HX_D2型电力机车牽引变流器控制方法的研究
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摘要
随着国民经济的平稳快速增长,经济总量的上升,对交通运输特别是铁路运输提出了更高的要求。而当前铁路运输能力的不足已成为制约中国经济发展的“瓶颈”,加快大功率交流机车的研制是提高运输能力的必然选择。本文以HXD2型大功率交流机车牵引变流器为研究对象,通过理论分析和仿真试验研究该车的电力牵引传动系统的结构与控制系统。
首先,本文分析了国内外货运重载的发展,结合国内外背景总结了“和谐”系列电力机车的发展历史,介绍了“和谐”系列各车型的基本情况,主要针对HXD2型电力机车具体介绍；
其次,针对机车牵引变流器的前级牵引整流器、中间直流回路、后级牵引逆变器等的电路结构和主要功能做详细阐述；
再次,对牵引整流器所采用的单相两电平电路拓扑结构、工作原理、控制策略以及双闭环预测电流控制原理和实现进行了理论分析；
再次,对牵引逆变器所采用的三相两电平电路结构、工作原理、控制策略、空间矢量调制的原理与算法进行了理论分析；
最后,通过在Matlab中的Simulink建立了单相牵引整流器和三相牵引逆变器的仿真模型,验证理论分析的正确性。
通过理论分析和仿真试验表明,在单相牵引整流器中,其交流侧电流能很好地跟踪上电网电压、保持直流母线电容电压稳定,验证了所提控制策略的正确性。当机车由牵引工况转到制动工况时,此单相整流器可很好地转到逆变工作状态,将电能反馈回牵引网。在三相牵引逆变器中,通过空间矢量调制策略控制三相输出电压,保证牵引电机的气隙旋转磁场为近似圆形,以发挥更好的牵引效果。
With the increase of our national economy,the total economic is rising.Our country had put forward higher requirements on transportation, especially for railway transportation.But the economic development was restricted by insufficient on the current railway transport capacity in China. This paper made a detail on rectifier circuit and inverter circuit about the locomotive of HXD2.
First, the paper analyzed the development of locomotive overload。Combined with the international background.The paper summaried the history of the development of the electric locomotive series of "harmony" and made a detail for HXD2electric locomotive;
Then, the paper made a detail for locomotive traction circuit structure and function of the core part of the current;
Then, the paper analyzed the single-phase2-level rectifier circuit structure,mathematical model,control strategy and average current control algorithm;
Then,the paper analyzed the3-phase-2-level inverter circuit structure,mathematical model,control strategy and SVPWM;
At last,the paper made simulation model of single-phase traction rectifier and3-phase traction inverter under Matlab/Simulink condition.
The simulation results showed that the ac side circuit can track grid voltage:in single-phase traction rectifier.The dc-bus voltage can stable well.The result showed the control strategy is correct. When the locomotive working on braking condition,the single-phase rectifier can work on invertering well.The cuttent put electrical energy back to the traction network.In the3-phase traction inverter circuit,the voltage and fruquency could use for traction motor well.And when the locomotive work on baking,The traction inverter could put energy back to the traction network through the circuit.
首先,本文分析了国内外货运重载的发展,结合国内外背景总结了“和谐”系列电力机车的发展历史,介绍了“和谐”系列各车型的基本情况,主要针对HXD2型电力机车具体介绍；
其次,针对机车牵引变流器的前级牵引整流器、中间直流回路、后级牵引逆变器等的电路结构和主要功能做详细阐述；
再次,对牵引整流器所采用的单相两电平电路拓扑结构、工作原理、控制策略以及双闭环预测电流控制原理和实现进行了理论分析；
再次,对牵引逆变器所采用的三相两电平电路结构、工作原理、控制策略、空间矢量调制的原理与算法进行了理论分析；
最后,通过在Matlab中的Simulink建立了单相牵引整流器和三相牵引逆变器的仿真模型,验证理论分析的正确性。
通过理论分析和仿真试验表明,在单相牵引整流器中,其交流侧电流能很好地跟踪上电网电压、保持直流母线电容电压稳定,验证了所提控制策略的正确性。当机车由牵引工况转到制动工况时,此单相整流器可很好地转到逆变工作状态,将电能反馈回牵引网。在三相牵引逆变器中,通过空间矢量调制策略控制三相输出电压,保证牵引电机的气隙旋转磁场为近似圆形,以发挥更好的牵引效果。
With the increase of our national economy,the total economic is rising.Our country had put forward higher requirements on transportation, especially for railway transportation.But the economic development was restricted by insufficient on the current railway transport capacity in China. This paper made a detail on rectifier circuit and inverter circuit about the locomotive of HXD2.
First, the paper analyzed the development of locomotive overload。Combined with the international background.The paper summaried the history of the development of the electric locomotive series of "harmony" and made a detail for HXD2electric locomotive;
Then, the paper made a detail for locomotive traction circuit structure and function of the core part of the current;
Then, the paper analyzed the single-phase2-level rectifier circuit structure,mathematical model,control strategy and average current control algorithm;
Then,the paper analyzed the3-phase-2-level inverter circuit structure,mathematical model,control strategy and SVPWM;
At last,the paper made simulation model of single-phase traction rectifier and3-phase traction inverter under Matlab/Simulink condition.
The simulation results showed that the ac side circuit can track grid voltage:in single-phase traction rectifier.The dc-bus voltage can stable well.The result showed the control strategy is correct. When the locomotive working on braking condition,the single-phase rectifier can work on invertering well.The cuttent put electrical energy back to the traction network.In the3-phase traction inverter circuit,the voltage and fruquency could use for traction motor well.And when the locomotive work on baking,The traction inverter could put energy back to the traction network through the circuit.
引文
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[2]宋文祥,陈国呈,束满堂,中点箝位式三电平逆变器空间矢量调制及其中点控制研究[J].中国电机工程学报.2006.
[3]B.Laska. IGBT牵引变流器的发展[J].变流技术与电力牵引,2004,Vo15：1-7.
[4]马志刚.牵引变流器[J].变频器世界.2011,2：65-67.
[5]吴林.牵引变流器的仿真研究[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文.2010.10.
[6]徐德鸿.电力电子系统建模及控制[M].机械工业出版社.2005.11.
[7]宋文祥,陈国呈,束满堂,中点箝位式三电平逆变器空间矢量调制及其中点控制研究[J].中国电机工程学报.2006,26(5).
[8]李传琦,盛义发,邹其洪.电力电子技术计算机仿真实验[M].电子工业出版社.2006.02.宋平
[9]窦真兰,张同庄,凌禹.三电平NPC整流器空间矢量脉宽调制及中点电位平衡控制[J].电力自动化设备.2008,Vol.28(2)：65-79.
[10]陈燕平,忻力,李中浩.牵引变流器中支撑电容器研究[J].铁道机车车辆.2011.
[11]王新宇,何英杰,刘进军.注入零序分量SVPWM调制三电平逆变器直流侧中点电压平衡控制机理[J].电工技术学报.2011,Vol.26(5)：70-76.
[12]罗伟.变流技术在动车组上的应用[J].电气与自动化,2008,160-161.
[13]林渭勋,现代电力电子电路[M].浙江：浙江大学出版社,2002.
[14]王志强,开关电源设计[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2006.
[15]刘豹,唐万生,现代控制理论[M].天津：机械工业出版社,2002.
[16]黄忠霖,黄京.电力电子技术的MATLAB实践[M].国防工业出版社.2008.
[17]翁海清,孙旭东,刘丛伟,韦立祥.三电平逆变器直流侧电压平衡控制方法的改进[J].中国电机工程学报.2002,Vo1.22(9)：94-97.
[18]李国丽,史晓峰,姜卫东,王红涛.二极管箝位型多电平逆变器脉宽调制时电容电压均衡方法[J].电工技术学报,2009,Vol.24(7)：110-119.
[19]曹伟华.三电平逆变器异步电机SVPWM控制策略的研究[D]：[硕士学位论文].成都：西南交通大学电气学院,2006.
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[21]史晓峰.二极管箝位型多电平逆变器电容电压平衡问题[D]：[硕士学位论文].合肥：合肥工业大学电气学院.2009.
[22]王莹.单相三电平四象限PWM整流器的建模与仿真[D]：[硕士学位论文].南昌：华东交通大学电气学院,2007.
[23]刘凤君.多电平逆变技术及其应用[M].机械工业出版社,2007.01.
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