荧光法测定小檗碱的新方法研究
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摘要
小檗碱(Berberine, BR),亦称黄连素,是一种重要的异喹啉生物碱。它是一种平面结构的药物,具有潜在抗癌功效,对其进行简单、灵敏的测定具有重要的临床医学意义。小檗碱的水溶液几乎不具有荧光,所以不能用常规荧光法直接测定小檗碱。本研究表明可以通过改善小檗碱的介质微环境,增强小檗碱的荧光,从而建立了测定小檗碱的荧光分析新方法,具体工作如下：
一、以离子液体[Bmim][BF4]为微介质荧光法测定小檗碱
离子液体(Ionic Liquid, IL)是指在室温或接近室温下呈现液态,完全由阴、阳离子所组成的低温熔融盐。与传统有机溶剂相比,离子液体具有不挥发、不可燃、导电性强、粘度很大、熔点低,溶解性好等优点。本研究发现将一定浓度的离子液体[Bmim][BF4]加入到小檗碱溶液时,小檗碱的荧光显著增强。据此现象,建立了一种简单测定小檗碱的新分析方法。详细考察了实验条件对此体系荧光强度的影响。在优化的实验条件下,小檗碱的浓度在1.0×10-6-1.0×10-4g/mL范围内与体系的荧光强度呈良好的线性关系(相关系数是0.9924,n=12)。本法检出限为0.13μg/mL。将此方法用于实际样品复方黄连素片中的小檗碱含量进行检测,结果令人满意。
二、以G-四聚体DNA为微介质荧光法测定小檗碱
G-四聚体DNA是指富含鸟嘌呤(G)的单链DNA在某些配体的诱导下通过G碱基间Hoogsteen氢键形成G-四链体,G-四链体进一步通过非共价的π-π堆积结合成的DNA分子的二级结构。本研究表明在钾离子存在下,小檗碱可以诱导富G单链DNA (G-rich DNA,5'-GGTTGGTGTGGTTGG-3')形成G-四聚体结构,此小檗碱-G-四聚体复合体具有很强的荧光。据此现象,建立了一种简单测定小檗碱的新分析方法。通过紫外-可见光谱、荧光光谱、圆二色光谱等手段,研究此体系荧光机理。在优化的实验条件下,小檗碱的浓度在1.0×10-8-1.0×10-5g/mL范围内与体系的荧光强度呈良好的线性关系(相关系数是0.9950,n=14)。本法检出限为1.2ng/mL。本法具有操作简单、灵敏度高、选择性高、线性范围宽等优点。
Berberine is an active substance of traditional eastern herbal medicine. It has multiple pharmacological effects, including inhibiting acetylcholinesterase, reducing cholesterol and glucose, lowering mortality in patients with chronic congestive heart failure, as well as immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory. Berberine exhibits very weak fluorescence emission in aqueous solution, which means that berberine cannot be detected directly in aqueous solution by normal fluorimetric method. Herein, we proposed the two fluorescence methods for determination of berberine through optimizing the micro-environment of berberine.
1. Fluoresence method for detection of berberine using ionic liquid [Bmim][BF4] as micro-environment medium
In this work, the great increase of the fluorescence intensity of berberine was observed when ionic liquid [Bmim][BF4] was added into the aqueous solution of berberine. Based on the phenomenon, a spectrofluorimetric method with high sensitivity and selectivity was developed for the determination of berberine. At optimum conditions, the linear relationship was obtained in the range of1.0×10-6-1.0×10-4g/mL with the relative coefficient of0.9924, and the detection limit was0.13μg/mL. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of berberine in pharmaceutical dosage preparations.
2. Fluoresence method for detection of berberine using G-quadruplex as micro-environment medium
In this work, a novel fluorescent method for berberine is presented using G-rich DNA as probe. In the presence of K+, berberine could bind G-rich DNA to form berberine-G-quadruplex complex, and the berberine-G-quadruplex complex performed the strong fluorescence emission. The fluorescence intensity of the berberine-G-quadruplex complex increased linearly with increasing berberine concentration in the range of1.0×10-8-1.0×10-5g/mL with the relative coefficient of0.9950, and the detection limit was1.2ng/mL. The turn-on fluorescent assay is simple, inexpensive, and highly sensitive. The mechanisms, which produce strong fluorescence of berberine-G-quadruplex complex, were discussed.
一、以离子液体[Bmim][BF4]为微介质荧光法测定小檗碱
离子液体(Ionic Liquid, IL)是指在室温或接近室温下呈现液态,完全由阴、阳离子所组成的低温熔融盐。与传统有机溶剂相比,离子液体具有不挥发、不可燃、导电性强、粘度很大、熔点低,溶解性好等优点。本研究发现将一定浓度的离子液体[Bmim][BF4]加入到小檗碱溶液时,小檗碱的荧光显著增强。据此现象,建立了一种简单测定小檗碱的新分析方法。详细考察了实验条件对此体系荧光强度的影响。在优化的实验条件下,小檗碱的浓度在1.0×10-6-1.0×10-4g/mL范围内与体系的荧光强度呈良好的线性关系(相关系数是0.9924,n=12)。本法检出限为0.13μg/mL。将此方法用于实际样品复方黄连素片中的小檗碱含量进行检测,结果令人满意。
二、以G-四聚体DNA为微介质荧光法测定小檗碱
G-四聚体DNA是指富含鸟嘌呤(G)的单链DNA在某些配体的诱导下通过G碱基间Hoogsteen氢键形成G-四链体,G-四链体进一步通过非共价的π-π堆积结合成的DNA分子的二级结构。本研究表明在钾离子存在下,小檗碱可以诱导富G单链DNA (G-rich DNA,5'-GGTTGGTGTGGTTGG-3')形成G-四聚体结构,此小檗碱-G-四聚体复合体具有很强的荧光。据此现象,建立了一种简单测定小檗碱的新分析方法。通过紫外-可见光谱、荧光光谱、圆二色光谱等手段,研究此体系荧光机理。在优化的实验条件下,小檗碱的浓度在1.0×10-8-1.0×10-5g/mL范围内与体系的荧光强度呈良好的线性关系(相关系数是0.9950,n=14)。本法检出限为1.2ng/mL。本法具有操作简单、灵敏度高、选择性高、线性范围宽等优点。
Berberine is an active substance of traditional eastern herbal medicine. It has multiple pharmacological effects, including inhibiting acetylcholinesterase, reducing cholesterol and glucose, lowering mortality in patients with chronic congestive heart failure, as well as immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory. Berberine exhibits very weak fluorescence emission in aqueous solution, which means that berberine cannot be detected directly in aqueous solution by normal fluorimetric method. Herein, we proposed the two fluorescence methods for determination of berberine through optimizing the micro-environment of berberine.
1. Fluoresence method for detection of berberine using ionic liquid [Bmim][BF4] as micro-environment medium
In this work, the great increase of the fluorescence intensity of berberine was observed when ionic liquid [Bmim][BF4] was added into the aqueous solution of berberine. Based on the phenomenon, a spectrofluorimetric method with high sensitivity and selectivity was developed for the determination of berberine. At optimum conditions, the linear relationship was obtained in the range of1.0×10-6-1.0×10-4g/mL with the relative coefficient of0.9924, and the detection limit was0.13μg/mL. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of berberine in pharmaceutical dosage preparations.
2. Fluoresence method for detection of berberine using G-quadruplex as micro-environment medium
In this work, a novel fluorescent method for berberine is presented using G-rich DNA as probe. In the presence of K+, berberine could bind G-rich DNA to form berberine-G-quadruplex complex, and the berberine-G-quadruplex complex performed the strong fluorescence emission. The fluorescence intensity of the berberine-G-quadruplex complex increased linearly with increasing berberine concentration in the range of1.0×10-8-1.0×10-5g/mL with the relative coefficient of0.9950, and the detection limit was1.2ng/mL. The turn-on fluorescent assay is simple, inexpensive, and highly sensitive. The mechanisms, which produce strong fluorescence of berberine-G-quadruplex complex, were discussed.
引文
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