电动汽车电机控制器研究
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摘要
当今社会,汽车已成为人们不可或缺的交通工具,汽车的发展水平也成为了衡量一个国家经济、科技发展水平的重要标志。随着能源问题与环境问题的日益严重,以混合动力、纯电动汽车和燃料电池汽车为代表的电动汽车进入了人们的视野,成为汽车产业的重要发展方向。
电机、驱动器和电机控制器作为电动汽车的主要部件,在电动汽车整车系统中起着非常重要的作用,其相关领域的研究具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。永磁电机具有高效、高功率密度及良好的调速性能,正逐渐地成为电动汽车系统中所选用的首选电机,本文以电动汽车中使用的永磁同步电机及其控制策略为研究对象,主要研究该电机驱动的控制技术及硬件体系,设计高性能的电动汽车电机控制器。
本文首先概述了电动汽车电机控制器的关键技术,指出电动汽车驱动电机的发展趋势,根据电动汽车的结构和功率选用了30KW的永磁同步电机,建立了永磁同步电机的数学模型,根据电动汽车的运行要求,确定了电动汽车电机的工作模式及控制策略,并进行了相应的程序架构和软件设计,系统的程序由主程序和中断服务子程序构成,主程序负责执行初始化相关寄存器配置、变量定义和初值设定,中断服务程序中包括所有的算法和逻辑实现。在此基础上,提出了基于TMS320LF2406芯片的电机控制器的硬件设计方案,先后进行了两轮硬件设计,包括功率模块驱动板电路设计和主控板电路设计；采用四层PCB板布线、独立的电源模块等,同以往的系统相比,系统稳定性和抗干扰能力更强。在开发过程中,搭建了电机控制实验平台,并进行相关的实验测试,文中重点介绍了旋转编码器解码模块性能测试和电机加载情况的测试,并对实验结果进行了分析。
The cars have become an indispensable vehicle of transportation in today's society, a measure of the leveling of a national economy and technology developed. With the energy and environmental problems increasingly serious, hybrid cars, electric vehicles and fuel cell vehicles as the representative of the electric cars into the people's vision and they are also an important development direction of the automotive industry.
By way of the core parts of electric vehicles, motor, driver and motor controller play a very important roles, and the study of them have important theoretical and practical significance. Permanent magnet motor with high efficiency, high power density and good speed performance, electric cars are increasingly becoming the preferred choice in the control of motor vehicles used in this paper, permanent magnet synchronous electric motor and the control strategy as the research object, the main research The motor drive control technology, design high-performance electric vehicle motor controller.
Paper outlines the key electric vehicle motor controller technology, pointed out that the development of electric vehicle drive motor trend. According to the structure and power of electric vehicles, we use a 30KW permanent magnet synchronous motor in this experiment, established the mathematical model of permanent magnet synchronous motor, according to the operational requirements of electric vehicles, electric vehicle motor set the operating mode and control strategy, made the appropriate procedural framework and software design. Systematic process with the main program and interrupt service the main program is responsible for the relevant register initialization configuration, variable definitions and initial value set, the interrupt service program includes all the algorithms and logic implementation. On this basis, the proposed motor controller chip based on TMS320LF2406 hardware and software design solutions, we conducted two cycles hardware design, including the driver board circuit design and control board circuit design; by four-layer PCB board layout, independent of the power modules, system stability and performance, is stronger than the previous one. We build a motor control test platform, so the drive control experiments, for experimental tests. This paper focuses on the rotary encoder module performance testing and motor loading testing, and analyzed experimental results.
电机、驱动器和电机控制器作为电动汽车的主要部件,在电动汽车整车系统中起着非常重要的作用,其相关领域的研究具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。永磁电机具有高效、高功率密度及良好的调速性能,正逐渐地成为电动汽车系统中所选用的首选电机,本文以电动汽车中使用的永磁同步电机及其控制策略为研究对象,主要研究该电机驱动的控制技术及硬件体系,设计高性能的电动汽车电机控制器。
本文首先概述了电动汽车电机控制器的关键技术,指出电动汽车驱动电机的发展趋势,根据电动汽车的结构和功率选用了30KW的永磁同步电机,建立了永磁同步电机的数学模型,根据电动汽车的运行要求,确定了电动汽车电机的工作模式及控制策略,并进行了相应的程序架构和软件设计,系统的程序由主程序和中断服务子程序构成,主程序负责执行初始化相关寄存器配置、变量定义和初值设定,中断服务程序中包括所有的算法和逻辑实现。在此基础上,提出了基于TMS320LF2406芯片的电机控制器的硬件设计方案,先后进行了两轮硬件设计,包括功率模块驱动板电路设计和主控板电路设计；采用四层PCB板布线、独立的电源模块等,同以往的系统相比,系统稳定性和抗干扰能力更强。在开发过程中,搭建了电机控制实验平台,并进行相关的实验测试,文中重点介绍了旋转编码器解码模块性能测试和电机加载情况的测试,并对实验结果进行了分析。
The cars have become an indispensable vehicle of transportation in today's society, a measure of the leveling of a national economy and technology developed. With the energy and environmental problems increasingly serious, hybrid cars, electric vehicles and fuel cell vehicles as the representative of the electric cars into the people's vision and they are also an important development direction of the automotive industry.
By way of the core parts of electric vehicles, motor, driver and motor controller play a very important roles, and the study of them have important theoretical and practical significance. Permanent magnet motor with high efficiency, high power density and good speed performance, electric cars are increasingly becoming the preferred choice in the control of motor vehicles used in this paper, permanent magnet synchronous electric motor and the control strategy as the research object, the main research The motor drive control technology, design high-performance electric vehicle motor controller.
Paper outlines the key electric vehicle motor controller technology, pointed out that the development of electric vehicle drive motor trend. According to the structure and power of electric vehicles, we use a 30KW permanent magnet synchronous motor in this experiment, established the mathematical model of permanent magnet synchronous motor, according to the operational requirements of electric vehicles, electric vehicle motor set the operating mode and control strategy, made the appropriate procedural framework and software design. Systematic process with the main program and interrupt service the main program is responsible for the relevant register initialization configuration, variable definitions and initial value set, the interrupt service program includes all the algorithms and logic implementation. On this basis, the proposed motor controller chip based on TMS320LF2406 hardware and software design solutions, we conducted two cycles hardware design, including the driver board circuit design and control board circuit design; by four-layer PCB board layout, independent of the power modules, system stability and performance, is stronger than the previous one. We build a motor control test platform, so the drive control experiments, for experimental tests. This paper focuses on the rotary encoder module performance testing and motor loading testing, and analyzed experimental results.
引文
[1]胡骅,宋慧主.电动汽车.人民交通出版社,2003.
[2]连琨,刘艳萍,高美卿.永磁同步电动机矢量控制.电机与控制应用,2010年12期.
[3]李军伟,宋长有.基于CAN总线的微型电动汽车电机控制节点的设计.制造业自动化,2006年07期.
[4]刘和平,王维俊,江渝,邓力.TMS320LF240x DSP C语言开发应用.北京航空航天大学出版社,2003.
[5]刘和平,严利平,张学锋,卓清锋.TMS320LF240x DSP结构、原理与应用.北京航空航天大学出版社,2002.
[6]刘时珍.变频空调压缩机矢量控制系统的研究.吉林大学,2009,硕士论文.
[7]秦岭.基于无刷直流电机的电动汽车驱动控制器的研制.合肥工业大学,2007,硕士论文.
[8]任勇,秦大同,杨亚联,杨阳.混合动力电动汽车的研发实践.重庆大学学报.2004,27(4)：27-30.
[9]谭浩强.C程序设计.清华大学出版社,2007.
[10]童诗白,华成英.模拟电子技术基础.高等教育出版社,2002.
[11]王军.国内外混合动力电动汽车开发动态及发展趋势.申金升公路交通科技,2000.
[12]王赟,史伟强,王文娟.交流电机的矢量控制与直接转矩控制策略.内江科技,2010年02期.
[13]吴红星,谢宗武,张强.基于DSP的电动机控制技术.中国电力出版社,2008.
[14]许俊峰,冯江华,许建华.永磁同步电动机控制策略综述.机车电传动.2005,(3)：7-11.
[15]张承宁.电动汽车21世纪的重要交通工具.北京理工大学出版社,1997.
[16]姚震.基于DSP的电动汽车电机控制器的应用研究.广东工业大学,2007,硕士论文.
[17]姜燕平.旋转变压器原理及其应用.电气时代,2005年10期98-99.
[18]张沛.基于SVPWM的功率系统控制方式的研究.华中科技大学,2007,硕士论文.
[19]张少华.永磁同步电机矢量控制策略研究与控制器实现.中南大学,2008,硕士论文.
[20]赵金,刘永江.基于旋转变压器的永磁同步电机驱动技术研究.万淑云电力电子技术,2004年2月38卷1期10-12.
[21]Pillay P, Krishnan. R. Modeling, simulation and analysis of permanent-magnet motor drives, Part II:The brushless DC motor drive[J],IEEE Trans.on Industry Applications,1989,25(2):274-279
[22]Senjyu T, Kinjo K, Urasaki N, Uezato K. Parameter measurement for PMSM using adaptive identification[C].Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics,2002,3:711-716.
[2]连琨,刘艳萍,高美卿.永磁同步电动机矢量控制.电机与控制应用,2010年12期.
[3]李军伟,宋长有.基于CAN总线的微型电动汽车电机控制节点的设计.制造业自动化,2006年07期.
[4]刘和平,王维俊,江渝,邓力.TMS320LF240x DSP C语言开发应用.北京航空航天大学出版社,2003.
[5]刘和平,严利平,张学锋,卓清锋.TMS320LF240x DSP结构、原理与应用.北京航空航天大学出版社,2002.
[6]刘时珍.变频空调压缩机矢量控制系统的研究.吉林大学,2009,硕士论文.
[7]秦岭.基于无刷直流电机的电动汽车驱动控制器的研制.合肥工业大学,2007,硕士论文.
[8]任勇,秦大同,杨亚联,杨阳.混合动力电动汽车的研发实践.重庆大学学报.2004,27(4)：27-30.
[9]谭浩强.C程序设计.清华大学出版社,2007.
[10]童诗白,华成英.模拟电子技术基础.高等教育出版社,2002.
[11]王军.国内外混合动力电动汽车开发动态及发展趋势.申金升公路交通科技,2000.
[12]王赟,史伟强,王文娟.交流电机的矢量控制与直接转矩控制策略.内江科技,2010年02期.
[13]吴红星,谢宗武,张强.基于DSP的电动机控制技术.中国电力出版社,2008.
[14]许俊峰,冯江华,许建华.永磁同步电动机控制策略综述.机车电传动.2005,(3)：7-11.
[15]张承宁.电动汽车21世纪的重要交通工具.北京理工大学出版社,1997.
[16]姚震.基于DSP的电动汽车电机控制器的应用研究.广东工业大学,2007,硕士论文.
[17]姜燕平.旋转变压器原理及其应用.电气时代,2005年10期98-99.
[18]张沛.基于SVPWM的功率系统控制方式的研究.华中科技大学,2007,硕士论文.
[19]张少华.永磁同步电机矢量控制策略研究与控制器实现.中南大学,2008,硕士论文.
[20]赵金,刘永江.基于旋转变压器的永磁同步电机驱动技术研究.万淑云电力电子技术,2004年2月38卷1期10-12.
[21]Pillay P, Krishnan. R. Modeling, simulation and analysis of permanent-magnet motor drives, Part II:The brushless DC motor drive[J],IEEE Trans.on Industry Applications,1989,25(2):274-279
[22]Senjyu T, Kinjo K, Urasaki N, Uezato K. Parameter measurement for PMSM using adaptive identification[C].Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics,2002,3:711-716.