干式双离合器的参数化设计与分析
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摘要
大量非职业驾驶员的出现,消费者对驾驶性能要求的提高以及环境节能减排的需要等使得汽车行业加快了对汽车自动变速器技术的研究。其中双离合器自动变速器作为一种新型自动变速器,较其他变自动速系统有着更加优越的动力性,经济性,成为当今汽车领域研究的热点。若以传统的设计方法开发设计双离合器效率低,因此研究一种基于三维CAD系统的参数化设计方法对提高双离合器的设计效率及缩短开发周期具有重要意义。另外离合器在瞬态结合过程中滑磨产生的热量问题也不容忽视,因此有必要对双离合器关键零部件进行热分析。本文即以设计一款高级乘用车自动变速系统为例,对干式双离合器的参数化设计及热分析展开研究。
根据车型参数选择干式膜片弹簧双离合器作为其研究对象完成对干式双离合器的结构设计及离合器的基本参数计算,并对离合器主要性能指标校核。同时对干式双离合器中的关键零部件压盘,膜片弹簧、从动盘总成以及离合器盖进行设计。确定压盘基本参数并校核;分析常开式膜片弹簧的工作特性,确定其基本参数尺寸,并对其进行受力分析;对从动盘总成中的主要零件从动片、减震器盘、摩擦片、从动盘以及扭转减震器进行了设计计算。
在干式双离合器结构及零件基本参数确定的基础上,本文重点是选择以CATIA三维建模系统为平台及VB6.0为开发工具,借助CATIA二次开发接口,利用VB6.0外部程序访问CATIA内部对象的方式,实现了对干式双离合器结构中关键零件的参数化设计,并进一步实现了装配参数化设计。
在参数化模型的基础上,利用ANSYS有限元分析软件对双离合器换挡过程中摩擦片及压盘Ⅰ滑磨产生的瞬态温度场及因摩擦生热引起的热应力、热应变进行了热分析,同时对膜片弹簧进行静力学分析,这些为双离合器的结构设计及优化分析提供了一定的依据。
The massive amateur drivers’appearance, the consumer’s enhancement for handling as well as requirement for environment energy conservation and so on make the auto industry research speed up the automobile automatic transmission technology research. Among them double clutch transmission as a kind of new automatic transmission, more superior power, economic type than other ones, becomes the hot spot that the auto industry studies nowadays. If developing double clutch by traditional design method, efficiency is low, therefore it is necessary to study one kind method based on the parameter design of 3D CAD system which can improve design efficiency of double clutch and shorten research cycle. Moreover, the calorific problem in a sudden cohesive process of clutch cannot be neglected, so it is also essential to do heat analysis on key parts of double clutch. Taking a style of light passenger car for instance, this paper mainly analyzes parameter design and thermal analysis of double clutch.
According to the vehicle parameter, this paper chooses dry diaphragm spring double clutch as research object, completes structure design and basic parameter computing of the clutch, and checks calculation of parameter performance. At the same time crucial parts of double clutch are designed. This paper determines and checks parameter of platen, analysis the diaphragm spring’s operation characteristic, recognize its basic parameter size, and does force analysis for spring. The follower pan, shock absorber pan, friction, clutch plate hub, torsion shock absorber as driven disk’s main parts are carried on design computing.
Based on basic parameter of double clutch, the point of the paper is to choose CATIA as 3D modeling platform and VB6.0 as development tool, visit the CATIA internal object by VB6.0 exterior procedure with the aid of the CATIA re-development connections, realize crucial parts’parameter design of the double clutch structure, and further realize the assembly parameter design of double clutch.
This paper makes transient state temperature field analysis, thermal stress and thermal strain on the friction disk and pressure plate I of double clutch in the sudden cohesive process by ANSYS finite element analysis software. In addition, this paper does static analysis on the disk spring. These works can provide certain basis for double clutch's structural design and the optimized analysis.
根据车型参数选择干式膜片弹簧双离合器作为其研究对象完成对干式双离合器的结构设计及离合器的基本参数计算,并对离合器主要性能指标校核。同时对干式双离合器中的关键零部件压盘,膜片弹簧、从动盘总成以及离合器盖进行设计。确定压盘基本参数并校核;分析常开式膜片弹簧的工作特性,确定其基本参数尺寸,并对其进行受力分析;对从动盘总成中的主要零件从动片、减震器盘、摩擦片、从动盘以及扭转减震器进行了设计计算。
在干式双离合器结构及零件基本参数确定的基础上,本文重点是选择以CATIA三维建模系统为平台及VB6.0为开发工具,借助CATIA二次开发接口,利用VB6.0外部程序访问CATIA内部对象的方式,实现了对干式双离合器结构中关键零件的参数化设计,并进一步实现了装配参数化设计。
在参数化模型的基础上,利用ANSYS有限元分析软件对双离合器换挡过程中摩擦片及压盘Ⅰ滑磨产生的瞬态温度场及因摩擦生热引起的热应力、热应变进行了热分析,同时对膜片弹簧进行静力学分析,这些为双离合器的结构设计及优化分析提供了一定的依据。
The massive amateur drivers’appearance, the consumer’s enhancement for handling as well as requirement for environment energy conservation and so on make the auto industry research speed up the automobile automatic transmission technology research. Among them double clutch transmission as a kind of new automatic transmission, more superior power, economic type than other ones, becomes the hot spot that the auto industry studies nowadays. If developing double clutch by traditional design method, efficiency is low, therefore it is necessary to study one kind method based on the parameter design of 3D CAD system which can improve design efficiency of double clutch and shorten research cycle. Moreover, the calorific problem in a sudden cohesive process of clutch cannot be neglected, so it is also essential to do heat analysis on key parts of double clutch. Taking a style of light passenger car for instance, this paper mainly analyzes parameter design and thermal analysis of double clutch.
According to the vehicle parameter, this paper chooses dry diaphragm spring double clutch as research object, completes structure design and basic parameter computing of the clutch, and checks calculation of parameter performance. At the same time crucial parts of double clutch are designed. This paper determines and checks parameter of platen, analysis the diaphragm spring’s operation characteristic, recognize its basic parameter size, and does force analysis for spring. The follower pan, shock absorber pan, friction, clutch plate hub, torsion shock absorber as driven disk’s main parts are carried on design computing.
Based on basic parameter of double clutch, the point of the paper is to choose CATIA as 3D modeling platform and VB6.0 as development tool, visit the CATIA internal object by VB6.0 exterior procedure with the aid of the CATIA re-development connections, realize crucial parts’parameter design of the double clutch structure, and further realize the assembly parameter design of double clutch.
This paper makes transient state temperature field analysis, thermal stress and thermal strain on the friction disk and pressure plate I of double clutch in the sudden cohesive process by ANSYS finite element analysis software. In addition, this paper does static analysis on the disk spring. These works can provide certain basis for double clutch's structural design and the optimized analysis.
引文
[1]张世义.双离合器自动变速汽车传动系统性能研究[D].重庆:重庆大学硕士学位论文,2008:5-6.
[2]王保华,孙厚为.双离合器变速器汽车建模与仿真[J].湖北汽车工程学院学院,2008(3):1.
[3]葛安林.自动变速器(七)无级变速器CVT(上)[J].汽车技术,2001(11):7.
[4] Song Xubin, Liu Jason, Smedley Daniel. Simulation Study of Dual Clutch Transmission for Medium Duty Truck Applications[J]. SAE, 2005(1):3590-3593.
[5] Amendolac, Alvesm. Gear shift strategies analysis of the automatic transmission in comparison with the double clutch transmission[C]. SAE Paper, 2006(1):2872.
[6] Zhang.Y, Chen.X. Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of a Dual-clutch Automated Lay-shaft Transmission[J]. Journal of University of Michigan-Dearborn, 2004(03):65-72.
[7] Matthes.B. Dual Clutch Transmission-Lessons Learned and Future Potential[C]. SAE Paper, 2005(1):1021.
[8] Song Xubin, Liu Jason, Smedley Daniel. Simulation Study of Dual Clutch Transmission for Medium Duty Truck Applications[J]. SAE, 2005(1):3590.
[9] Matthes Bernd. Dual Clutch Transmissions Lessons Learned and Future Potential[J]. SAE, 2005(1):1023.
[10]杨昭.双离合器自动变速器动力学建模及仿真研究[D].长春:吉林大学车辆工程学科硕士学位论文,2007:7.
[11] Reik. The clutch-the heart of the double clutch gearbox[R]. VDI: BerichteNr, 2004:65-88.
[12] Goetz.M, Levesley.C.M, Crolla.D.A. Integrated Power train Control of Gearshifts on Twin Clutch Transmissions[J]. SAE, 2004(7):33.
[13]宋德臣.干式双离合器模块优化设计方法[D].长春:吉林大学车辆工程学科硕士研究论文,2008:3-4.
[14]王志新,韩秀芹.双离合器自动变速器(DCT)解析[J].甘肃科技,2008(10):1.
[15]王保华,张同宝. DCT离合器结构探索性设计与分析[J],2009,23(2):2.
[16] Wheals.J.C, Crewe.C, Ramsbottom.M. Automated Manual Transmissions-A European Survey and Proposed Quality Shift Metrics[J]. SAE, 2002(1):929-934.
[17]牛铭奎,葛安林,金伦,徐彩琪.双离合器式自动变速器简介[J].汽车工艺与材料,2002(12):36.
[18]东方慧. DSG技术及应用探索[J].侃车论驾,2010(27):15.
[19]董小洪.双离合器自动变速器干式双离合器设计与研究[D].重庆:重庆大学车辆工程学科硕士学位论文,2010:1.
[20] Wagner.G. Custermer Benefit and Potential of Advance-ments of Automatic Transmission Systems[C]. Germany: VDI-Berichte Nr, 2006:1943.
[21] Kulkarni Manish, Shim Taehyun, Zhang Yi. Shift dynamics and control of dual-clutch transmissions[J]. Mechanism and Machine Theory, 2007(7):122.
[22] Jost Kevin. A Different Automatic[J]. Automotive Engineering International,2003(7):32-36.
[23]离合器:干式还是湿式[J].汽车工艺与材料,2007(4):63-64.
[24] GmbH.G, Wagner.G. Application of Transmission Systems for Different Driveline configuration In passenger Car[J]. Drive System Technique, 2002,2:11-27.
[25]史俊武,李小伟,张建武,鲁统利.常开式离合器膜片弹簧的改进型遗传算法优化[J].上海交通大学学报,2009,2(43):208-210.
[26]林世裕.膜片弹簧与碟形弹簧离合器的设计与制造[M].东南大学出版社,1995:73-77.
[27] Bezzazi.M, Khamlichi.A, Jabbouri.A, et al. Experimental characterization of frictional behaviour of clutch facings using Pin-on-disk machine. Materials&Design[J], 2007(7):2148-2154.
[28]胡伟伟.机械压力机参数化设计的研究[D].南京:南京理工大学测试计量技术与仪器学科硕士学位论文,2009:5.
[29]邓学雄.现代CAD技术的发展特征[J].工程图学学报,2001(3):8-3.
[30] Liu Zhigeng, Hou Zhili, Yang Jingang, et al. Parameterized design of bridge of overhead traveling crane based on KBE[J]. Hoisting and Conveying Machinery, 2007(1):31-3.
[31]程伟华.行星锥盘无级变速器参数化设计系统的开发和热场分析[D].西安:西安理工大学机械设计与理论学科硕士论文,2008:10-11.
[32]魏欣,刘希玉,牛雪丽.基于CATIA二次开发的帆船酒店造型设计[J].山东建筑大学学报,2009(24):511.
[33] Kulfan.B.M. Universal parametric geometry representation method[J]. Journal of Aircraft, 2008,45(1):142-158.
[34]张国智,胡仁喜,张继刚等. ANSYS11.0热力学有限元分析实例指导教程[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007:83.
[35]曲艳阳.微型汽车离合器温度场研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学机械电子工程学科硕士学位论文,2008:28.
[36]邓云飞.干式双离合器热性能有限元分析[D].长春:吉林大学车辆工程学科硕士学位论文,2007:47.
[37] Yang Xiaojing, Chen Zichen, FanYujing, et al. Heat Analysis of Sliding Abrasive Particle Micro Contact Process by Finite Element Method [J]. Lubrication Engineering, 2007(8):1-4.
[38] Abdel-Aal.H.A. On the distribution of friction-induced heat in the dry sliding of metallic solid pairs[J]. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 1997,24(7):93-104.
[39] Qiu Xiaoyan, BoYucheng. Analysis of the Factors Affecting the Temperature of Sliding Friction Pairs [J]. Mechanical Engineering & Automation, 2007,145 (6):48-50.
[40] He.H, Okubo.K, Fuji.T, Takemoto.Y, Doman.Y. Thermal Deformation of Pressure Plates for Manual Clutches[J]. SAE, 2005(1):1784.
[41] Albers, Albert. Advanced ceramic-steel pairings under permanent slip for running clutch systems[J]. Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, 2010,31(2):295-307.
[42] Jia Yunhai. Research on friction disk surface oil groove configuration and temperature raise in wet friction clutch[J]. Zhongguo Gonglu Xuebao/China Joural of Highway and Transport, 2007,20(5):112-116.
[2]王保华,孙厚为.双离合器变速器汽车建模与仿真[J].湖北汽车工程学院学院,2008(3):1.
[3]葛安林.自动变速器(七)无级变速器CVT(上)[J].汽车技术,2001(11):7.
[4] Song Xubin, Liu Jason, Smedley Daniel. Simulation Study of Dual Clutch Transmission for Medium Duty Truck Applications[J]. SAE, 2005(1):3590-3593.
[5] Amendolac, Alvesm. Gear shift strategies analysis of the automatic transmission in comparison with the double clutch transmission[C]. SAE Paper, 2006(1):2872.
[6] Zhang.Y, Chen.X. Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of a Dual-clutch Automated Lay-shaft Transmission[J]. Journal of University of Michigan-Dearborn, 2004(03):65-72.
[7] Matthes.B. Dual Clutch Transmission-Lessons Learned and Future Potential[C]. SAE Paper, 2005(1):1021.
[8] Song Xubin, Liu Jason, Smedley Daniel. Simulation Study of Dual Clutch Transmission for Medium Duty Truck Applications[J]. SAE, 2005(1):3590.
[9] Matthes Bernd. Dual Clutch Transmissions Lessons Learned and Future Potential[J]. SAE, 2005(1):1023.
[10]杨昭.双离合器自动变速器动力学建模及仿真研究[D].长春:吉林大学车辆工程学科硕士学位论文,2007:7.
[11] Reik. The clutch-the heart of the double clutch gearbox[R]. VDI: BerichteNr, 2004:65-88.
[12] Goetz.M, Levesley.C.M, Crolla.D.A. Integrated Power train Control of Gearshifts on Twin Clutch Transmissions[J]. SAE, 2004(7):33.
[13]宋德臣.干式双离合器模块优化设计方法[D].长春:吉林大学车辆工程学科硕士研究论文,2008:3-4.
[14]王志新,韩秀芹.双离合器自动变速器(DCT)解析[J].甘肃科技,2008(10):1.
[15]王保华,张同宝. DCT离合器结构探索性设计与分析[J],2009,23(2):2.
[16] Wheals.J.C, Crewe.C, Ramsbottom.M. Automated Manual Transmissions-A European Survey and Proposed Quality Shift Metrics[J]. SAE, 2002(1):929-934.
[17]牛铭奎,葛安林,金伦,徐彩琪.双离合器式自动变速器简介[J].汽车工艺与材料,2002(12):36.
[18]东方慧. DSG技术及应用探索[J].侃车论驾,2010(27):15.
[19]董小洪.双离合器自动变速器干式双离合器设计与研究[D].重庆:重庆大学车辆工程学科硕士学位论文,2010:1.
[20] Wagner.G. Custermer Benefit and Potential of Advance-ments of Automatic Transmission Systems[C]. Germany: VDI-Berichte Nr, 2006:1943.
[21] Kulkarni Manish, Shim Taehyun, Zhang Yi. Shift dynamics and control of dual-clutch transmissions[J]. Mechanism and Machine Theory, 2007(7):122.
[22] Jost Kevin. A Different Automatic[J]. Automotive Engineering International,2003(7):32-36.
[23]离合器:干式还是湿式[J].汽车工艺与材料,2007(4):63-64.
[24] GmbH.G, Wagner.G. Application of Transmission Systems for Different Driveline configuration In passenger Car[J]. Drive System Technique, 2002,2:11-27.
[25]史俊武,李小伟,张建武,鲁统利.常开式离合器膜片弹簧的改进型遗传算法优化[J].上海交通大学学报,2009,2(43):208-210.
[26]林世裕.膜片弹簧与碟形弹簧离合器的设计与制造[M].东南大学出版社,1995:73-77.
[27] Bezzazi.M, Khamlichi.A, Jabbouri.A, et al. Experimental characterization of frictional behaviour of clutch facings using Pin-on-disk machine. Materials&Design[J], 2007(7):2148-2154.
[28]胡伟伟.机械压力机参数化设计的研究[D].南京:南京理工大学测试计量技术与仪器学科硕士学位论文,2009:5.
[29]邓学雄.现代CAD技术的发展特征[J].工程图学学报,2001(3):8-3.
[30] Liu Zhigeng, Hou Zhili, Yang Jingang, et al. Parameterized design of bridge of overhead traveling crane based on KBE[J]. Hoisting and Conveying Machinery, 2007(1):31-3.
[31]程伟华.行星锥盘无级变速器参数化设计系统的开发和热场分析[D].西安:西安理工大学机械设计与理论学科硕士论文,2008:10-11.
[32]魏欣,刘希玉,牛雪丽.基于CATIA二次开发的帆船酒店造型设计[J].山东建筑大学学报,2009(24):511.
[33] Kulfan.B.M. Universal parametric geometry representation method[J]. Journal of Aircraft, 2008,45(1):142-158.
[34]张国智,胡仁喜,张继刚等. ANSYS11.0热力学有限元分析实例指导教程[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007:83.
[35]曲艳阳.微型汽车离合器温度场研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学机械电子工程学科硕士学位论文,2008:28.
[36]邓云飞.干式双离合器热性能有限元分析[D].长春:吉林大学车辆工程学科硕士学位论文,2007:47.
[37] Yang Xiaojing, Chen Zichen, FanYujing, et al. Heat Analysis of Sliding Abrasive Particle Micro Contact Process by Finite Element Method [J]. Lubrication Engineering, 2007(8):1-4.
[38] Abdel-Aal.H.A. On the distribution of friction-induced heat in the dry sliding of metallic solid pairs[J]. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 1997,24(7):93-104.
[39] Qiu Xiaoyan, BoYucheng. Analysis of the Factors Affecting the Temperature of Sliding Friction Pairs [J]. Mechanical Engineering & Automation, 2007,145 (6):48-50.
[40] He.H, Okubo.K, Fuji.T, Takemoto.Y, Doman.Y. Thermal Deformation of Pressure Plates for Manual Clutches[J]. SAE, 2005(1):1784.
[41] Albers, Albert. Advanced ceramic-steel pairings under permanent slip for running clutch systems[J]. Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, 2010,31(2):295-307.
[42] Jia Yunhai. Research on friction disk surface oil groove configuration and temperature raise in wet friction clutch[J]. Zhongguo Gonglu Xuebao/China Joural of Highway and Transport, 2007,20(5):112-116.