CRH5型动车组牵引变流器的研究
摘要
随着我国经济不断发展,我国人口众多,导致高速列车的需求量越来越大,铁路运输能力也需要进—步提高,因此掌握好高速列车的控制技术对于加快高速列车发展很有意义。
本文主要是以CRH5型动车组变流器为主体,对交-直-交传动系统中的四象限脉冲整流器、中间稳压环节和逆变环节的工作原理进行详细分析。对整流环节采用的瞬态直接电流控制、预测直接电流控制和改进型抑制三次谐波电流控制进行比较分析,同时利用载波移相技术结合SPWM调制来消除网侧电流分布在二次开关频率处谐波。对牵引逆变DC-AC环节采用的磁场定向控制及多种方式SPWM调制方法进行深入分析。通过在Matlab/Simulink里搭建牵引逆变联合仿真模型,验证电机的牵引特性。对中间DC-DC环节产生的二次脉动问题进行分析,并提出基于重复观测器的前馈补偿方法能够很好抑制拍频电流,减少转矩脉动。通过在Matlab/Simulink搭建变流器仿真模块,验证控制策略的有效性。
通过仿真可得出,动车组网侧在牵引工况下实现网侧电压电流同相位运行,再生制动工况下实现反相位运行,同时中间直流侧电压能够稳压。采用载波移相技术能够消除网侧二次电流谐波,降低谐波回馈给电网的危害。随着电机转速不断升高,牵引电机能够实现转矩恒定、磁链恒定,实现电机的恒力矩运行特性。对中间直流二次脉动问题进行仿真表明,采用重复预测观测器能够有效的减小二次电压脉动,抑制电机的拍频电流。
最后,自主搭建了基于TMS320F2812的单相整流器小功率硬件实验平台,并对各个硬件模块进行了调试,完成了整流器闭环控制实验,实验结果表明此种控制策略的有效性。
With the rapid development of our economy, there are growing demands and more control technologies for high-speed trains. To accelerate the development of high-speed trains is of great significance.
This paper tightly surrounds the traction converter used in CRH5for the study. There is a detailed analysis for the structures and principles of AC-DC converters, intermediate DC link and traction inverter. Transient four-quadrant pulse rectifier direct current control,forecast direct current control and Inhibition of the third harmonic feedforward compensation strategy, the carrier phase shift technology and SPWM modulation strategy are analyzed in detail. the principle of derivation and analysis of traction inverter using the magnetic field oriented vector control strategies and the use of a variety of ways SPWM modulation strategy are depth anaiszed. Four-quadrant pulse rectifier and the simulation circut of traction inverter are built in the Matlab. The secondary pulsation problem caused by the intermediate DC link is analyzed and a feed-forward compensation method based on repeated observations is well proposed to inhibits the beat frequency current and reduce torque ripple. The effectiveness of this method by building a simulation model in Matlab/Simulink is verified.
Through the four-quadrant pulse rectifier, the simulation results show that the power factor of the network side voltage and current close to1in the traction conditions and close to-1in the regenerative braking conditions, while the intermediate DC voltage be able to achieve the regulator and low input current harmonic content features. At the same time, the use of carrier phase shift technology can eliminate the network side of the secondary current harmonics and reduce harm harmonics back to the grid. The traction inverter simulation results show that with the rising of the motor speed, the traction motor achieves running in constant torque and constant flux. Simulation results show that using repeated prediction observer can effectively reduce the secondary pulse and inhibiting beat current of the motor of the intermediate DC secondary ripple problem.
Finally, the single-phase rectifier low-power hardware experimental platform was built independently based on TMS320F2812. the experimental results with the transient direct current control closed-loop show the effectiveness of such strategy.
本文主要是以CRH5型动车组变流器为主体,对交-直-交传动系统中的四象限脉冲整流器、中间稳压环节和逆变环节的工作原理进行详细分析。对整流环节采用的瞬态直接电流控制、预测直接电流控制和改进型抑制三次谐波电流控制进行比较分析,同时利用载波移相技术结合SPWM调制来消除网侧电流分布在二次开关频率处谐波。对牵引逆变DC-AC环节采用的磁场定向控制及多种方式SPWM调制方法进行深入分析。通过在Matlab/Simulink里搭建牵引逆变联合仿真模型,验证电机的牵引特性。对中间DC-DC环节产生的二次脉动问题进行分析,并提出基于重复观测器的前馈补偿方法能够很好抑制拍频电流,减少转矩脉动。通过在Matlab/Simulink搭建变流器仿真模块,验证控制策略的有效性。
通过仿真可得出,动车组网侧在牵引工况下实现网侧电压电流同相位运行,再生制动工况下实现反相位运行,同时中间直流侧电压能够稳压。采用载波移相技术能够消除网侧二次电流谐波,降低谐波回馈给电网的危害。随着电机转速不断升高,牵引电机能够实现转矩恒定、磁链恒定,实现电机的恒力矩运行特性。对中间直流二次脉动问题进行仿真表明,采用重复预测观测器能够有效的减小二次电压脉动,抑制电机的拍频电流。
最后,自主搭建了基于TMS320F2812的单相整流器小功率硬件实验平台,并对各个硬件模块进行了调试,完成了整流器闭环控制实验,实验结果表明此种控制策略的有效性。
With the rapid development of our economy, there are growing demands and more control technologies for high-speed trains. To accelerate the development of high-speed trains is of great significance.
This paper tightly surrounds the traction converter used in CRH5for the study. There is a detailed analysis for the structures and principles of AC-DC converters, intermediate DC link and traction inverter. Transient four-quadrant pulse rectifier direct current control,forecast direct current control and Inhibition of the third harmonic feedforward compensation strategy, the carrier phase shift technology and SPWM modulation strategy are analyzed in detail. the principle of derivation and analysis of traction inverter using the magnetic field oriented vector control strategies and the use of a variety of ways SPWM modulation strategy are depth anaiszed. Four-quadrant pulse rectifier and the simulation circut of traction inverter are built in the Matlab. The secondary pulsation problem caused by the intermediate DC link is analyzed and a feed-forward compensation method based on repeated observations is well proposed to inhibits the beat frequency current and reduce torque ripple. The effectiveness of this method by building a simulation model in Matlab/Simulink is verified.
Through the four-quadrant pulse rectifier, the simulation results show that the power factor of the network side voltage and current close to1in the traction conditions and close to-1in the regenerative braking conditions, while the intermediate DC voltage be able to achieve the regulator and low input current harmonic content features. At the same time, the use of carrier phase shift technology can eliminate the network side of the secondary current harmonics and reduce harm harmonics back to the grid. The traction inverter simulation results show that with the rising of the motor speed, the traction motor achieves running in constant torque and constant flux. Simulation results show that using repeated prediction observer can effectively reduce the secondary pulse and inhibiting beat current of the motor of the intermediate DC secondary ripple problem.
Finally, the single-phase rectifier low-power hardware experimental platform was built independently based on TMS320F2812. the experimental results with the transient direct current control closed-loop show the effectiveness of such strategy.
引文
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[11]王晓东.双向PWM整流器设计与研究.武汉理工大学硕士学位论文.2007.4.
[12]Wu R. Dewan S B. Slemon G R. Analysis of an AC to DC voltage source converter using PWM with phase and ampl itude control. IEEE Trans Ind Appl.1991,27:355～ 364.
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[15]Prasad N. Enjeti, Phoivos D. ziogas, James F, lindsay. A current source PWM inverter with instantaneous current control capabi 1 ity. IEEE. Trans on Ind Appl,1991,27(3): 582-588.
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[20]张崇巍,张兴.PWM整流器及其控制.北京：机械工业出版社,2003.10.
[21]冯晓云.电力牵引交流传动及其控制系统[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2009.12.
[22]Kataoka T etc. A pulaewidth controlled AC--to--DC converter to improve power factor and waveform of AC line current. IEEE TransInd AI.1979. IA—15:670～675.
[23]顾绳谷.电机及拖动基础(第3版)机械工业出版社,2006.2.
[24]林澜.感应电机跟踪控制问题,博士学位论文.郑州大学,2003.6.
[25]Peresada S,Tonielli A,Morici R.High-performance indirect field-oriented output feedback control of induction motors.Automatics,1999,35:1033～1047.
[26]孙勇.电力机车牵引变流器变频调速技术控制研究[D].华中科技大学硕士学位论文.2011.
[27]泊泽龙.高速动车组牵引控制方法研究[D].北京交通大学硕士学位论文.2009.
[28]尚敬.基于DSP异步电机磁场定向控制系统研究[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文.2003.
[29]Selmom G R.Modelling of induction machines for electric drives. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1989,25(6):1126～1131.
[30]Nihat Inane.A robust sliding mode flux and speed observer for speed sensorless control of an indirect field oriented induction motor drives. Electric Power Systems
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[32]杨显进.CRH5牵引变流器的研究[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文.2009.
[33]王利军.高速动车组再生制动工况变流器控制算法研究与实现[D].西南交通大学 硕士学位论文.2008.
[34]李瑞夫.同步调制下异步电机矢量控制研究[D].北京咬通大学硕士学位论文.2011.
[35]谢柯.高速列车牵引传动系统仿真分析[D].浙江大学硕士学位论文.2011.
[36]刘玉洁.高速列车牵引传动系统直流电压脉动机理及影响的研究.北京交通大学硕士学位论文.2010.
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[39]Y.S.Xue,L.C.Chang.Closed-loop SPWM control for grid-connected buck-boost inberters,in Proc. Power Electronics Specialists Conference,2004.3366～3371.
[40]P.N. Enjeti,W.Shireen.A new technique to reject DC-link voltage ripple for inverters operating on programmed PWM waveforms.IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,1992,7(1):171～180.
[41]N.Flourentzou,V.GAgelidis.Harmonic performance of multiple sets of solutions of SHE-PWM for a 2-level VSC topology with fluctuating DC-link voltage. In Proceeding Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference,2007.1-8.
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