治理结构和内部治理结构对盈余管理的影响。然后,结合我国的实际情况,选取了2009年制造业的300家上市公司作为研究样本,从实证角度分析上市公司治理结构对盈余管理的影响。在实证分析中,首先利用截面的扩展Jones模型测度出了盈余管理的程度,作为实证分析的被解释变量,然后从股权结构特征、董事会特征、监事会特征、管理层特征四个方面选取了内部治理结构的指标,作为实证分析的解释变量,并选取了公司规模和资产负债率两个控制变量,建立多元线性回归模型。同时在此基础上提出研究假设,运用描述性统计、多元线性回归等方法验证提出的假设。
     研究结果发现:第一大股东持股比例与盈余管理程度正相关,国家股比例与盈余管理程度正相关,法人股比例与盈余管理程度不相关,董事会规模与盈余管理不存在显著的相关关系,董事会会议次数与盈余管理负相关,独立董事比例与盈余管理程度负相关,监事会规模和监事持股比例与盈余管理程度不存在显著的关系,说明监事会的作用没有发挥出来。董事长和总经理两职分离,对盈余管理行为的抑制发挥了很好的作用。控制变量资产规模和资产负债率与盈余管理程度正相关。最后,根据实证研究得出的结论提出了一些有针对性的建议,以进一步完善公司治理结构,减少盈余管理行为的产生,促进资本市场的健康发展。
In recent years, with the development of market economy, the listed company whitewash financial statements, operation profit behavior occurs frequently, and earnings management also appear gradually, become the focus of attention of the academic circles in China one of accounting. As an accounting information, it is the important for investors to decide whether enter to capital market, and had a significant impact. on the healthy development of the capital market. Based on the asymmetry information between stakeholder earnings management occur, and governance structure among stakeholders is to adjust a mechanism. Therefore, corporate governance structure has important effect on earnings management, research on the governance structure of earnings management influence has the vital significance.
     This paper first introduced the theory of governance structure and earnings management, expounds the concept of earnings management, earnings management motivation, the means of earnings management, Corporate governance structure of the meaning and the basic framework, essence and characteristics of corporate governance structure, research on external governance structure and internal governance structure on the influence of earnings management from the perspective of the theory.Then, combined with the actual conditions of our country, select 2009 manufacturing 300 listed companies as the sample, analyze the listed company governance structure on the influence of earnings management. Firstly using section extension Jones model of earnings management measure of a degree as ]explained variables,then selected the internal governance index from the ownership structure characteristics, the board of directors characteristics, the board of supervisors characteristics, as explained variables, and selected two control variables including the company size and asset-liability ratio, build multivariate linear regression model. And propose the research hypotheses, by using descriptive statistics, multiple linear regression method validation proposed such assumptions.
     At last, the thesis draws some conclusion by empirical study. Share ratio of the largest shareholder and positively related to the degree of earnings management, the ratio of the state shares and earnings management degree is a positive correlation, there is not correlation between the ratio of legal share and earnings management, the size of the board and earnings management have no significant correlation, the board meeting times and earnings management negatively correlated, the proportion of the independent directors and earnings management degree negatively correlated,the board of supervisors scale and supervisors shareholding and earnings management has not significant relationship, so the role of board of supervisors doesn't play out. The chairman and general manager two hats separation, the level of earnings management is low. Asset scale, asset-liability ratio and positively related to the degree of earnings management. At last, according to the empirical research conclusions propose some targeted suggestions, In order to improve corporate governance structure,reduce earnings management, to promote the healthy development of the capital market.
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