随深度变化的地震动相干性研究
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摘要
地震地面运动是一复杂的时空过程,同一次地震中不同场点的地震运动过程是不同的,这是因为地震波在传播过程中具有行波效应、相干效应、局部场地效应和衰减效应的影响。我们知道,在进行工程结构抗震设计时均应考虑地震动空间变异性的影响,因此,地震动空间相干性研究就成为地震动输入研究的基础,是近年来地震工程和结构抗震设计研究的重点。另一方面,进行地震动空间相干性研究对于地震危险性分析、损失评估、灾后救援及灾后重建等工作都具有十分重要的意义。
本文利用美国加州强震观察计划的Treasure Island台阵的6次地震、La Cienega台阵的14次地震和Eureka Samoa台阵的3次地震的强震记录,计算了各个台阵地表与土层不同深度处以及土层最深处与以上各场点的地震动相干函数,运用随机统计方法系统地研究了地震动相干函数在不同深度、不同场地条件、不同地震震中距情况下水平分量和竖向分量的变化规律,并提出了合理的经验相干函数模型,得出地震动空间相干性的一般规律。考虑具体研究内容归纳如下：
第一部分：本文利用CSMIP3个台阵在23次地震中取得的303条地震记录,应用平均周期图法分别计算了Treasure Island台阵、La Cienega台阵和Eureka Samoa台阵在各自场地条件下地表与以下各场点的地震动相干函数及土层最深处与以上各场点的地震动相干函数。
第二部分：考虑到场地条件、震源情况及传播途径对地震动相干性的影响。本文采用随机统计方法研究地震动相干性,并提出了在不同土层深度处,与震中距、频率及场点间距相关的相干函数模型。
第三部分：整理了三个台站的回归信息,得到三个台阵分别在地表(0m)与以下-10m、-30m、-100m处及土层最深处(-100m)与以上-90m、-70m、Om处,且在震中距分别为10Km、30km、60km、100km时的相干函数来说明地震动在空间不同点的相干性变化规律。
Earthquake ground motion is a complex temporal and spatial process, the ground motion differs in location in one earthquake, due to the effects of wave passage, incoherence, site response and attenuation. The spatial coherency relationship of ground motion is becoming a key concern of earthquake engineering and seismic design research-for the reason that it is a basis for the study of spatial variability of ground motion and also plays a significant role in seismic hazard analysis, loss assessment, disaster relief and reconstruction, etc.
The ground motion coherence analysis with variation of depths of soil layer is performed using three array's strong motion recordings including six earthquakes of Treasure Island array, fourteen earthquakes of La-Cienega array and three earthquakes of Eureka Samoa array in California Strong Motion Instrumentation Program. The regularity the ground motion coherence with change of depth, site condition, and earthquake epicenter distance is studied through this process. A reasonable experience coherence model is presented. The details of this dissertation are as follows:
Part Ⅰ:The ground motion coherence of both the ground surface with different depth of soil layer and the deepest point of soil layer with different points above are calculated at Tre(?)ure Island array, La-Cienega array and Eureka Samoa array, using average periodogram algorithm based on303seismic recordings in23earthquake of three CSMIP arrays.
Part Ⅱ:Considering the influence of site condition, epicenter and transmission route, the ground motion coherence with change of depth of soil layer, earthquake epicenter distance, frequency and distance of area points is studied using the random statistical method.
Part Ⅲ:After arrangement the regression information of three arrays, the coherency function of three arrays is obtained at the depth of Om to-10m,0m to-30m,0m to-100m,-100m to-90m,100m to-70m and-100m to0m with different earthquake epicenter distance of10km,30km,60km and100km to illustrate coherency the variation law of correlation of ground motion in different spatial points.
本文利用美国加州强震观察计划的Treasure Island台阵的6次地震、La Cienega台阵的14次地震和Eureka Samoa台阵的3次地震的强震记录,计算了各个台阵地表与土层不同深度处以及土层最深处与以上各场点的地震动相干函数,运用随机统计方法系统地研究了地震动相干函数在不同深度、不同场地条件、不同地震震中距情况下水平分量和竖向分量的变化规律,并提出了合理的经验相干函数模型,得出地震动空间相干性的一般规律。考虑具体研究内容归纳如下：
第一部分：本文利用CSMIP3个台阵在23次地震中取得的303条地震记录,应用平均周期图法分别计算了Treasure Island台阵、La Cienega台阵和Eureka Samoa台阵在各自场地条件下地表与以下各场点的地震动相干函数及土层最深处与以上各场点的地震动相干函数。
第二部分：考虑到场地条件、震源情况及传播途径对地震动相干性的影响。本文采用随机统计方法研究地震动相干性,并提出了在不同土层深度处,与震中距、频率及场点间距相关的相干函数模型。
第三部分：整理了三个台站的回归信息,得到三个台阵分别在地表(0m)与以下-10m、-30m、-100m处及土层最深处(-100m)与以上-90m、-70m、Om处,且在震中距分别为10Km、30km、60km、100km时的相干函数来说明地震动在空间不同点的相干性变化规律。
Earthquake ground motion is a complex temporal and spatial process, the ground motion differs in location in one earthquake, due to the effects of wave passage, incoherence, site response and attenuation. The spatial coherency relationship of ground motion is becoming a key concern of earthquake engineering and seismic design research-for the reason that it is a basis for the study of spatial variability of ground motion and also plays a significant role in seismic hazard analysis, loss assessment, disaster relief and reconstruction, etc.
The ground motion coherence analysis with variation of depths of soil layer is performed using three array's strong motion recordings including six earthquakes of Treasure Island array, fourteen earthquakes of La-Cienega array and three earthquakes of Eureka Samoa array in California Strong Motion Instrumentation Program. The regularity the ground motion coherence with change of depth, site condition, and earthquake epicenter distance is studied through this process. A reasonable experience coherence model is presented. The details of this dissertation are as follows:
Part Ⅰ:The ground motion coherence of both the ground surface with different depth of soil layer and the deepest point of soil layer with different points above are calculated at Tre(?)ure Island array, La-Cienega array and Eureka Samoa array, using average periodogram algorithm based on303seismic recordings in23earthquake of three CSMIP arrays.
Part Ⅱ:Considering the influence of site condition, epicenter and transmission route, the ground motion coherence with change of depth of soil layer, earthquake epicenter distance, frequency and distance of area points is studied using the random statistical method.
Part Ⅲ:After arrangement the regression information of three arrays, the coherency function of three arrays is obtained at the depth of Om to-10m,0m to-30m,0m to-100m,-100m to-90m,100m to-70m and-100m to0m with different earthquake epicenter distance of10km,30km,60km and100km to illustrate coherency the variation law of correlation of ground motion in different spatial points.
引文
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[17]李爽,谢礼立,郝敏.地震动参数及结构整体破坏相干性研究[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2007,39(4)：505-560.
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[19]徐龙军,于海英,曹文海等.汶川地震远场地震动场地相干性与分析方法评价[J].地震学学报,2010(2)：175-183.
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[27]丁海平,宋贞霞.震源参数对地震动相干函数的影响[J].振动与冲击,2010,29(7)：16-18.
[28]丁海平,金星,刘启方.场地条件对地震动相干函数的影响[J].地震工程与工程振动,2003.
[29]郑飞,叶继红.空间地震动场的想干性研究[J].振动与冲击,2009,28(6)：23-28.
[30]王国新,史家平.随机有限断层法合成地震动及其相干性研究[J].振动与冲击,2010.
[31]陈原,李杰.非一致激励条件下工程场地地震动相干函数的数值模拟——1分析原理和方法[J].地震工程与工程振动,2006,26(1)：30-35.
[32]陈原,李杰.非一致激励条件下工程场地地震动相干函数的数值模拟——11分析方法的应用[J].地震工程与工程振动,2006,26(1)：36-42.
[33]陶夏新,刘海明,路建波.合成地震动场的相干性检验[J].土木建筑与环境工程,2010,32(2)：71-73.
[34]Baker J W, Cornell C A. Correlation of response spectral values for multicomponent ground motions [J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America.2006,96(1): 215-221.
[35]Goda K, Hong HP. Spatial correlation of peak ground motions and response spectra[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America.2008,98(1):354.
[36]杨俊.集集地震地震动衰减特性和相干性研究[D].哈尔滨工业大学,2011.
[37]王岱,屈铁军,梁建文.地震动空间相干性对地下连续管线的影响[J].振动工程学报,2010,23(2)：145-150.
[38]田玉基,杨庆山.基于相位差谱的空间相关非平稳地震动场的模拟[J].计算力学工程学报2010,27(5)：828-833.
[39]史家平.地震动合成方法比较与研究[D].大连理工大学硕士毕业论文,2008.
[40]Kawakami H, Mogi H.Analyzing spatial intraevent variability of peak ground acceleration as a function of separation distance[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America.2003,93(3):107.
[41]冯启民,胡聿贤.空间相关地面运动的数学模型[J].地震工程与工程振动,1981,1(2)：1-8.
[42]Ding H P, Liu Q F, Jin X and Yuan Y F. A Coherency function model of ground motion at base rock corresponding to strike-slip fault [J].AC-TA Seismologica Sinica, 2004,17(1):64-69.
[43]Abrahamson N A, Schneider J E, Stepp J C. Empirical spatial coherency functions for application to sonil-structure in teraction analysis[J]. Earthq Spectra, 1991,7(1):1-27.
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[2]齐文浩.土层地震反应分析方法的比较研究[D].黑龙江哈尔滨,中国地震局工程力学研究所硕士学位论文,2004.
[3]胡进军.地下地震动参数研究[D].黑龙江哈尔滨,中国地震局工程力学研究所硕士毕业论文,2010.
[4]全伟,李宏男.大跨结构多维多点输入抗震研究进展[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2006,26(3)343-350.
[5]白建方.场地土层地震反应分析导论[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,2010.
[6]克拉夫,彭津.结构动力学[M].高等教育出版社,2006.
[7]黄玉平,刘季.双向水平地震动的空间相干性[J].哈尔滨建筑工程学院学报,1987,(3)：10-14.
[8]刘海明,陶夏新,唐光武.大跨桥梁非一致地震动输入的研究进展[J].世界地震工程学报,2011,27(4)：57-72.
[9]Luco J E, Wong H L. Response of a rigid foundation to a spatially random ground motion [J]. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics,1986,14(6):891-908.
[10]程纬,易建伟.地震动空间变化的相干函数模型[J].工程力学,1998,增刊.
[11]Harichandran RS and Vanmarcke EH. Stochastic variation of earthquake ground motion in space and time [J]. Eng. Mech. Div.,1986,112:154-174.
[12]钟菊芳,胡晓,屈铁军.同一测点不同地震动分量空间相干性分析[J].地震研究,2005,28(4)：378-382.
[13]李英民,赖明,白绍良.三维地震动强度非平稳特性的相干性研究[J].重庆建筑大学学报,2000,22：67-73.增刊.
[14]刘先明,叶继红,李爱群.竖向地震动场的空间相干函数模型[J].工程力学,2004,21(2)：140-144.
[15]冯启民,胡聿贤.空间相关地面运动的数学模型[J].地震工程与工程振动,1981,1(2)：1-8.
[16]王君杰,陈虎.面向设计应用的地震动空间相干函数模型[J].地震工程与工程振动,2007,27(1)：16-23.
[17]李爽,谢礼立,郝敏.地震动参数及结构整体破坏相干性研究[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2007,39(4)：505-560.
[18]路建波.模拟的近断裂地震动场的空间相干性[D].黑龙江哈尔滨,中国地震局工程力学研究所,2008.
[19]徐龙军,于海英,曹文海等.汶川地震远场地震动场地相干性与分析方法评价[J].地震学学报,2010(2)：175-183.
[20]P. K. Somerville, K. Irikura,R. Graves, S. Sawada. T. Kagawa, N. Smith. Characterizing crustal Earthquake Slip Models for the Prediction of Strong Ground Motion[J]. Seism. Res. Lett.,1999,70(1):59-80.
[21]A. D. Kiureghian, A coherency model for spatially varying ground motions[J]. Earthq. eng. steuct. dyn.,1996,25,99-111.
[22]李玉刚.大跨结构地震空间相干性效应研究[D].哈尔滨工业大学,2009.
[23]Mcguire RK. Seismic Risk to Lifeline Systems:Critical Variables and Sensitivities. Proc. of 9th WCEE.1988:2-9.
[24]Wesson R L, Perkins DM. Spatial correlation of probabilistic earthquake ground motion and loss[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America.2001,91 (6):1498.
[25]刘志明,杜成斌,孙立国.空间相关非平稳地震动反应谱拟合[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2009(6)：675-679.
[26]丁海平,刘启方.基岩地震动的一个相干函数模型-未滑断层情形[J].地震工程学报,2004,26：62-57.
[27]丁海平,宋贞霞.震源参数对地震动相干函数的影响[J].振动与冲击,2010,29(7)：16-18.
[28]丁海平,金星,刘启方.场地条件对地震动相干函数的影响[J].地震工程与工程振动,2003.
[29]郑飞,叶继红.空间地震动场的想干性研究[J].振动与冲击,2009,28(6)：23-28.
[30]王国新,史家平.随机有限断层法合成地震动及其相干性研究[J].振动与冲击,2010.
[31]陈原,李杰.非一致激励条件下工程场地地震动相干函数的数值模拟——1分析原理和方法[J].地震工程与工程振动,2006,26(1)：30-35.
[32]陈原,李杰.非一致激励条件下工程场地地震动相干函数的数值模拟——11分析方法的应用[J].地震工程与工程振动,2006,26(1)：36-42.
[33]陶夏新,刘海明,路建波.合成地震动场的相干性检验[J].土木建筑与环境工程,2010,32(2)：71-73.
[34]Baker J W, Cornell C A. Correlation of response spectral values for multicomponent ground motions [J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America.2006,96(1): 215-221.
[35]Goda K, Hong HP. Spatial correlation of peak ground motions and response spectra[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America.2008,98(1):354.
[36]杨俊.集集地震地震动衰减特性和相干性研究[D].哈尔滨工业大学,2011.
[37]王岱,屈铁军,梁建文.地震动空间相干性对地下连续管线的影响[J].振动工程学报,2010,23(2)：145-150.
[38]田玉基,杨庆山.基于相位差谱的空间相关非平稳地震动场的模拟[J].计算力学工程学报2010,27(5)：828-833.
[39]史家平.地震动合成方法比较与研究[D].大连理工大学硕士毕业论文,2008.
[40]Kawakami H, Mogi H.Analyzing spatial intraevent variability of peak ground acceleration as a function of separation distance[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America.2003,93(3):107.
[41]冯启民,胡聿贤.空间相关地面运动的数学模型[J].地震工程与工程振动,1981,1(2)：1-8.
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