城市中央商务区规划设计中室外风环境特性研究
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摘要
随着城市建设的发展,城市中央商务区逐渐在全国各地建设起来。针对这种新的群体建筑形式,其室外物理环境的建设具有重要的意义。而风环境作为室外物理环境的一部分,与我们的生活息息相关,对中央商务区的室外环境舒适、人们的健康和安全以及建筑的节能等方面有着重要的影响。因此对城市中央商务区室外风环境的研究具有理论意义和实践价值。针对室外风环境,对中央商务区的建筑形式、组团布局等规划因素的影响引入定量化指标研究,为中央商务区相关规划设计标准的制订提供可参考的理论基础,为城市建成区的室外风环境评价与改善提供改善方法,对拟建区的室外风环境规划提供科学方法与设计依据,对全国的城市建设以及中央商务区的健康发展有着重要的指导和研究意义。
课题基于已有的对于城市建筑群风环境的研究结果,对中央商务区规划设计中的室外风环境特性进行研究。通过实地调研结果和以及大量的文字资料查阅,得出影响中央商务区室外风环境的风参数指标(来流风向角)和规划设计因子(建筑高度H、侧向距高比λ~A、横向距高比λ~B、距长比τ~A、距宽比τ~B、建筑群迎风面积比ω)共七个可控性的因子,并以此为基础采用正交试验设计法对影响中央商务区室外风环境的各个因子分别进行试验设计。
基于正交试验结果,对不同规划设计条件下的风速分布进行定性的描述性分析与对比。同时,选取能够表征中央商务区建筑群风环境特征的的13个点的试验数据进行归纳整理,对192组试验模型的试验结果进行数据统计分析。利用极差分析法对影响中央商务区室外风环境的各个因子进行对比分析,得出来流风向角、建筑高度H、侧向距高比λ~A、横向距高比λ~B、距长比τ~A、距宽比τ~B、建筑群迎风面积比ω等因素与风速指标平均值和涡旋个数平均值之间的定量化关系,并在分析中得出了不同条件下的最优化因子选择。
With the development of urban construction, urban central business districts are gradually built in all parts of the country. According to this new group building form, the construction of the outdoor physical environment has fundamental significance. A As part of the outdoor physical environment,the outdoor wind environment is related with our life, and has important influence on the comfort of the outdoor environment in the central business district, the health and safety of our people and building energy saving. So the study on the outdoor wind environment of the urban central business district study has theoretical significance and practical value. According to the outdoor wind environment, the planning keys,such as the form of construction, the planning layout,are introduced into quantitative index introduced research.And it provides theoretical basis for the central business district and other planning design standard.,and provides improvement methods for the evaluation and improve of the wind outdoor environment of the city,and it has an important guiding and research significance on the national urban construction and the healthy development of the central business district
In this paper, based on the research results for city building’s wind environment, the outdoor wind environment characteristics of the CBD are studied. According to the field investigation results and text information,seven controllable factors, including the wind parameter (the flow direction angle ) and the design factors (the height of the building H, the longitudinal spacing height ratioλ~A , the lateral spacing height ratioλ~B、, the spacing length ratioτ~A , the spacing width ratioτ~B and the buildings windward area ratioω), can be concluded that affect the CBD outdoor wind environment. On this basis, these factors can be made research separately with the orthogonal experimental design method.
Based on the result of orthogonal test, the distribution of wind speed on different design conditions can be made qualitative descriptive analysis and comparison. Then, choosing 13 point test data, which can characterize the feature of the CBD outdoor wind environment, to analysis the 192 groups of model test results. Using the method of variance to contrast and analysis the factors which effect the CBD outdoor wind environment, to get the quantitative relation among the factors (the flow direction angle , the height of the building H, the longitudinal spacing height ratioλ~A , the lateral spacing height ratioλ~B、, the spacing length ratioτ~A , the spacing width ratioτ~B and the buildings windward area ratioω), the average wind speed indicator and the average of Swirl number. Also, the optimization results of each factor under different conditions can be got.
课题基于已有的对于城市建筑群风环境的研究结果,对中央商务区规划设计中的室外风环境特性进行研究。通过实地调研结果和以及大量的文字资料查阅,得出影响中央商务区室外风环境的风参数指标(来流风向角)和规划设计因子(建筑高度H、侧向距高比λ~A、横向距高比λ~B、距长比τ~A、距宽比τ~B、建筑群迎风面积比ω)共七个可控性的因子,并以此为基础采用正交试验设计法对影响中央商务区室外风环境的各个因子分别进行试验设计。
基于正交试验结果,对不同规划设计条件下的风速分布进行定性的描述性分析与对比。同时,选取能够表征中央商务区建筑群风环境特征的的13个点的试验数据进行归纳整理,对192组试验模型的试验结果进行数据统计分析。利用极差分析法对影响中央商务区室外风环境的各个因子进行对比分析,得出来流风向角、建筑高度H、侧向距高比λ~A、横向距高比λ~B、距长比τ~A、距宽比τ~B、建筑群迎风面积比ω等因素与风速指标平均值和涡旋个数平均值之间的定量化关系,并在分析中得出了不同条件下的最优化因子选择。
With the development of urban construction, urban central business districts are gradually built in all parts of the country. According to this new group building form, the construction of the outdoor physical environment has fundamental significance. A As part of the outdoor physical environment,the outdoor wind environment is related with our life, and has important influence on the comfort of the outdoor environment in the central business district, the health and safety of our people and building energy saving. So the study on the outdoor wind environment of the urban central business district study has theoretical significance and practical value. According to the outdoor wind environment, the planning keys,such as the form of construction, the planning layout,are introduced into quantitative index introduced research.And it provides theoretical basis for the central business district and other planning design standard.,and provides improvement methods for the evaluation and improve of the wind outdoor environment of the city,and it has an important guiding and research significance on the national urban construction and the healthy development of the central business district
In this paper, based on the research results for city building’s wind environment, the outdoor wind environment characteristics of the CBD are studied. According to the field investigation results and text information,seven controllable factors, including the wind parameter (the flow direction angle ) and the design factors (the height of the building H, the longitudinal spacing height ratioλ~A , the lateral spacing height ratioλ~B、, the spacing length ratioτ~A , the spacing width ratioτ~B and the buildings windward area ratioω), can be concluded that affect the CBD outdoor wind environment. On this basis, these factors can be made research separately with the orthogonal experimental design method.
Based on the result of orthogonal test, the distribution of wind speed on different design conditions can be made qualitative descriptive analysis and comparison. Then, choosing 13 point test data, which can characterize the feature of the CBD outdoor wind environment, to analysis the 192 groups of model test results. Using the method of variance to contrast and analysis the factors which effect the CBD outdoor wind environment, to get the quantitative relation among the factors (the flow direction angle , the height of the building H, the longitudinal spacing height ratioλ~A , the lateral spacing height ratioλ~B、, the spacing length ratioτ~A , the spacing width ratioτ~B and the buildings windward area ratioω), the average wind speed indicator and the average of Swirl number. Also, the optimization results of each factor under different conditions can be got.
引文
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[11] Peter J,Richard,Gordon. Simulation and visualization of the wind around downtown city. The PHOENICS Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics and Its Applications, 1999,12(2):224-239.
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[13] Chang C H, Meroney R N. Concentration and flow distributions in urban street canyons: wind2tunnel and computational data [J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2003,91:1141-1154.
[14] Li Lei, Hu Fei, Cheng Xueling, Han Haoyu. The application of computational fluid dynamics to pedestrian level wind safety problem induced by high-rise buildings. Chinese Physics, 2004, 13(5):1009-1963.
[15] Wang B M, Liu HZ, Chen K. Evaluation of Pedestrian winds around tall buildings by numerical approach. Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, 2004, 87(8): 101-112.
[16] Gloria Gomes M, Moret Rodrigues A, Pedro Mendes. Experimental and numerical study of wind pressures on irregular-plan shapes. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2005,93(10):741-756.
[17] Zhang A S,Gao C L, Zhang L. Numerical simulation of the wind field around different building arrangements [J]. Journal of wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2005, 93(12): 891-904.
[18] Cheng Huhu, Wang Fan. Using a CFD approach for the study of street-level winds in a built-up area. Building and Environment, 2005, 40(5):617-631.
[19] Tetsu K, Masao M, Yoshihide T, et al. Wind tunnel tests on the relationship between building density and pedestrian-level wind veloeity: Development of guidelines for realizing a acceptable wind environment in residential neighborhoods [J]. Building and Environment, 2008, 43(10): 1699-1708.
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[21] Blocken B , Roels S , Carmeliet J. Modification of pedestrian wind comfort in the Silvertop Tower passages by an automatic control system [J]. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn, 2004, 92(10):849-873.
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