物流项目的测评标准和方法探讨
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摘要
现代物流是原材料、产成品从起点至终点及相关信息有效流动的全过程，它将产品的运输、仓储、装卸、加工整理、配送、信息等方面有机结合，形成完整的供应链，为用户提供多功能、一体化的综合服务。随着经济全球化，物流作为现代服务经济的支柱和组成部分，将成为我国国民经济新的重要产业和新的经济增长点。目前，我国的物流正经历着蓬勃发展的成长阶段，并受到了国家和相关政府部门的重视，各地政府都已着手研究和制定地区的物流发展规划以及有关的促进政策。为了有助于物流规划的推动和实施，相关物流项目的合理启动和运行必然成为规划中现代物流发展推进政策的重要组成部分。对重点项目和示范工程的科学规划、合理选择以及有效运作是落实物流规划的关键。
本文以物流项目为研究对象，探讨物流项目的测评理论及其在实践中的运用，目的是建立能够客观反映物流项目合理化状况的科学标准和评价方法，通过对项目的价值做出分析和评价，从而肯定项目，运用项目。本文首先通过实证研究，提出物流项目的定义，分析和总结物流项目的特点和构成要素，在对现实的物流项目投资、建设和实施中所出现的问题进行分析的基础上，提出物流项目的三层次递进式测评模型，即从需求的满足度、资源的可得性、效益预期三个层次进行评价，预测项目成功的可能性和未来发展前景，从而对一个特定的物流项目是否必要、能否实现、实现后的效益如何等三个问题做出客观的回答。以此为分析和评价框架，着重对交通基础设施性质(包括公路、场站、码头等)和物流集散接点性质(包括物流基地、物流中心等)两类物流项目进行了相应的测评，并建立综合指标框架。最后，根据测评模型对武昌白沙洲现代钢材物流中心进行了实证分析。
本文在研究初期，充分利用网络及图书馆资源，检索了大量的国内外相关文献，以物流理论、交通学、经济学、管理学等多学科知识为基础，在研究方法上采取定量分析与定性分析相结合、理论分析与案例分析相结合的方法。
Logistics is that part of the supply chain process that plans, implements and controls the efficient, cost-effective flow and storage of raw material, in-process inventory, finished goods and related information from point-of-origin to point of final consumption for the purpose of conforming to customer requirement. Logistics offers multi-functional, integrated synthesis service for user. With the economic globalization, logistics is regarded as the pillar and component of modern service economy, and will become the important industry with new our national economy and new growth engines. At present, the logistics of our country is going through vigorous growth stage, and is being paid attention to by the country and relevant government department, the regional governments have all already set about studying and making the logistics development plan of the area and relevant promotion policies. In order to contribute to the push and implementation of logistics planning, relevant rational arrival an operation o
f logistics project must become logistics service development advance important component of policy plan. The scientific plan of the key item and demonstration project, rational chooses and effective operation is the key to implementing logistics planning.
This text regards logistics project as the research object, probes into the test and assessment theory of the logistics project and application in practice, and the purpose is to set up scientific standard and appraise method that can objectively reflect rationalized state of logistics project, and make analysis and appraise through value in project, thus sure the project, use the project. This text puts forward the definition of the logistics project, analyze and summarize the characteristic and key element of the composition of the logistics project through positive research at first, propose three layers test and assess model of logistics project, that is from meet degree, resource arrival, benefit expect three levels to appraise, predict the possibility that the project succeeds and future development prospect. Thus to answer objectively 3 questions that the project is essential, could be realized, and realized benefit. Regard this as analyses and appraise frame, focus
on two kinds of logistics projects that traffic infrastructure nature (including the highway, station, quay, etc.), and logistics collecting and distributing contact nature(including logistics base, logistics center etc.), to carry on corresponding test and assessment, and set up overall target frame. Finally, analyze the real example to Wuchang Baishazhou modern steel logistics center according to the model of testing and assessing.
This text fully utilized the network and library resource, searched a large number of domestic and international relevant documents on the initial stage of studying, regard multi-disciplinary knowledge as the foundation such as logistics theory, the traffic studying, Economics and management science, etc., adopts combination of quantitative analysis with qualitative analysis and theory analysis with case studying on research method.
本文以物流项目为研究对象，探讨物流项目的测评理论及其在实践中的运用，目的是建立能够客观反映物流项目合理化状况的科学标准和评价方法，通过对项目的价值做出分析和评价，从而肯定项目，运用项目。本文首先通过实证研究，提出物流项目的定义，分析和总结物流项目的特点和构成要素，在对现实的物流项目投资、建设和实施中所出现的问题进行分析的基础上，提出物流项目的三层次递进式测评模型，即从需求的满足度、资源的可得性、效益预期三个层次进行评价，预测项目成功的可能性和未来发展前景，从而对一个特定的物流项目是否必要、能否实现、实现后的效益如何等三个问题做出客观的回答。以此为分析和评价框架，着重对交通基础设施性质(包括公路、场站、码头等)和物流集散接点性质(包括物流基地、物流中心等)两类物流项目进行了相应的测评，并建立综合指标框架。最后，根据测评模型对武昌白沙洲现代钢材物流中心进行了实证分析。
本文在研究初期，充分利用网络及图书馆资源，检索了大量的国内外相关文献，以物流理论、交通学、经济学、管理学等多学科知识为基础，在研究方法上采取定量分析与定性分析相结合、理论分析与案例分析相结合的方法。
Logistics is that part of the supply chain process that plans, implements and controls the efficient, cost-effective flow and storage of raw material, in-process inventory, finished goods and related information from point-of-origin to point of final consumption for the purpose of conforming to customer requirement. Logistics offers multi-functional, integrated synthesis service for user. With the economic globalization, logistics is regarded as the pillar and component of modern service economy, and will become the important industry with new our national economy and new growth engines. At present, the logistics of our country is going through vigorous growth stage, and is being paid attention to by the country and relevant government department, the regional governments have all already set about studying and making the logistics development plan of the area and relevant promotion policies. In order to contribute to the push and implementation of logistics planning, relevant rational arrival an operation o
f logistics project must become logistics service development advance important component of policy plan. The scientific plan of the key item and demonstration project, rational chooses and effective operation is the key to implementing logistics planning.
This text regards logistics project as the research object, probes into the test and assessment theory of the logistics project and application in practice, and the purpose is to set up scientific standard and appraise method that can objectively reflect rationalized state of logistics project, and make analysis and appraise through value in project, thus sure the project, use the project. This text puts forward the definition of the logistics project, analyze and summarize the characteristic and key element of the composition of the logistics project through positive research at first, propose three layers test and assess model of logistics project, that is from meet degree, resource arrival, benefit expect three levels to appraise, predict the possibility that the project succeeds and future development prospect. Thus to answer objectively 3 questions that the project is essential, could be realized, and realized benefit. Regard this as analyses and appraise frame, focus
on two kinds of logistics projects that traffic infrastructure nature (including the highway, station, quay, etc.), and logistics collecting and distributing contact nature(including logistics base, logistics center etc.), to carry on corresponding test and assessment, and set up overall target frame. Finally, analyze the real example to Wuchang Baishazhou modern steel logistics center according to the model of testing and assessing.
This text fully utilized the network and library resource, searched a large number of domestic and international relevant documents on the initial stage of studying, regard multi-disciplinary knowledge as the foundation such as logistics theory, the traffic studying, Economics and management science, etc., adopts combination of quantitative analysis with qualitative analysis and theory analysis with case studying on research method.
引文
1 周立新，陶瑞岩，汪菲．第三方物流项目仿真程序设计与实现．同济大学学报，2003．31(12)：1426-1429
2 叶庆．大中型物流项目系统集成的实施．物流技术与应用，2003．4：47-50
3 宋玮玮．风险评估在物流项目中的应用：[硕士学位论文]．大连：大连海事大学交通运输规划与管理专业，2003
4 上海现代物流教材编写委员会．现代物流管理教程(中级)．上海三联出版社，2003．1
5 刘秉镰，李金辉．现代物流业国际竞争力评价指标体系初探．见：刘秉镰，苏雄义，刘伟光．21世纪两岸三地现代物流发展研究．北京：机械工业出版社，2003．145-157
6 李莉，胡志宽，张建华．物流产业发展与国家(或地区)竞争力提升的测评体系研究．中国机械工程，2003．14(6)：533-536
7 童孟达．论区域现代物流发展评价指标体系．集装箱化，2002．9：11-12
8 林洪．广东物流业发展状况评价及趋势预测．番禺职业技术学院学报，2002．1(3)：34-47
9 顾武，方晓平．物流企业核心竞争力评估体系的构造与应用．长沙铁道学院学报，2003．21(3)：104-107
10 蔡定萍．物流企业竞争力评价．中国物流与采购，2003．17：32-34
11 Donald J. Bowersox, David J. Closs. Logistical Management: The Integrated Supply Chain Process. Mc Graw-Hill, Inc., 1998
12 Michiel R. Leenders. Purchasing and Supply Management, 12th ed. The McGran-Hill Companies, Inc., 2002
13 Harold E. Feason and William A. Bales. Measures of Purchasing Effectiveness. Tempe, AZ: Center for Advanced Purchasing Studies, 1997
14 Center for Advanced Purchasing Studies. www. capsresearch, org/standard, February 2001
15 Martin Christopher．物流与供应链管理：降低成本与改善服务的战略(第2版)．机械工业出版社，2003
16 孙宏岭，戚世钧．现代物流活动绩效分析．中国物资出版社，2001
17 杨平安．传播国际通用管理理论与方法(第四卷)现代物流国际通用管理与成功案例典范．新华出版社，2002．
18 王之泰．现代物流管理．中国工人出版社，2003．7
19 黄福华．零售企业物流绩效的评价与管理．物流天地，2003．3
20 胡怀邦，郝渊晓，刘全洲，等．现代物流管理学．中山大学出版社，2002．10
21 蓝波．浅谈对第三方物流服务的评估方法——运输商服务评估管理模式．物流技术，2002．2：23-24
22 Christopher M, Magrill L, Wills G. Educational development for marketing. International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, 1998, 28 (4) : 234-241
23 Blanchard, Benjamin S. Logistics Engineering and Management. 4th ed. Upper Saddle Rriver, N. J.: Prentice Hall, 1992
24 Anderson M G, Katz P B. Strategic souring. International Journal of Logistics Management, 1998, 9(1):1-13
25 AlvaradoUY, KotzabH. Supply chain management-the integration of logistics in marketing. Industrial Marketing Management, 2001(20): 183-198
26 John Coyle, Edward Bardi, John Lanley. Jr. The Management of Business Logistics: A Supply Chain Perspective, 7th Edition. South-Western College Publishing, 2003
27 佘廉．湖北省现代物流发展规划的战略思考．见：湖北省科学技术协会．现代科技与湖北新型工业化——第二届湖北科技论坛优秀论文集．湖北科学技术出版社，2003．10
28 Harold Kerzner.Project Management:A Systems Approach to Planning，Scheduling, And Controlling(7th Edition).Publishing House of Electronics Industry．2002．9
29 白思俊．现代项目管理．机械工业出版社，2002．4
30 许觉辉．深圳认定9个重点物流项目．南方日报．2003．05．09
31 新闻点击．中国物流与采购，2004．1：6
32 David. I. Kleelan. Project Management Strategic Design & Implementation. China Machine Press, 2002.8
33 Buttrick, R. The Interactive Project Workout, Second Edition. Pearson Education Limited, 2003.1
34 Samuel. J. Mentor. Project Management in Practice. Publishing House of Electronics, 2002.8
35 David. Kleelan, Louis. Alran. Project Management Portable Handbook. China Machine Press, 2002.1
36 国家质量技术监督局．物流术语．2001．8．1
37 俞仲文．国际物流及其相关问题研究．中国区域国际物流高峰会，1999
38 韩彬．我国物流规划中应该注意的问题．中国物流与采购，2003．7
39 盘点中国物流——第三次中国物流专家论坛发言摘要．中国物流与采购，2002．3
40 张国伍．彭宏勤．智能交通系统工程导论．电子工业出版社，2003．9
41 王辰．基础设施融资论．中国人民大学出版社，1998
42 张文春，王辉民．城市交通设施融资的国际经验与借鉴．国家行政学院学报，2001，3
43 白思俊．现代交通项目管理．机械工业出版社，2003．4
44 中国物流与采购联合会．中国物流发展报告(2001年)．北京：中国物资出版社，2002．7
45 中国公路学会《交通工程手册》编委会．交通工程手册．人民交通出版社，1998．5．
46 于冰冰，马建章．投资项目可行性研究指南[M]．中国电力出版社，2002
47 P．达斯古帕塔，S．玛格林．项目评价准则[M]．北京：学术书刊出版社，1989
48 同36
49 同27
50 刘志凯．物流中心系统规划与设计研究：[硕士学位论文]．长安大学交通运输规划与管理专业，2003．6
51 PA Consulting Group. London. 2002
52 新闻点击．政策．交通运输行业今年增长势头恢复向好．中国物流与采购．2004．1：4
53 中国物流与采购联合会．中国物流年鉴2002．中国物资出版社，2003
54 孙宏岭．高效率配送中心的设计与经营．北京：中国物资出版社，2002
2 叶庆．大中型物流项目系统集成的实施．物流技术与应用，2003．4：47-50
3 宋玮玮．风险评估在物流项目中的应用：[硕士学位论文]．大连：大连海事大学交通运输规划与管理专业，2003
4 上海现代物流教材编写委员会．现代物流管理教程(中级)．上海三联出版社，2003．1
5 刘秉镰，李金辉．现代物流业国际竞争力评价指标体系初探．见：刘秉镰，苏雄义，刘伟光．21世纪两岸三地现代物流发展研究．北京：机械工业出版社，2003．145-157
6 李莉，胡志宽，张建华．物流产业发展与国家(或地区)竞争力提升的测评体系研究．中国机械工程，2003．14(6)：533-536
7 童孟达．论区域现代物流发展评价指标体系．集装箱化，2002．9：11-12
8 林洪．广东物流业发展状况评价及趋势预测．番禺职业技术学院学报，2002．1(3)：34-47
9 顾武，方晓平．物流企业核心竞争力评估体系的构造与应用．长沙铁道学院学报，2003．21(3)：104-107
10 蔡定萍．物流企业竞争力评价．中国物流与采购，2003．17：32-34
11 Donald J. Bowersox, David J. Closs. Logistical Management: The Integrated Supply Chain Process. Mc Graw-Hill, Inc., 1998
12 Michiel R. Leenders. Purchasing and Supply Management, 12th ed. The McGran-Hill Companies, Inc., 2002
13 Harold E. Feason and William A. Bales. Measures of Purchasing Effectiveness. Tempe, AZ: Center for Advanced Purchasing Studies, 1997
14 Center for Advanced Purchasing Studies. www. capsresearch, org/standard, February 2001
15 Martin Christopher．物流与供应链管理：降低成本与改善服务的战略(第2版)．机械工业出版社，2003
16 孙宏岭，戚世钧．现代物流活动绩效分析．中国物资出版社，2001
17 杨平安．传播国际通用管理理论与方法(第四卷)现代物流国际通用管理与成功案例典范．新华出版社，2002．
18 王之泰．现代物流管理．中国工人出版社，2003．7
19 黄福华．零售企业物流绩效的评价与管理．物流天地，2003．3
20 胡怀邦，郝渊晓，刘全洲，等．现代物流管理学．中山大学出版社，2002．10
21 蓝波．浅谈对第三方物流服务的评估方法——运输商服务评估管理模式．物流技术，2002．2：23-24
22 Christopher M, Magrill L, Wills G. Educational development for marketing. International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, 1998, 28 (4) : 234-241
23 Blanchard, Benjamin S. Logistics Engineering and Management. 4th ed. Upper Saddle Rriver, N. J.: Prentice Hall, 1992
24 Anderson M G, Katz P B. Strategic souring. International Journal of Logistics Management, 1998, 9(1):1-13
25 AlvaradoUY, KotzabH. Supply chain management-the integration of logistics in marketing. Industrial Marketing Management, 2001(20): 183-198
26 John Coyle, Edward Bardi, John Lanley. Jr. The Management of Business Logistics: A Supply Chain Perspective, 7th Edition. South-Western College Publishing, 2003
27 佘廉．湖北省现代物流发展规划的战略思考．见：湖北省科学技术协会．现代科技与湖北新型工业化——第二届湖北科技论坛优秀论文集．湖北科学技术出版社，2003．10
28 Harold Kerzner.Project Management:A Systems Approach to Planning，Scheduling, And Controlling(7th Edition).Publishing House of Electronics Industry．2002．9
29 白思俊．现代项目管理．机械工业出版社，2002．4
30 许觉辉．深圳认定9个重点物流项目．南方日报．2003．05．09
31 新闻点击．中国物流与采购，2004．1：6
32 David. I. Kleelan. Project Management Strategic Design & Implementation. China Machine Press, 2002.8
33 Buttrick, R. The Interactive Project Workout, Second Edition. Pearson Education Limited, 2003.1
34 Samuel. J. Mentor. Project Management in Practice. Publishing House of Electronics, 2002.8
35 David. Kleelan, Louis. Alran. Project Management Portable Handbook. China Machine Press, 2002.1
36 国家质量技术监督局．物流术语．2001．8．1
37 俞仲文．国际物流及其相关问题研究．中国区域国际物流高峰会，1999
38 韩彬．我国物流规划中应该注意的问题．中国物流与采购，2003．7
39 盘点中国物流——第三次中国物流专家论坛发言摘要．中国物流与采购，2002．3
40 张国伍．彭宏勤．智能交通系统工程导论．电子工业出版社，2003．9
41 王辰．基础设施融资论．中国人民大学出版社，1998
42 张文春，王辉民．城市交通设施融资的国际经验与借鉴．国家行政学院学报，2001，3
43 白思俊．现代交通项目管理．机械工业出版社，2003．4
44 中国物流与采购联合会．中国物流发展报告(2001年)．北京：中国物资出版社，2002．7
45 中国公路学会《交通工程手册》编委会．交通工程手册．人民交通出版社，1998．5．
46 于冰冰，马建章．投资项目可行性研究指南[M]．中国电力出版社，2002
47 P．达斯古帕塔，S．玛格林．项目评价准则[M]．北京：学术书刊出版社，1989
48 同36
49 同27
50 刘志凯．物流中心系统规划与设计研究：[硕士学位论文]．长安大学交通运输规划与管理专业，2003．6
51 PA Consulting Group. London. 2002
52 新闻点击．政策．交通运输行业今年增长势头恢复向好．中国物流与采购．2004．1：4
53 中国物流与采购联合会．中国物流年鉴2002．中国物资出版社，2003
54 孙宏岭．高效率配送中心的设计与经营．北京：中国物资出版社，2002