基于集成制造系统模式的机械化农业生产系统的研究
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摘要
建立科学合理的机械化农业生产系统是农业现代化和可持续发展的核心内容。本文分析了国内外机械化农业生产系统,比较了机械化农业生产系统与制造系统,将集成制造系统模式和机械化农业生产系统相结合,提出了一种集成化农业生产系统模式,围绕这一模式展开了较为系统的研究。
集成化农业生产系统是指由农业生产过程所涉及的人力资源、物理资源(包括生产设施设备、材料、能源和各种辅助装置)和软资源(包括农业生产技术和生产信息等)等三个部分组成的一个具有特定功能的有机整体;其特征是将信息技术、生物技术、管理技术和生产技术相结合,应用于农业企业产品生命周期的全过程,通过信息集成、资源集成、功能集成和过程集成,实现农业生产中的物流、信息流、价值流的集成和优化运行,达到农产品质量好(Quality,Q)、成本低(Cost, C)、上市快(Time, T)、服务好(Service, S),以及生产过程资源节约(Resource, R)、环境友好(Environment ,E)等目标,从而综合提高农业生产企业的市场竞争力。
本文建立了集成化农业生产系统的一种体系结构。该体系结构包括功能视图、组织视图、信息视图、资源视图及过程视图等5个视图;包括管理信息分系统、生产技术分系统、生产过程分系统、质量保证分系统、资源物料分系统、环境评估分系统6个功能分系统;还包括计算机网络和数据库/知识库2个支撑分系统以及与外部的信息联系。
提出了一种集成化农业生产系统中农场作物、机器作业工艺和机器设备优化配置的方法。该方法将运筹学、计算机模拟、专家系统中的一些方法合理地组合起来,并借助数据库的支撑,用以设计集成化农业生产系统。
开发了一个泵站改造决策支持系统。该系统支持通过多项单元技术实施资源集成、功能集成和过程集成的机械化灌溉系统(泵站系统)改造的决策。
上述技术和方法在重庆市某农场得到了初步应用,进行了该农场的集成化农业生产系统的总体规划,并实施了一个重点子系统,取得了良好的应用效果。
本文是国家863项目“现代集成制造系统体系结构及其绿色特性研究”(项目编号:863-511-880-007)的组成部分。
Building a scientific and reasonable mechanized agricultural production system is the core of agricultural modernization and sustainable development. In the paper, mechanized agricultural production systems at home and abroad were analyzed, the mechanized agricultural production system and the manufacturing system were compared, and therefore a mode of integrated agricultural production system (IAPS) by a combination of the integrated manufacturing system mode and a mechanized agricultural production system was put forward and into it a systematic research was carried out.
IAPS is an integrated system composed of human resource, physical resource, including facilities and equipment for agricultural production, materials, energy and kinds of assistive equipments, and soft resource, such as agricultural technology and production information involved with agricultural producing process. The system is characterized by applying a combination of information technology, biology technology, management technology and production technology to the whole life circle of products produced in agricultural enterprises, taking means of information integration, resource integration, function integration and process integration, realizing an integration and optimum operation of material flow, information flow and value flow of agricultural production, and making an agricultural enterprise supply its products with high quality and low cost to the market early , provide its customers with good service and ensure producing process resource-saving and environment-friendly so that the competitive power of the enterprises will be promoted.
One kind of architectures of IAPS was constructed in the paper. The architecture includes five views, that is, function view, organization view, information view, resource view and process view, six subsystems, i.e., management information subsystem, production technology subsystem, producing process subsystem, quality assurance subsystem, subsystem of resource and materials and environment evaluation subsystem, two supporting subsystems, namely computer network and database/knowledge base and one information connection with outside.
An algorithm for optimizing match of farm crops, working procedure and machinery in IAPS was proposed in the paper. The algorithm properly integrates some methods in operation research, computer simulation and expert system for designing integrated agricultural producing systems with supports of a database.
A decision supporting system for pumping station renovation was developed for supporting decision to renovate pumping stations when various techniques for resource integration, function integration and process integration are applied to these pumping systems, or mechanized irrigation systems.
A preliminary application of the techniques and methods mentioned above to a farm in Chongqing was performed. A general plan for building an IAPS in the farm was made, an important subsystem of the system was implemented and a good achievement was obtained.
The paper is a part of the national 863 project“Research on architecture and green features of contemporary integrated manufacturing system”(project number: 836-511-880-007).
集成化农业生产系统是指由农业生产过程所涉及的人力资源、物理资源(包括生产设施设备、材料、能源和各种辅助装置)和软资源(包括农业生产技术和生产信息等)等三个部分组成的一个具有特定功能的有机整体;其特征是将信息技术、生物技术、管理技术和生产技术相结合,应用于农业企业产品生命周期的全过程,通过信息集成、资源集成、功能集成和过程集成,实现农业生产中的物流、信息流、价值流的集成和优化运行,达到农产品质量好(Quality,Q)、成本低(Cost, C)、上市快(Time, T)、服务好(Service, S),以及生产过程资源节约(Resource, R)、环境友好(Environment ,E)等目标,从而综合提高农业生产企业的市场竞争力。
本文建立了集成化农业生产系统的一种体系结构。该体系结构包括功能视图、组织视图、信息视图、资源视图及过程视图等5个视图;包括管理信息分系统、生产技术分系统、生产过程分系统、质量保证分系统、资源物料分系统、环境评估分系统6个功能分系统;还包括计算机网络和数据库/知识库2个支撑分系统以及与外部的信息联系。
提出了一种集成化农业生产系统中农场作物、机器作业工艺和机器设备优化配置的方法。该方法将运筹学、计算机模拟、专家系统中的一些方法合理地组合起来,并借助数据库的支撑,用以设计集成化农业生产系统。
开发了一个泵站改造决策支持系统。该系统支持通过多项单元技术实施资源集成、功能集成和过程集成的机械化灌溉系统(泵站系统)改造的决策。
上述技术和方法在重庆市某农场得到了初步应用,进行了该农场的集成化农业生产系统的总体规划,并实施了一个重点子系统,取得了良好的应用效果。
本文是国家863项目“现代集成制造系统体系结构及其绿色特性研究”(项目编号:863-511-880-007)的组成部分。
Building a scientific and reasonable mechanized agricultural production system is the core of agricultural modernization and sustainable development. In the paper, mechanized agricultural production systems at home and abroad were analyzed, the mechanized agricultural production system and the manufacturing system were compared, and therefore a mode of integrated agricultural production system (IAPS) by a combination of the integrated manufacturing system mode and a mechanized agricultural production system was put forward and into it a systematic research was carried out.
IAPS is an integrated system composed of human resource, physical resource, including facilities and equipment for agricultural production, materials, energy and kinds of assistive equipments, and soft resource, such as agricultural technology and production information involved with agricultural producing process. The system is characterized by applying a combination of information technology, biology technology, management technology and production technology to the whole life circle of products produced in agricultural enterprises, taking means of information integration, resource integration, function integration and process integration, realizing an integration and optimum operation of material flow, information flow and value flow of agricultural production, and making an agricultural enterprise supply its products with high quality and low cost to the market early , provide its customers with good service and ensure producing process resource-saving and environment-friendly so that the competitive power of the enterprises will be promoted.
One kind of architectures of IAPS was constructed in the paper. The architecture includes five views, that is, function view, organization view, information view, resource view and process view, six subsystems, i.e., management information subsystem, production technology subsystem, producing process subsystem, quality assurance subsystem, subsystem of resource and materials and environment evaluation subsystem, two supporting subsystems, namely computer network and database/knowledge base and one information connection with outside.
An algorithm for optimizing match of farm crops, working procedure and machinery in IAPS was proposed in the paper. The algorithm properly integrates some methods in operation research, computer simulation and expert system for designing integrated agricultural producing systems with supports of a database.
A decision supporting system for pumping station renovation was developed for supporting decision to renovate pumping stations when various techniques for resource integration, function integration and process integration are applied to these pumping systems, or mechanized irrigation systems.
A preliminary application of the techniques and methods mentioned above to a farm in Chongqing was performed. A general plan for building an IAPS in the farm was made, an important subsystem of the system was implemented and a good achievement was obtained.
The paper is a part of the national 863 project“Research on architecture and green features of contemporary integrated manufacturing system”(project number: 836-511-880-007).
引文
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