大巴山前陆构造带叠加变形研究
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摘要
大巴山构造带位于秦岭造山带南部,一直被认为是华北、扬子板块碰撞带前陆逆冲—推覆构造带。本文研究表明,大巴山构造带依据构造变形样式和地层卷入情况,可划分为大巴山冲断-推覆构造带、大巴山前陆构造带(包括基底拆离构造带和盖层滑脱构造带)和大巴山前陆坳陷带。而大巴山前陆构造带,中生代经历了两次明显的叠加变形过程。其中早期变形发生在中-晚三叠世,与华北、扬子的碰撞密切相关,是碰撞造山带的前陆构造带(D1)。在大巴山弧形构造带西段以轴向近东西向的开阔宽缓的台阶式褶皱为特征。而在大巴山弧形构造带中段和东段,通过大比例尺地质构造填图,解析出来一期轴向北东到北北东向褶皱为主的变形。根据叠加变形序列及变形地层时代限定,变形时代很可能也是中三叠世晚期到早侏罗世。大巴山弧形构造带由轴向弧形延伸的线状褶皱与弧形弯曲的逆冲断层组成(D2),根据北大巴山韧性剪切变形带中的同变形云母定年结果161 Ma左右,大巴山地区在这个时间发生过强烈变形.而秭归侏罗纪盆地的沉积充填过程也显示在中晚侏罗世之间,物源和沉积环境发生明显变化,因此,D2期变形时代被确定为晚侏罗世到早白垩世。由于两期变形明显的叠加关系,不可能是递进变形关系,所以大巴山弧形构造带记录了两期不同系统构造变形的叠加,这对研究秦岭造山带的演化,具有重要的意义。
The Dabashan Structural belt is a part of south Qinling Mountains, which has been regarded as a foreland thrusting belt of the collisional belt of the north and south China plates. According to tectonic deformation style and involved strata, the Dabashan structural belt can divided into Dabashan nappe-thrust belt, Dabashan foreland structural belt (including Basement Detachment Structural belt and Cover rock Decollement Structural belt) and Dabashan foreland depression belt.The results of the researches show that the Dabashan foreland structural belt has gone through strong superimposed deformation during the Mesozoic. The early deformation (D1) was related to the collision between the north and south China plates and is the foreland thrust belt of the Qinling collisional orogen. It occurred about the middle-late Triassic and the early Jurassic. In the western curvilinear structural belt, the deformation of Dl is of the folds with axis of nearly east to west trending. But both in central and in eastern of the belt, the mapping in lager scale shows that the fold axes of D1 are about nearly south to north. Based on the deformation sequence and the age constraints of the deformed strata, the age of the Dl recognised in the central and eastern curvilinear structural belt also is the late Triassic and the early Jurassic. The Dabashan curvilinear structural belt is composed of linear folds with curvilinear fold hinges and some curvilinear thrust faults (D2). Based on the Ar-Ar ages,161 Ma, of biotites from the ductile shearing zones in the north Dabashan thrust belt, the Dabashan structural belt was gone through a strong deformation. On the other hand, the deposition and filling process of Zigui basin show that the provenance and environment of the basin was changed between the middle and late Jurassic. Therefore, the authors believe that the age of D2 is the late Jurassic to the early Cretaceous. Because of the distinct superimposion of the two phases of deformation, it is impossible that they are progressive. So the Dabashan curvilinear structural belt records two phases of deformation which are formed during different tectonic settings. It is very important for the understanding of the evolution of Qinling orogen.
The Dabashan Structural belt is a part of south Qinling Mountains, which has been regarded as a foreland thrusting belt of the collisional belt of the north and south China plates. According to tectonic deformation style and involved strata, the Dabashan structural belt can divided into Dabashan nappe-thrust belt, Dabashan foreland structural belt (including Basement Detachment Structural belt and Cover rock Decollement Structural belt) and Dabashan foreland depression belt.The results of the researches show that the Dabashan foreland structural belt has gone through strong superimposed deformation during the Mesozoic. The early deformation (D1) was related to the collision between the north and south China plates and is the foreland thrust belt of the Qinling collisional orogen. It occurred about the middle-late Triassic and the early Jurassic. In the western curvilinear structural belt, the deformation of Dl is of the folds with axis of nearly east to west trending. But both in central and in eastern of the belt, the mapping in lager scale shows that the fold axes of D1 are about nearly south to north. Based on the deformation sequence and the age constraints of the deformed strata, the age of the Dl recognised in the central and eastern curvilinear structural belt also is the late Triassic and the early Jurassic. The Dabashan curvilinear structural belt is composed of linear folds with curvilinear fold hinges and some curvilinear thrust faults (D2). Based on the Ar-Ar ages,161 Ma, of biotites from the ductile shearing zones in the north Dabashan thrust belt, the Dabashan structural belt was gone through a strong deformation. On the other hand, the deposition and filling process of Zigui basin show that the provenance and environment of the basin was changed between the middle and late Jurassic. Therefore, the authors believe that the age of D2 is the late Jurassic to the early Cretaceous. Because of the distinct superimposion of the two phases of deformation, it is impossible that they are progressive. So the Dabashan curvilinear structural belt records two phases of deformation which are formed during different tectonic settings. It is very important for the understanding of the evolution of Qinling orogen.
引文
Allen P A, Allen J R. Basin Analysis:principles and applications. Oxford:Blackwell Science, 1990.
Decelles P G, Giles K A. Foreland basin systems. Basin Research.1996(8):105-123.
Gilder S, Courtillot V.1997. Timing of the north-south China collision from new middle to late Mesozoic paleomagnetic data from the North China block. Journal of Geophysical Research. 102:17713～17727.
Huang K N, Opdyke N D.1991. Paleomagnetism of Jurassic rocks from southwestern Sichuan and the timing of the closure of the Qinling suture. Tectonophysics,200:299～316.
Jordan T E. Thrust loads and foreland basin evolution,Cretaceous,Western United States. AAPG Bulletin.1981,65(12):2506-2520.
Meng Q R, Wang E, Hu J M. Mesozoic sedimentary evolution of the northwest Sichuan basin: Implication for continued clockwise rotation of the South China block. GSA Bulletin.2005, 117(3-4):396-410.
Meng Q R, Zhang G W. Geologic framework and tectonic evolution of the Qinling orogen, central China. Tectonophysics.2000,323(3-4):183-196.
Ramsay J G, Huber M I.1987.The Techniques of Modern Stuctural Geology (Vol.2), Folds and Fractures, Lodon:Academic Press.
Ricci Lucchi F. The Oligocene to Recent foreland basins of the northern Apennines. In:Allen P A,Homewood P,eds., Foreland bansin. Spec. Publi.Int.Ass.Sediment.1986:105-139.
Wang E, Meng Q, Burchfiel B C, Zhang G.2003. Mesozoic large-scale lateral extrusion, rotation, and uplift of the Tongbai-Dabie Shan in east China. Geology,31:307/310.
Yang Z, Besse J.2001. New Mesozoic apparent polar wander path for South China:tectonic implications. Journal of Geophysical Research.106:8493～8520.
Yin A, Nie S.1993. An indentation model for the North and South China collision and the development of the Tan-Lu and Honam fault system, Eastern Asia. Tectonics,12:801～813.
Zhang G W, Meng Q R, Yu Z P, et al. Orogenesis and dynamics of the Qinling Orogen. Science in China Series D-Earth Sciences.1996,39(3):225-234.
Zhao, X X, Coe R S.1987. Palaeomagnetic constraints on the collision and rotation of North and South China. Nature,327:141～144.
Zheng, Y., Wang, T., Ma, M. et al., Maximum effective moment criterion and the origin of low-angle normal faults. Journal of Structural Geology,2004,26:271～285.
蔡学林,1988.武当山推覆构造模式,成都地质学院学报,4：30～39.
董树文,胡健民,施炜,等.大巴山侏罗纪叠加褶皱与侏罗纪前陆.地球学报.2006(05)：403-410.
董树文,吴宣志,高锐,等.大别山造山带深部地质初探.中国地质.1997(01).
董云鹏,查显峰,付明庆,等.秦岭南缘大巴山褶皱—冲断推覆构造的特征.地质通报.2008,27(9)：1493-1508.
韩应钧,丁玉兰.大巴山南缘中岗岭—黑楼门剪切断裂带识别及其勘探实践中的意义.天然气勘探与开发.2001(01).
韩应钧,丁玉兰.龙门山北段前缘前陆盆地须二段—须三段含油气区带油气地质条件研究.天然气地球科学.2003(06).
何登发,贾承造.冲断构造与汕气聚集.石汕勘探与开发.2005,32(2)：55-62.
何登发,雷振宇,周路.中国中西部前陆冲断带的形成演化与构造样式.石油工业出版社：北京,2002.
何建坤,卢华复,张庆龙,等.南大巴山冲断构造及其剪切挤压动力学机制.高校地质学报.1997(04)：419-428.
何建坤,卢华复,朱斌.东秦岭造山带南缘北大巴山构造反转及其动力学.地质科学.1999(02)：139-153.
胡光灿.四川盆地汕气勘探突破实例分析.海相汕气地质.1997(03).
胡健民,宋子新,郭力宇.1999.湖北武当地块北缘伸展滑脱构造特征.中国区域地质,18(1)：39-45.
黄继钧.纵弯叠加褶皱地区应力场研究-以川东北地区为例.地质科学.2000(02).
贾承造,魏国齐,李本亮,等.中国中西部两期前陆盆地的形成及其控气作用.石油学报.2003(02)：13-17.
江为为,刘伊克,郝天珧,等.四川盆地综合地质、地球物理研究.地球物理学进展.2001,16(1)：11-23.
乐光禹.大巴山造山带及其前陆盆地的构造特征和构造演化.矿物岩石.1998(S1)：8-15.
马永生,郭旭生,郭彤楼,等.四川盆地普光大型气田的发现与勘探启示.地质论评.2005,51(4)：477-480.
施炜,董树文,胡健民,等.大巴山前陆西段叠加构造变形分析及其构造应力场特征.地质学报.2007(10)：1314-1327.
孙肇才.中国中西部中、新生代界前陆类盆地及其含油气性.油气盆地研究新进展学术研讨会.北京：石汕工业出版社,2000：150-174.
汪泽成,邹才能,陶十振,等.大巴山前陆盆地形成及演化与油气勘探潜力分析.石汕学报.2004,25(6)：23-28.
王二七,王刚,樊春,等.板块汇聚带的造山和重力垮塌作用及其力学成因：以雅鲁藏布江-喜马拉雅山汇聚带为例.地学前缘.2006,13(04)：18-26.
王二七,孟庆任.2008.对龙门山中生代和新生代构造演化的讨论.中国科学(D),38(10)：1221-1233.
文华国,郑荣才,叶泰然,等.米仓山-大巴山前陆盆地下沙溪庙组高分辨率层序地层学特征.矿物岩石.2005(01).
吴光红,胡纯心.沔阳—当阳中生代前陆盆地构造特征及汕气勘探.海相油气地质.2004(Z1).
吴世祥,汤良杰,郭彤楼,等.米仓山与大巴山交汇区构造分区与汕气分布.石汕与天然气地质.2005(03)：361-365.
许志琴.扬子板块北缘的大型深层滑脱构造及动力学分析.中国区区域地质.1987(4)：289-300.
张二朋,牛道韫,霍有光,等.1993.秦巴及邻区地质-构造特征概论.北京：地质出版社,291p.
张国伟,程顺有,郭安林,等.秦岭-大别中央造山系南缘勉略古缝合带的再认识——兼论中国大陆主体的拼合.地质通报.2004(Z2)：846-853.
张国伟,董云鹏,赖绍聪,等.秦岭-大别造山带南缘勉略构造带与勉略缝合带.中国科学d辑.2003(12).
张国伟,孟庆任,于在平,等.秦岭造山带的造山过程及其动力学特征.中国科学d辑.1996(03).
张国伟,张本仁,袁学诚,等.秦岭造山带与大陆动力学.北京：科学出版社,2001.
赵玉光,肖林萍.龙门山中生代前陆盆地时间地层格架及其盆地生长的动态模型研究.四川地质学报.1994(03).
郑杰青.宣汉地区普光构造飞仙关气藏成藏特征研究.南方汕气.2004,17(03)：14-17.
Decelles P G, Giles K A. Foreland basin systems. Basin Research.1996(8):105-123.
Gilder S, Courtillot V.1997. Timing of the north-south China collision from new middle to late Mesozoic paleomagnetic data from the North China block. Journal of Geophysical Research. 102:17713～17727.
Huang K N, Opdyke N D.1991. Paleomagnetism of Jurassic rocks from southwestern Sichuan and the timing of the closure of the Qinling suture. Tectonophysics,200:299～316.
Jordan T E. Thrust loads and foreland basin evolution,Cretaceous,Western United States. AAPG Bulletin.1981,65(12):2506-2520.
Meng Q R, Wang E, Hu J M. Mesozoic sedimentary evolution of the northwest Sichuan basin: Implication for continued clockwise rotation of the South China block. GSA Bulletin.2005, 117(3-4):396-410.
Meng Q R, Zhang G W. Geologic framework and tectonic evolution of the Qinling orogen, central China. Tectonophysics.2000,323(3-4):183-196.
Ramsay J G, Huber M I.1987.The Techniques of Modern Stuctural Geology (Vol.2), Folds and Fractures, Lodon:Academic Press.
Ricci Lucchi F. The Oligocene to Recent foreland basins of the northern Apennines. In:Allen P A,Homewood P,eds., Foreland bansin. Spec. Publi.Int.Ass.Sediment.1986:105-139.
Wang E, Meng Q, Burchfiel B C, Zhang G.2003. Mesozoic large-scale lateral extrusion, rotation, and uplift of the Tongbai-Dabie Shan in east China. Geology,31:307/310.
Yang Z, Besse J.2001. New Mesozoic apparent polar wander path for South China:tectonic implications. Journal of Geophysical Research.106:8493～8520.
Yin A, Nie S.1993. An indentation model for the North and South China collision and the development of the Tan-Lu and Honam fault system, Eastern Asia. Tectonics,12:801～813.
Zhang G W, Meng Q R, Yu Z P, et al. Orogenesis and dynamics of the Qinling Orogen. Science in China Series D-Earth Sciences.1996,39(3):225-234.
Zhao, X X, Coe R S.1987. Palaeomagnetic constraints on the collision and rotation of North and South China. Nature,327:141～144.
Zheng, Y., Wang, T., Ma, M. et al., Maximum effective moment criterion and the origin of low-angle normal faults. Journal of Structural Geology,2004,26:271～285.
蔡学林,1988.武当山推覆构造模式,成都地质学院学报,4：30～39.
董树文,胡健民,施炜,等.大巴山侏罗纪叠加褶皱与侏罗纪前陆.地球学报.2006(05)：403-410.
董树文,吴宣志,高锐,等.大别山造山带深部地质初探.中国地质.1997(01).
董云鹏,查显峰,付明庆,等.秦岭南缘大巴山褶皱—冲断推覆构造的特征.地质通报.2008,27(9)：1493-1508.
韩应钧,丁玉兰.大巴山南缘中岗岭—黑楼门剪切断裂带识别及其勘探实践中的意义.天然气勘探与开发.2001(01).
韩应钧,丁玉兰.龙门山北段前缘前陆盆地须二段—须三段含油气区带油气地质条件研究.天然气地球科学.2003(06).
何登发,贾承造.冲断构造与汕气聚集.石汕勘探与开发.2005,32(2)：55-62.
何登发,雷振宇,周路.中国中西部前陆冲断带的形成演化与构造样式.石油工业出版社：北京,2002.
何建坤,卢华复,张庆龙,等.南大巴山冲断构造及其剪切挤压动力学机制.高校地质学报.1997(04)：419-428.
何建坤,卢华复,朱斌.东秦岭造山带南缘北大巴山构造反转及其动力学.地质科学.1999(02)：139-153.
胡光灿.四川盆地汕气勘探突破实例分析.海相汕气地质.1997(03).
胡健民,宋子新,郭力宇.1999.湖北武当地块北缘伸展滑脱构造特征.中国区域地质,18(1)：39-45.
黄继钧.纵弯叠加褶皱地区应力场研究-以川东北地区为例.地质科学.2000(02).
贾承造,魏国齐,李本亮,等.中国中西部两期前陆盆地的形成及其控气作用.石油学报.2003(02)：13-17.
江为为,刘伊克,郝天珧,等.四川盆地综合地质、地球物理研究.地球物理学进展.2001,16(1)：11-23.
乐光禹.大巴山造山带及其前陆盆地的构造特征和构造演化.矿物岩石.1998(S1)：8-15.
马永生,郭旭生,郭彤楼,等.四川盆地普光大型气田的发现与勘探启示.地质论评.2005,51(4)：477-480.
施炜,董树文,胡健民,等.大巴山前陆西段叠加构造变形分析及其构造应力场特征.地质学报.2007(10)：1314-1327.
孙肇才.中国中西部中、新生代界前陆类盆地及其含油气性.油气盆地研究新进展学术研讨会.北京：石汕工业出版社,2000：150-174.
汪泽成,邹才能,陶十振,等.大巴山前陆盆地形成及演化与油气勘探潜力分析.石汕学报.2004,25(6)：23-28.
王二七,王刚,樊春,等.板块汇聚带的造山和重力垮塌作用及其力学成因：以雅鲁藏布江-喜马拉雅山汇聚带为例.地学前缘.2006,13(04)：18-26.
王二七,孟庆任.2008.对龙门山中生代和新生代构造演化的讨论.中国科学(D),38(10)：1221-1233.
文华国,郑荣才,叶泰然,等.米仓山-大巴山前陆盆地下沙溪庙组高分辨率层序地层学特征.矿物岩石.2005(01).
吴光红,胡纯心.沔阳—当阳中生代前陆盆地构造特征及汕气勘探.海相油气地质.2004(Z1).
吴世祥,汤良杰,郭彤楼,等.米仓山与大巴山交汇区构造分区与汕气分布.石汕与天然气地质.2005(03)：361-365.
许志琴.扬子板块北缘的大型深层滑脱构造及动力学分析.中国区区域地质.1987(4)：289-300.
张二朋,牛道韫,霍有光,等.1993.秦巴及邻区地质-构造特征概论.北京：地质出版社,291p.
张国伟,程顺有,郭安林,等.秦岭-大别中央造山系南缘勉略古缝合带的再认识——兼论中国大陆主体的拼合.地质通报.2004(Z2)：846-853.
张国伟,董云鹏,赖绍聪,等.秦岭-大别造山带南缘勉略构造带与勉略缝合带.中国科学d辑.2003(12).
张国伟,孟庆任,于在平,等.秦岭造山带的造山过程及其动力学特征.中国科学d辑.1996(03).
张国伟,张本仁,袁学诚,等.秦岭造山带与大陆动力学.北京：科学出版社,2001.
赵玉光,肖林萍.龙门山中生代前陆盆地时间地层格架及其盆地生长的动态模型研究.四川地质学报.1994(03).
郑杰青.宣汉地区普光构造飞仙关气藏成藏特征研究.南方汕气.2004,17(03)：14-17.