农家乐开发与新农村建设协同发展模式
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摘要
我国是一个农业大国,目前很多地方都存在着农村和农民贫穷落后的情况,农村和城市的贫富差距相当严重,消除贫困实现农村的可持续发展、解决“三农”问题一直以来都是人们关注的焦点。2006年中央“一号文件”提出了建设“社会主义新农村”的具体要求和措施,为我国农村建设指明了方向和道路。很多地区在社会主义新农村建设的大前提下充分发挥各自的旅游资源优势,积极开展农家乐等农业旅游形式,并取得了较好的成绩。比如一些地区在新农村建设过程中,利用当地特色自然资源开发旅游业不仅增加了当地农民的收入,提高了他们的生活水准,也一定程度上加强了基础设施建设,完善了公共服务体系,使农村呈现出了新面貌新风尚。不过在农家乐旅游发展和新农村建设的过程中同样也暴露了不少问题,如盲目跟风、混乱无序、城市化等,破坏了农村原有的安定、和谐、朴素的氛围,使农村失去了原有的吸引力,这必将影响农家乐的可持续发展。农家乐的这种发展方向和模式也违背了新农村建设的指导思想,不利于新农村建设的进程,因此有必要探索一种农家乐与新农村建设的协同发展模式,以实现农家乐的可持续发展,同时促进新农村建设的进程。
鉴于农家乐有多种类型,不同类型的发展背景和现实问题不尽相同,所以与新农村建设的协同发展模式也必不相同。本文通过对浙江省临安市太湖源白沙村农家乐的案例分析,讨论了其在农家乐开发与新农村建设中形成的优势和存在的问题,并进一步提出:1.文化发展相对于经济发展具有一定的延后性,所以白沙村之前的发展状态有其必然性,而它下一步必须也有能力加大文化的建设;2.在我国经济薄弱、民主化进程落后、公民意识尚未建立的现阶段,我国的社区内涵还不能等同于国外的社区,我国社区中主导力量目前是政府组织,但正在往社区居民自组织形成发展,而这种发展符合新农村建设和农家乐发展管理的实际;3.旅游和农业存在统一性,它们都可以促进农村的发展,而它们之间又能相互促进,此外它们又具有对立性,农村如果只依靠农业发展将会非常缓慢,而如果片面强调旅游又会导致农村的形存身亡,最终会阻碍农村发展。作者以这三对协同的概念作为模式的基本要素,构建了新农村建设与农家乐开发的动态模式,表明只有当经济与文化、农业和旅游业、农民本位与社区本位平衡发展时才能促进新农村建设与农家乐协同发展的顺利进行。此外,作者还基于模式建立了社区管理组织与农民个体共同作为管理成分、农业、旅游、经济、文化四个部门功能相互区分又彼此互动的动态管理体制,以及以社会发展、农业发展及旅游发展作为三大类的指标体系,以期科学有效指导新农村建设与农家乐开发的实践,避免农家乐的发展和新农村的建设陷入困境,从而促进白沙村农家乐发展和新农村建设的可持续性,同时也为其他地区的农家乐与新农村建设的协同发展提供借鉴。
China is a large agricultural country, at present rural areas and farmers are poor in many places, the wealth gap between rural and urban areas is very serious, to eliminate poverty and achieve sustainable rural development, and solve the "three rural" issue has always been the focus of attention. The No.1 Document of the Party Central Committee put forward the the specific requirements and measures of building"new socialist countryside" in 2006, to indicate the direction of our rural development roads. Under the premise of tourism resources, many areas actively carry out rural tourism and other agricultural tourism to full play their respective advantages, and have achieved good results. For example in some areas, the development of tourism not only increase the income of the peasants and improve their standard of living, but also to some extent strengthen the infrastructure construction and improve the public service system, make out a new look in rural areas. However, in the process of rural tourism development and new countryside construction also exposed a lot of problems, driven by the benefits and farmers own limitations resulted in the phenomenon of blindly following the trend、disorganization and urbanization in rural tourism development in many areas. Because of the low development level and inadequate sanitation facilities, the rural tourism development caused damage to the ecological environment and made the disadvantaged rural culture face the erosion of dominant urban culture, although it has brought a certain amount of economic income. The original stability, harmony and simple atmosphere of rural has been destroyed, and the original appeal lost, which will certainly affect the sustainable development of rural tourism .The direction and model of the rural tourism development also run counter to the guiding ideology of the new countryside building, so it is necessary to explore a kind of collaborative development model of rural tourism development and new countryside construction, in order to achieve rural tourism sustainable development and promote the process of new countryside building.
There are many types of rural tourism, different types has development background and practical problems, so the collaborative development model of rural tourism development and new countryside construction is different. Based on the study of the case of the rural tourism at Baisha county in Taihuyuan town of Lin'an city, this article analysised its advantages and problems in rural tourism development and new countryside construction, and further proposed following opinions: 1. In relation to economic development, cultural development has a certain delay, which caused the development status of Baisha county, but it is necessary and possible to increase the construction of culture for Baisha county in the next step. 2. At present, our economy is weak, our democratization process drop behind, and our citizenship has not been established, so our community content can't be equated with the foreign community, which led force is the government, but it's developing in the direction of self-organized of community residents, whicn is in line with the real management situation. 3. Tourism and agriculture are uniform, they all can contribute to rural development and can promote each other. In addition, they also have the opposite, rural areas will develop slowly if only depend on agriculture, while emphasis on tourism will result in the lost of rurality, which will ultimately hinder rural development. With three pairs of synergistic factors as the basic elements, this article build a dynamic model, and show that the process of new countryside construction and rural tourism development will be smooth only when economy and culture、agriculture and tourism、pessant-based and community-based community develop in balance. Based on the model, this article establish a dynamic management system, with community management organizations and pessant together as management component and agriculture department, tourism department, economic department and cultural department functioning differently but also interacting with each other. This article also establish a evaluation index system with social development, agricultural development and tourism development as the three categories of indicators. It is hoped that the management system and the evaluation index system will guide the development of Baisha county scientific and effectively, avoid the rural tourism development and new countryside construction in trouble, thereby promote it's process of Baisha county, and provide a reference for the joint development of rural tourism and new countryside construction in other areas.
鉴于农家乐有多种类型,不同类型的发展背景和现实问题不尽相同,所以与新农村建设的协同发展模式也必不相同。本文通过对浙江省临安市太湖源白沙村农家乐的案例分析,讨论了其在农家乐开发与新农村建设中形成的优势和存在的问题,并进一步提出:1.文化发展相对于经济发展具有一定的延后性,所以白沙村之前的发展状态有其必然性,而它下一步必须也有能力加大文化的建设;2.在我国经济薄弱、民主化进程落后、公民意识尚未建立的现阶段,我国的社区内涵还不能等同于国外的社区,我国社区中主导力量目前是政府组织,但正在往社区居民自组织形成发展,而这种发展符合新农村建设和农家乐发展管理的实际;3.旅游和农业存在统一性,它们都可以促进农村的发展,而它们之间又能相互促进,此外它们又具有对立性,农村如果只依靠农业发展将会非常缓慢,而如果片面强调旅游又会导致农村的形存身亡,最终会阻碍农村发展。作者以这三对协同的概念作为模式的基本要素,构建了新农村建设与农家乐开发的动态模式,表明只有当经济与文化、农业和旅游业、农民本位与社区本位平衡发展时才能促进新农村建设与农家乐协同发展的顺利进行。此外,作者还基于模式建立了社区管理组织与农民个体共同作为管理成分、农业、旅游、经济、文化四个部门功能相互区分又彼此互动的动态管理体制,以及以社会发展、农业发展及旅游发展作为三大类的指标体系,以期科学有效指导新农村建设与农家乐开发的实践,避免农家乐的发展和新农村的建设陷入困境,从而促进白沙村农家乐发展和新农村建设的可持续性,同时也为其他地区的农家乐与新农村建设的协同发展提供借鉴。
China is a large agricultural country, at present rural areas and farmers are poor in many places, the wealth gap between rural and urban areas is very serious, to eliminate poverty and achieve sustainable rural development, and solve the "three rural" issue has always been the focus of attention. The No.1 Document of the Party Central Committee put forward the the specific requirements and measures of building"new socialist countryside" in 2006, to indicate the direction of our rural development roads. Under the premise of tourism resources, many areas actively carry out rural tourism and other agricultural tourism to full play their respective advantages, and have achieved good results. For example in some areas, the development of tourism not only increase the income of the peasants and improve their standard of living, but also to some extent strengthen the infrastructure construction and improve the public service system, make out a new look in rural areas. However, in the process of rural tourism development and new countryside construction also exposed a lot of problems, driven by the benefits and farmers own limitations resulted in the phenomenon of blindly following the trend、disorganization and urbanization in rural tourism development in many areas. Because of the low development level and inadequate sanitation facilities, the rural tourism development caused damage to the ecological environment and made the disadvantaged rural culture face the erosion of dominant urban culture, although it has brought a certain amount of economic income. The original stability, harmony and simple atmosphere of rural has been destroyed, and the original appeal lost, which will certainly affect the sustainable development of rural tourism .The direction and model of the rural tourism development also run counter to the guiding ideology of the new countryside building, so it is necessary to explore a kind of collaborative development model of rural tourism development and new countryside construction, in order to achieve rural tourism sustainable development and promote the process of new countryside building.
There are many types of rural tourism, different types has development background and practical problems, so the collaborative development model of rural tourism development and new countryside construction is different. Based on the study of the case of the rural tourism at Baisha county in Taihuyuan town of Lin'an city, this article analysised its advantages and problems in rural tourism development and new countryside construction, and further proposed following opinions: 1. In relation to economic development, cultural development has a certain delay, which caused the development status of Baisha county, but it is necessary and possible to increase the construction of culture for Baisha county in the next step. 2. At present, our economy is weak, our democratization process drop behind, and our citizenship has not been established, so our community content can't be equated with the foreign community, which led force is the government, but it's developing in the direction of self-organized of community residents, whicn is in line with the real management situation. 3. Tourism and agriculture are uniform, they all can contribute to rural development and can promote each other. In addition, they also have the opposite, rural areas will develop slowly if only depend on agriculture, while emphasis on tourism will result in the lost of rurality, which will ultimately hinder rural development. With three pairs of synergistic factors as the basic elements, this article build a dynamic model, and show that the process of new countryside construction and rural tourism development will be smooth only when economy and culture、agriculture and tourism、pessant-based and community-based community develop in balance. Based on the model, this article establish a dynamic management system, with community management organizations and pessant together as management component and agriculture department, tourism department, economic department and cultural department functioning differently but also interacting with each other. This article also establish a evaluation index system with social development, agricultural development and tourism development as the three categories of indicators. It is hoped that the management system and the evaluation index system will guide the development of Baisha county scientific and effectively, avoid the rural tourism development and new countryside construction in trouble, thereby promote it's process of Baisha county, and provide a reference for the joint development of rural tourism and new countryside construction in other areas.
引文
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[3]周林,王树进.国外BB与我国“农家乐”的比较研究[J].农业开发研究,2008(3):3-5
[4]申端锋,刘国庆.社会主义新农村建设研究评述[J].贵州师范大学学报(社会科学版),2008(1):28-33
[5]戴德民.对新农村建设的若干问题初探[J].安徽农学通报,2008,14(1):81-83,122
[6]黄磊.成都平原新农村建设模式研究[J].山西建筑,2008,34(3):51-52
[7]肖波.合肥市新农村建设的主要模式与典型做法研究[J].安徽农学通报,2008,14(1):98-101
[8]陈光.关于新农村建设的几点思考[J].廊坊师范学院学报,2008,24(1):85-87
[9]胡永波,聂坤伦,宋陈玲.简述新农村建设的误区与路径[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(1):342-343
[10]田喜洲.休闲旅游“农家乐”发展探讨[J].北京第二外国语学院学报,2002(1):72-74
[11]逢爱梅.上海市郊“农家乐”发展瓶颈分析[J].商场现代化,2008,528:245-246
[12]曹瑞琴.“农家乐”旅游的现状及发展对策[J].甘肃科技,2008,24(2):100—101,175
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