从安徽某磁选厂尾矿中回收铜及硫代硫酸盐浸金试验研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
本课题针对安徽某磁选厂尾矿进行了铜综合回收及硫代硫酸盐浸金试验研究。该磁选厂尾矿储量巨大,尾矿中铜、金含量较低。金多为不规则粒状分布在黄铁矿裂痕中,个别分布在绿帘石与黄铁矿接触部位;铜矿物主要为黄铜矿,呈不规则粒状、多角状分布,大部分黄铜矿较纯净,其中不含其他矿物,部分黄铜矿裂痕较为发育,裂痕中多被脉石矿物充填,黄铜矿有两种分布形态:(a)呈独立单晶分布;(b)分布在黄铁矿中。
     该磁选厂尾矿实现铜综合回收及硫代硫酸盐浸金是一大难点,目前国内外对磁铁矿尾矿中铜进行综合回收研究的报道也较少。针对该厂难选尾矿,进行了包括该厂尾矿样工艺矿物学、选矿工艺试验及硫代硫酸盐浸金工艺试验等一系列试验研究,并获得以下主要成果:
     (1)查明该磁选厂尾矿为含金硫化矿,金属矿物主要有黄铁矿、黄铜矿,少量的磁铁矿、赤铁矿、白铁矿,微量的磁黄铁矿、自然金等;脉石矿物主要有石英、方解石,少量的石榴子石、绿帘石、长石、云母。对主要有用矿物组分含量、结晶粒度、嵌布关系和分布规律等有了比较清楚地认识。对该矿样而言,可利用金属为铜、金,硫可作为附属产品综合回收。
     (2)针对尾矿矿样性质,找到了综合回收铜的选矿工艺流程:铜硫混浮—铜硫混精再磨一铜硫分离。根据彭会清教授提出的中矿选择性分级磨矿理论,铜硫分离时,中矿除铜硫分离扫二精矿顺序返回外,其余中矿都返回磨矿再磨,形成大循环闭路流程,大大提高了浮选技术指标。通过试验研究最终获得:铜精矿铜品位22.13%,回收率81.88%;硫精矿硫品位46.58%,回收率78.47%;硫精矿中金含量3.38g/t,金回收率91.70%的好指标。
     (3)采用绿色环保的硫代硫酸盐法浸金工艺。通过试验研究找到了从含金硫精矿中浸金的最佳工艺条件:常温常压、矿浆液固比3∶1、硫代硫酸钠75g/L、(NH_4)_2SO_4 50g/L、CuSO_4 5g/L、pH=9.5(氨水调节)、浸出时间4小时。最终从含金硫精矿中浸金,金浸出率达到90%以上的好指标。
     本研究对安徽某磁选厂尾矿中铜、金综合回收,提供了技术上可行、经济上合理的工艺流程和工艺条件。同时,本研究对同类型选矿厂尾矿二次综合开发利用具有一定的指导意义。
Aiming at a magnetic tailings in AnHui, the paper contains recovering Cu and research on thiosulfate leach Au. The tailings have large in the magnetic plant, the content of Cu and Au is low included in tailings. Au distributes in the contact between green screens stone and pyrite; chalcopyrite is the main minerals, showing irregular granular and angular more, most chalcopyrite are more pure and don't contain other minerals, some chalcopyrite crack are more developed, and the crack are more filled with gangue minerals. There are two distributed morphology of chalcopyrite:(a)independent crystal (b) distributed in pyrite.
     The difficulty of the tailings of the magnetic plant is recovering Cu and thiosulfate leach Au. The reports of recovering Cu from magnetite tailing are little home and world. Against the refractory tailings, conducted serial research, including mineralogy, mineral process experiment and thiosulfate leach Au, the main results as follows:
     (1) the magnetic tailings are Au-bearing ores, metal mineral have pyrite, chalcopyrite, and few magnetite, hematite, marcasite, and trace pyrrhotite, natural Au; gangue mineral have quartz, calcite, and few garnet, green screens stone, feldspar, mica. Recognizing the main mineral content, crystal size, inlay relation and distribution law clearly. In terms of the tailings, can recover Cu, Au, S as the accessory product.
     (2) Aiming at the quality of tailing ,find out the process: Cu and S floating mixed- Cu and S mixed concentrate mill again-Cu and S separate. According to the mill theory of middle mine mill selective again, when Cu and S separate, except Cu and S separation sweep second and concentrate, others mill again, finally form closed cycle process, can increase flotation index dramatically. The last index: Cu22.13%, recovery rate 81.88%; S46.58%, recovery rate78.47%; Au3.38g/t, recovery rate 91.70%.
     (3) Adopting the process of the green environmental protection thiosulfate leach Au. Find the optimum condition: at normal temperature and pressure, l:s=3:l, sodium thiosulfate 75g/l, (NH_4)_2SO_450g/l, CuSO_45g/l, pH=9.5(NH_3·H_2O), 4h. The leaching rate is 90%.
     This paper supplies the technical feasible and economic reasonable process cycle and condition, at the same time, has guidance significance for second tap tailing.
引文
[1] 杨久流.尾矿中有价矿产资源的综合回收与利用.有色金属,2002.(3):86~89
    [2] 殷俐娟.中国铜资源现状及可持续供应对策.国土资源,2003.(5):60~61
    [3] 刘人.冶金矿山尾矿的综合利用.冶金环境保护,2001.(3):36~37
    [4] 颜学军.矿山尾矿资源的综合利用和环境保护.稀有金属与硬质合金,2005.9
    [5] 陈晓东.金川选矿尾矿再选新技术研究:[工程硕士学位论文].昆明:昆明理工大学,2006
    [6] 张金青.我国矿山尾矿二次资源的开发利用.新材料产业,2007.(5):18~24
    [7] 张淑会,薛向欣,刘然等.尾矿综合利用现状及其展望.矿冶工程,2005.(3):44~47
    [8] 戴慧新,张宗华.铜尾矿综合利用研究.有色金属矿.2001.(1):38~40
    [9] 刘雁鹰,杨秦莉.金堆城钼尾矿中铜铁硫的综合回收.中国矿山工程,2004.(3):15~17
    [10] 卢颖,孙胜义.我国矿山尾矿生产现状及综合治理利用.矿业工程,2007.(4):53~56
    [11] 张锦瑞,李富平.金属矿山尾矿综合利用现状.河北冶金,2003.(1):3~4,15
    [12] 张淑会,薛向欣,刘然,金在峰.尾矿综合利用现状及其展望.矿冶工程,2005.(6):44~47
    [13] 彭会清.中矿选择性分级再磨工艺.中国专利,98113134.4,1998-10-07
    [14] 刘江浩,彭会清.中矿选择性分级再磨新工艺的工业应用.矿产综合利用,1999(4):12~15
    [15] 武培勇,张启富,宋绍辉等.中矿选择性再磨在凤凰山铜矿的应用研究.2004.(1):44~46
    [16] 王晶岩,姜国积.浮选药剂的作用及应用.煤炭技术.2006.4(4):85~87
    [17] 邱冠周,伍喜庆,王毓华等.近年浮选进展.金属矿山.2006.(1):41~52
    [18] 朱建光.2005年浮选药剂的进展.国外金属矿选矿.2006.(3):4~13
    [19] M·G·艾尔莫尔等.金的硫代硫酸盐浸出法评述.国外金属矿选矿,2001.(5):2~6
    [20] 姜涛,提金化学.湖南:科学技术出版社,1998
    [21] D.Zipperian等,用氨性硫代硫酸盐从流纹岩矿石中浸出金利银.Hydrometallurgy,1988.(19):361~375
    [22] 李月娥,戴厚晨等.用硫代硫酸盐浸出贵金属的热力学分析.贵金属,1984.(3):10~19
    [23] 蒙星辉.Au-NH_3-H_2O体系的电位-pH图及其热力学分析.化工冶金,1998.(3):56~60
    [24] 黎林译.金的硫代硫酸盐浸出法评述.国外金属矿选矿,2001.(5):2~19
    [25] 张艮林.绿色环保技术浸出难处理金银矿石的试验与机理研究:[硕士学位论文].昆明:昆明理工大学,2003
    [26] 童雄等.绿色坏保新技术-硫代硫酸盐法提取难处理物料中金银的研究,2002年全国金属矿产资源高效开发和固体废物综合利用技术交流会论文,金属矿山(增刊)2002:71~74
    [27] 姜涛等.硫代硫酸盐消耗规律与含铜金矿的浸出.矿冶工程,1996.(1):46~48
    [28] 张云,李鸿雷.硫代硫酸氨法从焙烧后的某含铜硫金精矿中回收金.黄金,1999(7):32~35
    [29] Philip A Schmitz, Saskia Duyvesteyn, William P, Johnson et al. Ammoniacal thiosulfate and sodium cyanide leaching of pergrobbing Goldstrike ore carbonaceous matter. Hydrometall urgy, 2001. 60: 25~40
    [30] Aylmore M G and Muir D M. Thiosulfate leaching of gold-A Review, Minerals Engineering. 2001. 14(2): 135~174
    [31] Jack SMc Partland and Renato G. Bautista. Leaching of precious metal ores using thiosulfate. Metal Separation Technologies Beyond 2000: integrating Novel Chemistry With Processing Edited by K. C. Liddell and D. J. Chaiko, The Minerals, Metals Materials Soeirty, 1999
    [32] 童雄,Valdivieso等.绿色新技术硫代硫酸盐法浸出墨西哥某低品位、难处理金矿石的研究.有色金属(选矿部分),2002.(4):42~45
    [33] 杨中民,杨春芬等.含砷难浸金矿的硫代硫酸盐法浸金.云南大学学报:自然科学版,1997(5):508~514
    [34] 李汝雄,邝生鲁.硫代硫酸盐法添加氯化钠和十二烷基磺酸钠浸取金矿石中的金.化工冶金,1998.(1):77~82
    [35] 朱建光.浮选药剂[M].冶金工业出版社,1993.
    [36] 姜涛,胡熙庚.关于难选金矿石的处理[J].黄金,1991.(5):26~31
    [37] 陶元杰.黄金.1987,NO.3,41~47
    [38] 董智虞等译“某些金矿难以氰化的原因及其处理途径,”[J].矿产综合利用,1998,N0.2,85~93
    [39] H. Von. Michaeis, "Innovation in gold and silver recovery"[J]. The proceedings of 14th international symposium on mineral processing, 1982, 10
    [40] 柯家骏.难浸金矿氰化提金的现状与问题[J].黄金科学技术,1998,(6):32~34.
    [41] J. B. Hiskey, "Thiourea Leaching of Gold and Silver-Technology update and Additional Application"[J]. Minerals and Metallurgical processing, Vol,1, November 1981, 173~179
    [42] R. G. Schulze, "New Aspects in Thiourea Leaching of Precious Metal"[J]. Journal of Metal. Vol.36, NO.6 June 1984, 62~65
    [43] G. Deschenes, "Leaching of Gold from Chalcopyrite Concentrate by Thiourea"[J]. Hydro-metallurgy, 20(1998)179~202
    [44] D. Zipperian etc., "Gold and Silver Extraction by Anunoniacal Thiosulfate Leaching from a Rhyolite ore"[J]. Hydro-metallurgy, 19(1988)361-375
    [45] J. B. Hiskey etc., "Dissolution chemistry of Gold and Silver in Different Lixiviants"[J]. Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, 1988, Vol.4, 95~134
    [46] 王康林.难处理金矿石的细菌氧化预处理研究现状[J].黄金科学技术,2001.(1):19~24
    [47] 周源,陈江安.非氰药剂浸金进展[J].南方金属,2003.(10):6~8
    [48] 李桂春.非氰化提金技术的发展[J].中国矿业,2003.(12):2~5
    [49] 童雄等,绿色环保新技术—硫代硫酸盐法提取难处理物料中金银的研究,2002年全国金属矿产资源高效开发和固体废物综合利用技术交流会论文,金属矿山(增刊)2002:71-74
    [50] Aylmore MG and Muir DM. Thiosulfate leaching of gold—A Review, Minerals Engineering. 2001, 14(2): 135~174
    [51] Philip A Schmitz, Saskia Duyvesteyn, William P, Johnson, et al. Ammoniacal thiosulfate and sodium cyanide leaching of pergrobbing Goldstrike ore carbonaceous matter. Hydrometallurgy, 2001, 60: 25~40
    [52] 姜涛,许时,陈荩.含铜金矿硫代硫酸盐提金理论研究—金溶解动力学,黄金,1992(1):35~38
    [53] 许时.矿石可选性研究(修订版)[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1995.10:176~180
    [54] 张文阁译.金在硫代硫酸盐介质中溶解时活化机理的研究,有色矿冶,1991.(6):23~26
    [55] 姜涛,许时,陈荩.硫代硫酸盐提金理论研究-金溶解动力学黄,黄金属,1992.(1):35~38
    [56] 龚乾,胡洁雪.铜氨溶液中亚硫酸根硫代硫酸根的氧化,黄金,1994.(2):53~5
    [57] 龚乾,胡洁雪,曹吕琳.硫酸根存在下硫代硫酸盐溶液浸出硫化金精矿中金的动力学研究,中国有色金属学报,1994.(1):16~20
    [58] 朱国才,陈家镛,邓彤.硫代硫酸盐浸金原理与新过程研究.中国金矿研究新进展-黄金取研究与开发,1996.(3)

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700