基于WebGIS的县级山洪灾害预警系统的设计与实现
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摘要
我国是山洪灾害极其频繁严重的国家，每年汛期由降雨引发的山洪、泥石流、滑坡都造成了大量人员伤亡和财产损失，不仅严重威胁着广大人民群众的生命安全，而且严重制约着广大山丘区经济社会的发展。山洪灾害点多面广，具有明显的多发性、无序的突发性以及强烈的破坏性，防御难度很大。而我国的暴雨区、山洪灾害易发区和人口居住区又多为相互重叠，更加使得山洪灾害对人民生活所造成的损失日益增长，而建设山洪灾害监测预警系统正是属于我国山洪灾害防御非工程措施的重中之重。
本文对我国山洪灾害概况进行了综述，结合国内外对于山洪灾害防治方面以及预警系统建设方面的研究现状总结WebGIS技术的实现方法，并且对几种WebGIS开发模式进行了比较。以超图公司自主研发的山洪灾害预警系统项目为背景设计了基于SuperMap服务式GIS平台——SuperMap IS.NET所开发的，利用先进的计算机手段，RIA（富互联网应用）技术与遥感等技术，依靠专业的山洪预警业务功能，按照B/S和C/S相结合的体系架构，建设完成了山洪数据库、县级监测预警平台应用软件、电话传真预警发布、系统集成等功能。
该系统针对当前山洪灾害防治的需求实现了实时监控、内部预警、预警发布、应急响应等功能。同时，系统提供相应的监测和预警设备接口，实现与雨水情遥测系统、预警系统的连接。系统的建立提高了山洪灾害数据的监测查询、传输共享、预警分析处理的准确性和时效性，提高山洪灾害防御指挥决策的科学性。为各级政府、防汛指挥机构和减灾组织提供及时准确的水情信息，为其早决策、早部署提供帮助，使防灾减灾决策更加及时、科学。
Mountain flood as a geological disaster occurs very frequently and badly in our country.Mountain flood, debris flow and landslip are caused by the rainfall in each year. It not onlythreatens the safeties of our lives, but also restricts the economic developments of the massifareas. It’s difficult for us to prevent those torrential floods because of its multiple, randomnessand destructiveness. In China, the rainstorm-areas, flood-areas and living-areas are alwaysoverlapped, it makes the loss of national lives much more severe.To build a Mountain floodmonitoring and warning system is the most important part of the Non-engineering measuresof Mountain flood disaster defense.
In this dissertation, the summaries of Mountain flood disasters have been introduced.The implementation methods of the WebGis technique has been summarized through theresearches of the Mountain floods disaster prevention-control and the warning systemconstruction presented both by domestic and overseas. A system which is provided withMountain floods database, the application software of the prefectural monitoring and warningplatform, phone-fax warning issue, system integration and some other functions have beenbuilt completely based on the SuperMap IS.NET platform which belongs to SuperMapSoftware Co. Ltd. It includes advanced computer methods, the RIA （Rich InternetApplication） and Remote Sensing technologies, the professional functions of the flash floodwarning, the combination architecture of B/S and C/S systems.
The system aims at the need of the Mountain flood disaster prevention and control, itachieves the real time monitoring, Internal warning, warning issued, emergency response andother functions. Additionally, the system provides the ports to the corresponding monitoringand warning equipments, it makes the system could connect with the remote-measuring andwarning system of rainfalls, reservoirs and dams. The system Improves the veracity and thetimeliness of the monitoring inquires, the transmission sharing and the warning analysis of theMountain floods disaster data. It also improves the decision rationalitiy of Mountain floodsdisaster defense. It provides more accurate flood informations to governments, flood controlheadquarters and disaster reduction organization. The system helps them to make the correctearlier decisions and the earlier arrangements before the terrible flood calamities occur. Mountain flood
本文对我国山洪灾害概况进行了综述，结合国内外对于山洪灾害防治方面以及预警系统建设方面的研究现状总结WebGIS技术的实现方法，并且对几种WebGIS开发模式进行了比较。以超图公司自主研发的山洪灾害预警系统项目为背景设计了基于SuperMap服务式GIS平台——SuperMap IS.NET所开发的，利用先进的计算机手段，RIA（富互联网应用）技术与遥感等技术，依靠专业的山洪预警业务功能，按照B/S和C/S相结合的体系架构，建设完成了山洪数据库、县级监测预警平台应用软件、电话传真预警发布、系统集成等功能。
该系统针对当前山洪灾害防治的需求实现了实时监控、内部预警、预警发布、应急响应等功能。同时，系统提供相应的监测和预警设备接口，实现与雨水情遥测系统、预警系统的连接。系统的建立提高了山洪灾害数据的监测查询、传输共享、预警分析处理的准确性和时效性，提高山洪灾害防御指挥决策的科学性。为各级政府、防汛指挥机构和减灾组织提供及时准确的水情信息，为其早决策、早部署提供帮助，使防灾减灾决策更加及时、科学。
Mountain flood as a geological disaster occurs very frequently and badly in our country.Mountain flood, debris flow and landslip are caused by the rainfall in each year. It not onlythreatens the safeties of our lives, but also restricts the economic developments of the massifareas. It’s difficult for us to prevent those torrential floods because of its multiple, randomnessand destructiveness. In China, the rainstorm-areas, flood-areas and living-areas are alwaysoverlapped, it makes the loss of national lives much more severe.To build a Mountain floodmonitoring and warning system is the most important part of the Non-engineering measuresof Mountain flood disaster defense.
In this dissertation, the summaries of Mountain flood disasters have been introduced.The implementation methods of the WebGis technique has been summarized through theresearches of the Mountain floods disaster prevention-control and the warning systemconstruction presented both by domestic and overseas. A system which is provided withMountain floods database, the application software of the prefectural monitoring and warningplatform, phone-fax warning issue, system integration and some other functions have beenbuilt completely based on the SuperMap IS.NET platform which belongs to SuperMapSoftware Co. Ltd. It includes advanced computer methods, the RIA （Rich InternetApplication） and Remote Sensing technologies, the professional functions of the flash floodwarning, the combination architecture of B/S and C/S systems.
The system aims at the need of the Mountain flood disaster prevention and control, itachieves the real time monitoring, Internal warning, warning issued, emergency response andother functions. Additionally, the system provides the ports to the corresponding monitoringand warning equipments, it makes the system could connect with the remote-measuring andwarning system of rainfalls, reservoirs and dams. The system Improves the veracity and thetimeliness of the monitoring inquires, the transmission sharing and the warning analysis of theMountain floods disaster data. It also improves the decision rationalitiy of Mountain floodsdisaster defense. It provides more accurate flood informations to governments, flood controlheadquarters and disaster reduction organization. The system helps them to make the correctearlier decisions and the earlier arrangements before the terrible flood calamities occur. Mountain flood
引文
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[25] Vera Pessina,Fabrizio Meroni.A WebGis tool for seismic hazard scenarios and riskanalysis[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering.2009,29:1274-1281.
[26]陈俊杰,陈灿章.WebGIS技术及其实现方法[J].太原理工大学学报,2000(7):394-396.
[27]张帆.基于.net平台WebGIS研究[D].长沙:中南大学.2008.
[28] DS Reed, PE Heymann, SM Mushero,KB Jones,JT. Computer-based,communication system andmethod using metadata defining a control structure. US Patent5,862,325,1999
[29]陈磊,朱岩,裴国英.主要WebGIS平台的选择[J].测绘通报,2007(5):10-13.
[30]马林兵,张新长,伍少坤.Web GIS原理与方法教程[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.
[31]史同广,张子民,周英.WebGIS实现模式及其技术评价[J].山东建筑工程学院学报,2005,20(1):91-95.
[32]方坤.基于RIA技术的构件式WebGIS表现层技术研究[D].北京:中国地质大学（北京）,2009.
[33]谷照升.R IA技术解析[J].长春工程学院学报(自然科学版),2010,11(l):85-88.
[34]维基百科. RIA[EB/01]. http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/RIA,2010.
[35] Adobe RIA topic center: http://www.adobe.com/devnet/ria/
[36]沈云凌. Flex-RIA技术的发展与应用[J].中国金融电脑,2010,(5):63-66.
[37]宋朝晖,刘晓菲.浅谈基于Flex技术的RIA设计[J].电脑知识与技术.2010,6(1):124-125,129.
[38] George Lawton.New ways to build rich internet applications[J].IEEEComputer,2008,41(8):10-12.
[39]周炳喜,周坚华,王珂.基于ArcGIS Flex API的电网企业信息可视化系统研究[J].测绘与空间地理信息,2010,33(2):123-126.
[40]宋宏权.基于Adobe Flex的网络视频GIS设计与实现[J].河南大学,2010.
[41] Cheng Peng-gen, Gong Jian-ya, Wang Yan-dong. Study of Map Symbol Design Sub-SystemGeostar Software,ICC2001(f11021).
[42]百度百科.RIA. http://baike.baidu.com/view/706341.htm,2010-02-28.
[43]齐兵辉.基于Flex构建RIA系统的研究与应用[D].上海:东华大学,2010.
[44]北京超图地理信息技术有限公司.SuperMap SDX+技术白皮书[EB/0L]lhttp://www.SuperMap. com. cn/downloadcenter/down2load. Asp/cur_page=4,2003206.
[45]胡芳俣.RIA技术在电子商务平台中的应用研究[D].大连:大连海事大学,2008.
[46] Redmond, Wash.(800)642-7676. http://www.microsoft.com,2010,03,02.
[47]刘坤林,李扬.基于Flex的RIA应用设计与实现[J].电脑知识与技术,2010,18(6):5089-5091.
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[2]孙厚才,沙耘,黄志鹏.山洪灾害研究现状综述[J].长江科学院院报,2004,12:77-78.
[3]王文川,和吉,邱林.我国山洪灾害防治技术研究综述.中国水利,2011,13.21-22.
[4]赵红莉.基于GIS的山洪及诱发灾害的风险分析.泥沙研究,2004.15-17.
[5]李纪人.空间信息技术是防洪减灾现代化的基础.测绘科学,2005,30(1):46-63.
[6]吴积善,程尊兰等主编.中国山地灾害防治工程.四川科学技术出版社,125-129.
[7]郭丹,任波.基于Web GIS的水利空间信息共享与服务研究[f].人民长江,2008,(14):80-82.
[8]黄杏元,马劲松,汤勤.地理信息系统概论［M］.科学出版社,2001.75-80.
[9]宋关福,钟耳顺.组件式地理信息系统研究与开发[J].中国图象图形学报,1998,5.
[10] Jorg Schonharting. Towards themultimodal transport ofpeople and freight: interconnectivenetworks in the RheinRuhrMetropolis. Journal of TransportGeography,2003(11):193-203.
[11]王本洋.基于GIS技术的植被格局空间分析[D].中山大学博士论文,2004..
[12]王疆霞等.GIS技术及其在水文学和水资源管理方面的应用[J].西北地质,2003,36(1),109-113.
[13]陆桂华.高新技术在水利行业的应用研究展望.水利水电技术,2001,32(1):53-56.
[14]李满春,任建武等.GIS设计与实现[M].北京:科学出版社.
[15]刘洪江.县级泥石流信息系统的建立及其应用[J].干旱区地理,1997,4.
[16]周金星.山洪及泥石流灾害空间预报技术研究[J].水土保持学报,2001,6:112-116.
[17]陈自生,王成华,孔纪名.中国滑坡灾害及宏观防御战略.中国自然灾情及防灾对策,湖北科学技术出版社,163-169.
[18]王亚平,刘强.数据库系统工程师教程.北京:清华大学出版社,2004:33-56.
[19]李纪人.空间信息技术是防洪减灾现代化的基础.测绘科学,2005,30(1):4-7.
[20]唐邦兴主编.山洪,泥石流,滑坡灾害及防治,科学出版社,245-252.
[21]刘安麟,邓凤东,王钊.基于WEBGIS技术的陕西省气象信息共享系统设计[J].陕西气象.2008(5):13-17.
[22] S.K.Bhan,S.K.Saha,L.M.Pade,Use of Remote Sensing and GIS Technology insustainableAgricultural Management and Development,1997,(4).
[23]萨师煊,王珊.数据库系统概论.北京:高等教育出版社,2000:78-120
[24]贺媛媛,张颖.WebGIS的发展现状及前景[J].石家庄铁路职业技术学院学报.2008,7(1):52-55.
[25] Vera Pessina,Fabrizio Meroni.A WebGis tool for seismic hazard scenarios and riskanalysis[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering.2009,29:1274-1281.
[26]陈俊杰,陈灿章.WebGIS技术及其实现方法[J].太原理工大学学报,2000(7):394-396.
[27]张帆.基于.net平台WebGIS研究[D].长沙:中南大学.2008.
[28] DS Reed, PE Heymann, SM Mushero,KB Jones,JT. Computer-based,communication system andmethod using metadata defining a control structure. US Patent5,862,325,1999
[29]陈磊,朱岩,裴国英.主要WebGIS平台的选择[J].测绘通报,2007(5):10-13.
[30]马林兵,张新长,伍少坤.Web GIS原理与方法教程[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.
[31]史同广,张子民,周英.WebGIS实现模式及其技术评价[J].山东建筑工程学院学报,2005,20(1):91-95.
[32]方坤.基于RIA技术的构件式WebGIS表现层技术研究[D].北京:中国地质大学（北京）,2009.
[33]谷照升.R IA技术解析[J].长春工程学院学报(自然科学版),2010,11(l):85-88.
[34]维基百科. RIA[EB/01]. http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/RIA,2010.
[35] Adobe RIA topic center: http://www.adobe.com/devnet/ria/
[36]沈云凌. Flex-RIA技术的发展与应用[J].中国金融电脑,2010,(5):63-66.
[37]宋朝晖,刘晓菲.浅谈基于Flex技术的RIA设计[J].电脑知识与技术.2010,6(1):124-125,129.
[38] George Lawton.New ways to build rich internet applications[J].IEEEComputer,2008,41(8):10-12.
[39]周炳喜,周坚华,王珂.基于ArcGIS Flex API的电网企业信息可视化系统研究[J].测绘与空间地理信息,2010,33(2):123-126.
[40]宋宏权.基于Adobe Flex的网络视频GIS设计与实现[J].河南大学,2010.
[41] Cheng Peng-gen, Gong Jian-ya, Wang Yan-dong. Study of Map Symbol Design Sub-SystemGeostar Software,ICC2001(f11021).
[42]百度百科.RIA. http://baike.baidu.com/view/706341.htm,2010-02-28.
[43]齐兵辉.基于Flex构建RIA系统的研究与应用[D].上海:东华大学,2010.
[44]北京超图地理信息技术有限公司.SuperMap SDX+技术白皮书[EB/0L]lhttp://www.SuperMap. com. cn/downloadcenter/down2load. Asp/cur_page=4,2003206.
[45]胡芳俣.RIA技术在电子商务平台中的应用研究[D].大连:大连海事大学,2008.
[46] Redmond, Wash.(800)642-7676. http://www.microsoft.com,2010,03,02.
[47]刘坤林,李扬.基于Flex的RIA应用设计与实现[J].电脑知识与技术,2010,18(6):5089-5091.
[48] Chainey S. New Perspectives in Crime Mapping. JDI National Crime MappingConference,London,2003.
[49]程国雄,胡世清.基于Silverlight的RIA系统架构与设计模式研究[J].计算机工程与设计,2010,31(8):1706-1709,1713.
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