高速铁路牵引供电系统负荷建模
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摘要
随着我国高速铁路的快速发展,高铁牵引供电系统已成为电力系统的重要用户之一。但是高铁牵引负荷作为一种大容量、冲击性强的非线性负荷,会对电网产生一系列不良影响,甚至会严重威胁电网的安全稳定运行。为了适应我国高速铁路的快速发展形势,开展高铁牵引供电系统负荷建模研究,对正确分析和评估高铁牵引供电系统运行状态,降低其对电力系统的影响,保障两者的健康协调发展具有重要意义。
基于此,根据高铁牵引供电系统工作原理和负荷特性,本文开展了动车组牵引传动系统数字仿真研究,在此基础上利用参数辨识方法进行动车组负荷建模和牵引供电臂负荷建模。
在动乍组牵引传动系统数字仿真方而,针对动车组运行特性受牵引网网压、线路条件、载重影响,建立了CRH2动车组牵引传动系统仿真模型,对不同运行情况进行仿真分析。根据动车组控制原理、牵引制动特性和控制策略,建立CRH2动车组牵引传动系统仿真模型;根据制动减速度计算再生制动力和空气制动力,通过电磁转矩和负载转矩变化模拟电空复合制动,进行牵引、制动全过程仿真；分析线路条件对动车组的影响,通过负载转矩变化表征线路条件变化,进行不同线路条件和网压波动下的动车组运行仿真。仿真结果表明，该模型各项参数均符合实际,能较真实模拟动车组运行。
在动车组负荷建模方而,针对动车组负荷随动车组运行工况、载重和线路条件变化,建立了CRH2动车组负荷模型,并对模型适用性进行分析。动车组牵引电机在牵引和制动工况分别运行在异步电动机和异步发电机状态,根据其负荷构成和特点,采用异步电机并联静态负荷模型来描述动乍组负荷；根据CRH2动车组仿真模型不同速度、不同电压扰动下的功率扰动数据,采用遗传算法进行参数辨识,并进行模型泛化能力验证,结果证明该负荷模型能较好描述动车组牵引和制动工况下的负荷需求：通过改变负荷模型的部分参数,反映不同负载和不同线路条件下的动车组负荷变化情况,结果证明该方法能有效提高该模型的适用性。
在以牵引供电臂为单元的负荷建模方面,针对牵引供电臂负荷随动车组数量、载重及线路条件变化,建立了牵引变电所以供电臂为单元的负荷模型,并对模型适用性进行分析。参考现有文献的牵引供电臂负荷建模思路,建立牵引供电臂负荷模型,并采用遗传算法进行参数辨识,结果证明该模型能较好拟合辨识样本数据；变换牵引供电臂负荷模型部分参数,对供电臂负荷随动车组载重和动车组所处线路条件变化进行适用分析。
综上所述,本论文所建立的负荷模型能够较真实模拟高铁牵引供电系统负荷特性,可望为高铁牵引供电系统理论研究及其对电力系统的影响分析提供支持。
With the rapid development of China's high-speed rail, high-speed rail traction power supply system has become one of the important loads of the power system. But high-speed rail traction load, as a large capacity and strong impact of nonlinear load, would cause a series negative impacts on power network, even undermine the safe and stable operation of the power network. In order to adapt to the rapid development of China's high-speed railway, the study of high-speed rail traction power supply system load modeling is very important to the exact analysis and evaluation of high-speed rail traction power supply system operating status. It is helpful to reduce its impact on the power system and generates great significance in guaranteeing their healthy and coordinated development.
On this basis, according to the working principle and load characteristics of the high-speed rail traction power supply system, simulation modeling of EMU traction drive system is studied in this article. And then, parameter identification method is used to carry out the EMU load modeling and traction power supply arm load modeling research.
In the aspect of EMU traction drive system simulation modeling, since operating characteristics of the EMU is not only affected by the traction network voltage, but also affected by the line conditions and load, CRH2EMU traction drive system simulation model is established, which is used to make simulation analysis under different operating conditions. On the base of studying EMU control principle of traction braking characteristics and control strategy, CRH2EMU traction drive system simulation model is established. According to the brake deceleration, regenerative braking force and the air braking force are calculated. EMU's electromagnetic torque and load torque are changed to analog electro-pneumatic composite braking and then the simulation of whole process of traction and braking is completed. Impact of line conditions on EMU is analyzed and the variation of line conditions is imitated through the load torque variation to carry out EMU operation simulation under different line conditions and network voltage fluctuations. The results of simulation show that the parameters of the model are realistic and the model can simulate the real operation of EMU.
In the aspect of EMU load modeling, considering that EMU load varies with EMU operating conditions, load and line conditions, CRH2EMU load model is built and the applicability of the model is analyzed. EMU operates as asynchronous motors and asynchronous generator status, respectively, under traction and braking condition. According to the load configuration and features, the use of asynchronous motors with parallel static load model is made to describe the dynamic load of the vehicle group. With the power disturbance data generated from CRH2model under different speed and voltage disturbance, genetic algorithm is utilized to identify the parameters and model generalization ability is studied. Results show that the load model can describe the dynamic load requirements of EMU under traction and braking conditions. Vary some parameters of the load model to reflect the EMU load changes under different load and line conditions. The results show that this method can effectively improve the applicability of the model.
In the aspect of traction substation power arm load modeling, taking the fact that traction substation power arm load varies with the CRH2quantity, load and line conditions into account, the traction substation power arm load model is built and the applicability of the model is analyzed. Referred to the existing model method of traction substation load, traction substation supply arm load model is established and the parameters is identified using genetic algorithms. Results show that the model can fit the identification of the sample data well. Vary some parameters of traction substation supply arm load model to adapt to the different requirements of substation load under different geographical conditions.
Generally speaking, the load model established in this paper can be realistic to simulate the high-speed rail traction power supply system load characteristics, which is expected to support the theoretical study of the high-speed rail traction power supply system and its impact on the power system analysis.
基于此,根据高铁牵引供电系统工作原理和负荷特性,本文开展了动车组牵引传动系统数字仿真研究,在此基础上利用参数辨识方法进行动车组负荷建模和牵引供电臂负荷建模。
在动乍组牵引传动系统数字仿真方而,针对动车组运行特性受牵引网网压、线路条件、载重影响,建立了CRH2动车组牵引传动系统仿真模型,对不同运行情况进行仿真分析。根据动车组控制原理、牵引制动特性和控制策略,建立CRH2动车组牵引传动系统仿真模型;根据制动减速度计算再生制动力和空气制动力,通过电磁转矩和负载转矩变化模拟电空复合制动,进行牵引、制动全过程仿真；分析线路条件对动车组的影响,通过负载转矩变化表征线路条件变化,进行不同线路条件和网压波动下的动车组运行仿真。仿真结果表明，该模型各项参数均符合实际,能较真实模拟动车组运行。
在动车组负荷建模方而,针对动车组负荷随动车组运行工况、载重和线路条件变化,建立了CRH2动车组负荷模型,并对模型适用性进行分析。动车组牵引电机在牵引和制动工况分别运行在异步电动机和异步发电机状态,根据其负荷构成和特点,采用异步电机并联静态负荷模型来描述动乍组负荷；根据CRH2动车组仿真模型不同速度、不同电压扰动下的功率扰动数据,采用遗传算法进行参数辨识,并进行模型泛化能力验证,结果证明该负荷模型能较好描述动车组牵引和制动工况下的负荷需求：通过改变负荷模型的部分参数,反映不同负载和不同线路条件下的动车组负荷变化情况,结果证明该方法能有效提高该模型的适用性。
在以牵引供电臂为单元的负荷建模方面,针对牵引供电臂负荷随动车组数量、载重及线路条件变化,建立了牵引变电所以供电臂为单元的负荷模型,并对模型适用性进行分析。参考现有文献的牵引供电臂负荷建模思路,建立牵引供电臂负荷模型,并采用遗传算法进行参数辨识,结果证明该模型能较好拟合辨识样本数据；变换牵引供电臂负荷模型部分参数,对供电臂负荷随动车组载重和动车组所处线路条件变化进行适用分析。
综上所述,本论文所建立的负荷模型能够较真实模拟高铁牵引供电系统负荷特性,可望为高铁牵引供电系统理论研究及其对电力系统的影响分析提供支持。
With the rapid development of China's high-speed rail, high-speed rail traction power supply system has become one of the important loads of the power system. But high-speed rail traction load, as a large capacity and strong impact of nonlinear load, would cause a series negative impacts on power network, even undermine the safe and stable operation of the power network. In order to adapt to the rapid development of China's high-speed railway, the study of high-speed rail traction power supply system load modeling is very important to the exact analysis and evaluation of high-speed rail traction power supply system operating status. It is helpful to reduce its impact on the power system and generates great significance in guaranteeing their healthy and coordinated development.
On this basis, according to the working principle and load characteristics of the high-speed rail traction power supply system, simulation modeling of EMU traction drive system is studied in this article. And then, parameter identification method is used to carry out the EMU load modeling and traction power supply arm load modeling research.
In the aspect of EMU traction drive system simulation modeling, since operating characteristics of the EMU is not only affected by the traction network voltage, but also affected by the line conditions and load, CRH2EMU traction drive system simulation model is established, which is used to make simulation analysis under different operating conditions. On the base of studying EMU control principle of traction braking characteristics and control strategy, CRH2EMU traction drive system simulation model is established. According to the brake deceleration, regenerative braking force and the air braking force are calculated. EMU's electromagnetic torque and load torque are changed to analog electro-pneumatic composite braking and then the simulation of whole process of traction and braking is completed. Impact of line conditions on EMU is analyzed and the variation of line conditions is imitated through the load torque variation to carry out EMU operation simulation under different line conditions and network voltage fluctuations. The results of simulation show that the parameters of the model are realistic and the model can simulate the real operation of EMU.
In the aspect of EMU load modeling, considering that EMU load varies with EMU operating conditions, load and line conditions, CRH2EMU load model is built and the applicability of the model is analyzed. EMU operates as asynchronous motors and asynchronous generator status, respectively, under traction and braking condition. According to the load configuration and features, the use of asynchronous motors with parallel static load model is made to describe the dynamic load of the vehicle group. With the power disturbance data generated from CRH2model under different speed and voltage disturbance, genetic algorithm is utilized to identify the parameters and model generalization ability is studied. Results show that the load model can describe the dynamic load requirements of EMU under traction and braking conditions. Vary some parameters of the load model to reflect the EMU load changes under different load and line conditions. The results show that this method can effectively improve the applicability of the model.
In the aspect of traction substation power arm load modeling, taking the fact that traction substation power arm load varies with the CRH2quantity, load and line conditions into account, the traction substation power arm load model is built and the applicability of the model is analyzed. Referred to the existing model method of traction substation load, traction substation supply arm load model is established and the parameters is identified using genetic algorithms. Results show that the model can fit the identification of the sample data well. Vary some parameters of traction substation supply arm load model to adapt to the different requirements of substation load under different geographical conditions.
Generally speaking, the load model established in this paper can be realistic to simulate the high-speed rail traction power supply system load characteristics, which is expected to support the theoretical study of the high-speed rail traction power supply system and its impact on the power system analysis.
引文
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