吉林大情字井地区井壁稳定技术研究
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摘要
井壁不稳定是指钻井或完井过程的井壁坍塌，缩径或地层压裂。井壁不稳定是钻井过程中遇到的井下复杂情况之一，严重影响了钻井工作。
井壁不稳定的实质是力学不稳定。当井壁岩石所受的应力超过其强度时就会发生井壁失稳。其主要原因可归结为力学因素，化学因素和工程技术因素。但后两者都是影响井壁应力分布和岩石力学性能而造成井壁不稳定。
为了解决井壁不稳定问题，多年来我国广大工程技术人员做了许多研究工作，取得了可喜的成果，其发展水平已于国外研究同步，并在一些方面有所创新，形成了自己的特色。但因针对性强等原因，井壁稳定问题仍然没有根本解决。
吉林油田大情字井地区是近年来吉林油田重点勘探的区块。钻井过程中井塌时有发生，严重影响了该地区勘探开发的速度和质量。
本文根据地层岩石性能参数，运用弹性力学理论建立了井壁围岩力学模型，确定了在该地区钻井所需的合理的钻井液密度范围。同时研究了抑制性性强的有机硅钻井液，该钻井液是一种低固相、低密度体系，集聚合物钻井液的强抑制性和三磺钻井液抗高温性于一身，防塌效果好。通过力学和化学两方面的研究，为吉林油田井壁稳定技术的研究奠定了良好基础。
Borehole instability includes well sloughing, formation fracturing and tight hole during drilling and completion. It is one of complicated situations encountered in drilling, which influences the drilling seriously.
It is mechanical instability that induces borehole instability. If the stress that acts on shale around wellbore exceeds its intensity, borehole instability will happen. Its main reasons can be summed up as the mechanical factor, chemical factor and engineering technical factor. The last two factors induce borehole instability both by affecting stress distribution around wellbore and material properties of rock.
The domestic researchers have made a lot of study on borehole instability for many years to solve it, and some important achievement is got. The achievement catches up with the international level and forms certain characteristics in some aspects. But wellbore instability has not been thoroughly solved for its complexity.
Daqingzijing area is where Jilin oil field especially explores in recent years. Borehole instability often takes place during drilling. It severely affects the speed and quality of exploration and development in this area.
This study sets up the mechanical model of rock around wellbore with elastic theory of mechanics based on formation properties parameters, determining the range of mud density for drilling in this area. Organic silicon drilling fluid with strong inhibition is also studied. It is low-solid-content and low-density system that has the advantages of polymer drilling fluid and sulfonation drilling fluid. It is effective in preventing well sloughing. This paper studies wellbore instability in mechanical and chemical sides and establishes solid foundation for studying wellbore stability of Jilin oil field.
井壁不稳定的实质是力学不稳定。当井壁岩石所受的应力超过其强度时就会发生井壁失稳。其主要原因可归结为力学因素，化学因素和工程技术因素。但后两者都是影响井壁应力分布和岩石力学性能而造成井壁不稳定。
为了解决井壁不稳定问题，多年来我国广大工程技术人员做了许多研究工作，取得了可喜的成果，其发展水平已于国外研究同步，并在一些方面有所创新，形成了自己的特色。但因针对性强等原因，井壁稳定问题仍然没有根本解决。
吉林油田大情字井地区是近年来吉林油田重点勘探的区块。钻井过程中井塌时有发生，严重影响了该地区勘探开发的速度和质量。
本文根据地层岩石性能参数，运用弹性力学理论建立了井壁围岩力学模型，确定了在该地区钻井所需的合理的钻井液密度范围。同时研究了抑制性性强的有机硅钻井液，该钻井液是一种低固相、低密度体系，集聚合物钻井液的强抑制性和三磺钻井液抗高温性于一身，防塌效果好。通过力学和化学两方面的研究，为吉林油田井壁稳定技术的研究奠定了良好基础。
Borehole instability includes well sloughing, formation fracturing and tight hole during drilling and completion. It is one of complicated situations encountered in drilling, which influences the drilling seriously.
It is mechanical instability that induces borehole instability. If the stress that acts on shale around wellbore exceeds its intensity, borehole instability will happen. Its main reasons can be summed up as the mechanical factor, chemical factor and engineering technical factor. The last two factors induce borehole instability both by affecting stress distribution around wellbore and material properties of rock.
The domestic researchers have made a lot of study on borehole instability for many years to solve it, and some important achievement is got. The achievement catches up with the international level and forms certain characteristics in some aspects. But wellbore instability has not been thoroughly solved for its complexity.
Daqingzijing area is where Jilin oil field especially explores in recent years. Borehole instability often takes place during drilling. It severely affects the speed and quality of exploration and development in this area.
This study sets up the mechanical model of rock around wellbore with elastic theory of mechanics based on formation properties parameters, determining the range of mud density for drilling in this area. Organic silicon drilling fluid with strong inhibition is also studied. It is low-solid-content and low-density system that has the advantages of polymer drilling fluid and sulfonation drilling fluid. It is effective in preventing well sloughing. This paper studies wellbore instability in mechanical and chemical sides and establishes solid foundation for studying wellbore stability of Jilin oil field.
引文
[1] 张克勤，陈乐亮．钻井液手册．北京：石油工业出版社，1988，56
[2] 贾乃文，云天铨．弹性力学．广州：华南理工大学出版社，1990，68～71
[3] 黄汉仁，杨坤鹏，罗平亚．泥浆工艺原理．北京：石油工业出版社，1981，89～91
[4] 陈涛平，胡靖邦．石油工程．北京：石油工业出版社，2000，70～71
[5] 何远信．钻井液技术展望．探矿工程，1999，(1)：24～31
[6] 鄢捷年．钻井液工艺学．北京：石油大学出版社，2001，314～315
[7] A.H.Hale, F.K. Mody, D.P. Salisbury: Experimental Investigation of the Influence of Chemical Potential on Wellbore Stability, SPE 23885
[8] 黄荣樽，邓金根，陈勉．井壁坍塌压力和破裂压力的计算模型．钻井工程井壁稳定新技术．北京：石油工业出版社，1999：104～112
[9] 常贵钊，邵秀丽等．井眼稳定性计算方法．测井技术，2001，25(4)：311～319
[10] 邱正松，丁锐，王富华，任占春．组合裂缝储层保护暂堵评价新技术．石油钻探技术，1999，27(4)：28～29
[11] 崔迎春，张琰．钻井导致储层损害试验研究进展综述．天然气工业，2000，20(2)：61～63
[12] 刘伟新，史志华，朱樱，曹寅．扫描电镜＼能谱分析在油气勘探开发中的应用．石油实验地质，2001，23(3)：341～343
[13] 金衍，陈勉，陈治喜等．弱面地层的直井井壁稳定力学模型．钻采工艺，1999，22(3)：13～14
[14] F.J.Santarelli,S.Zaho,G.Burrafato:Wellbore Stability Analysis Made Easy and Practical,SPE35105
[15] 雷宗明，曾志军，王德成等．井眼稳定理论在川东地区的应用．石油钻采工艺，1996，18(5)：33～38
[16] S. Ottesen, K.A. Kwakwa: A Multidisciplinary Approach to In-Situ Stress Determination and Its Application to Wellbore Stability Analysis, SPE21915
[17] 魏方友．井眼稳定性研究及其在吐哈油田的应用．石油钻采工艺，1994，16(4)：34～41
[18] X..Chen, C.P.Tan, C.M. Haberfield:Wellbore Stability Analysis Guidelines For Practical Well Design, SPE 36972
[19] 刘向君，罗平亚．泥岩地层井壁稳定性研究．天然气工业，1997，17(1)：45～48
[20] M.R. McLean, M.A. Addis: Wellbore Stability: The Effect of Strength Criteria on Mud Weight Recommendations, SPE 20405
[21] M.R. McLean, M.A. Addis: Wellbore Stability Analysis: A Review of Current Methods of Analysis and Their Field Application, SPE 19941
[22] 王波许，跃安，徐云节．井壁力学稳定性与完井方法选择关系．西部探矿工程，1997，9(2)：28～29
[23] 唐林，罗平亚．破裂岩体中井壁稳定性分析．石油钻采工艺，1997，19(3)：1～6
[24] 刘向君，陈一健，肖勇．岩石软弱面产状对井壁稳定性的影响．西南石油学院学报，2001，23(6)：12～13
[25] Jr. Cheatham: Wellbore Stability, SPE 13340
[26] 张广清，陈勉．钻井液密度与井壁围岩破坏的关系．石油钻采工艺，2002，24(3)：13～14
[27] I.D.R.Bradford, J.M. Cook: A Semi-analytic Elastoplastic Model for Wellbore Stability with Applications to Sanding, SPE 28070
[28] 楼一珊，刘刚．大斜度井泥页岩井壁稳定的力学分析．江汉石油学院学报，1997，19(1)：61～64
[29] 葛洪魁．多相岩石弹性特征的试验研究及其在地层评价中的一些应用．岩石力学与工程学报，2001，20(5)：750
[30] 刘向君，叶仲斌，王国华等．流体流动和岩石变形耦合对井壁稳定性的影响．西南石油学院学报，2002，24(2)：50～52
[31] B.K. Warren, P.J. McLellan, C.A. Pratt: Wellbore Stability, Drilling Fluids Design, and the Drilling Performance of Horizontal Wells in Unconsolidated Oil Sands at Peace River, Alberta, SPE 29426
[32] V. Maury: Rock Failure Mechanisms Identification: A key for Wellbore Stability and Reservoir Behaviour Problem, SPE 28049
[33] P.A. Charlez: The Impact of Constitutive Laws on Wellbore Stability: A General Review, SPE 28058
[34] C.G. Rawlings, N.R.Barton: Laboratory and Numerical Discontinuum Modelling of Wellbore Stability During Drilling in Low-Permeability Reservoirs, SPE 25869
[35] 李天太，高德利．井壁稳定性技术研究及其在呼图壁地区的应用．西安石油学院学报，2002，17(3)：23～26
[36] 向兴金，肖稳发等．保护储层的新型完井液体系研究．江汉石油学院学报，1996，18(1)：69～73
[37] 段永刚，陈伟等．油气层损害定量分析和评价．西南石油学院学报，2001，23(2)：44～46
[38] 孙玉学，王铁军等．储层损害及保护技术．哈尔滨：黑龙江科学技术出版社，1993，37～58
[39] 宫立武，刘安健，齐海鹰．钻井液与储层配伍性研究．西部探矿工程，1994，6(6)：19～20
[40] 胡国恒，姚永君，胡在凯，左新玉．钻井液侵入对储层电性物性影响实验研究．测井技术，1999，23(5)：323～326
[41] 刘雪芹，宋瑞宏，王树华．新型钻井液的研制与应用．大庆石油地质开发，2000，19(5)：42～46
[2] 贾乃文，云天铨．弹性力学．广州：华南理工大学出版社，1990，68～71
[3] 黄汉仁，杨坤鹏，罗平亚．泥浆工艺原理．北京：石油工业出版社，1981，89～91
[4] 陈涛平，胡靖邦．石油工程．北京：石油工业出版社，2000，70～71
[5] 何远信．钻井液技术展望．探矿工程，1999，(1)：24～31
[6] 鄢捷年．钻井液工艺学．北京：石油大学出版社，2001，314～315
[7] A.H.Hale, F.K. Mody, D.P. Salisbury: Experimental Investigation of the Influence of Chemical Potential on Wellbore Stability, SPE 23885
[8] 黄荣樽，邓金根，陈勉．井壁坍塌压力和破裂压力的计算模型．钻井工程井壁稳定新技术．北京：石油工业出版社，1999：104～112
[9] 常贵钊，邵秀丽等．井眼稳定性计算方法．测井技术，2001，25(4)：311～319
[10] 邱正松，丁锐，王富华，任占春．组合裂缝储层保护暂堵评价新技术．石油钻探技术，1999，27(4)：28～29
[11] 崔迎春，张琰．钻井导致储层损害试验研究进展综述．天然气工业，2000，20(2)：61～63
[12] 刘伟新，史志华，朱樱，曹寅．扫描电镜＼能谱分析在油气勘探开发中的应用．石油实验地质，2001，23(3)：341～343
[13] 金衍，陈勉，陈治喜等．弱面地层的直井井壁稳定力学模型．钻采工艺，1999，22(3)：13～14
[14] F.J.Santarelli,S.Zaho,G.Burrafato:Wellbore Stability Analysis Made Easy and Practical,SPE35105
[15] 雷宗明，曾志军，王德成等．井眼稳定理论在川东地区的应用．石油钻采工艺，1996，18(5)：33～38
[16] S. Ottesen, K.A. Kwakwa: A Multidisciplinary Approach to In-Situ Stress Determination and Its Application to Wellbore Stability Analysis, SPE21915
[17] 魏方友．井眼稳定性研究及其在吐哈油田的应用．石油钻采工艺，1994，16(4)：34～41
[18] X..Chen, C.P.Tan, C.M. Haberfield:Wellbore Stability Analysis Guidelines For Practical Well Design, SPE 36972
[19] 刘向君，罗平亚．泥岩地层井壁稳定性研究．天然气工业，1997，17(1)：45～48
[20] M.R. McLean, M.A. Addis: Wellbore Stability: The Effect of Strength Criteria on Mud Weight Recommendations, SPE 20405
[21] M.R. McLean, M.A. Addis: Wellbore Stability Analysis: A Review of Current Methods of Analysis and Their Field Application, SPE 19941
[22] 王波许，跃安，徐云节．井壁力学稳定性与完井方法选择关系．西部探矿工程，1997，9(2)：28～29
[23] 唐林，罗平亚．破裂岩体中井壁稳定性分析．石油钻采工艺，1997，19(3)：1～6
[24] 刘向君，陈一健，肖勇．岩石软弱面产状对井壁稳定性的影响．西南石油学院学报，2001，23(6)：12～13
[25] Jr. Cheatham: Wellbore Stability, SPE 13340
[26] 张广清，陈勉．钻井液密度与井壁围岩破坏的关系．石油钻采工艺，2002，24(3)：13～14
[27] I.D.R.Bradford, J.M. Cook: A Semi-analytic Elastoplastic Model for Wellbore Stability with Applications to Sanding, SPE 28070
[28] 楼一珊，刘刚．大斜度井泥页岩井壁稳定的力学分析．江汉石油学院学报，1997，19(1)：61～64
[29] 葛洪魁．多相岩石弹性特征的试验研究及其在地层评价中的一些应用．岩石力学与工程学报，2001，20(5)：750
[30] 刘向君，叶仲斌，王国华等．流体流动和岩石变形耦合对井壁稳定性的影响．西南石油学院学报，2002，24(2)：50～52
[31] B.K. Warren, P.J. McLellan, C.A. Pratt: Wellbore Stability, Drilling Fluids Design, and the Drilling Performance of Horizontal Wells in Unconsolidated Oil Sands at Peace River, Alberta, SPE 29426
[32] V. Maury: Rock Failure Mechanisms Identification: A key for Wellbore Stability and Reservoir Behaviour Problem, SPE 28049
[33] P.A. Charlez: The Impact of Constitutive Laws on Wellbore Stability: A General Review, SPE 28058
[34] C.G. Rawlings, N.R.Barton: Laboratory and Numerical Discontinuum Modelling of Wellbore Stability During Drilling in Low-Permeability Reservoirs, SPE 25869
[35] 李天太，高德利．井壁稳定性技术研究及其在呼图壁地区的应用．西安石油学院学报，2002，17(3)：23～26
[36] 向兴金，肖稳发等．保护储层的新型完井液体系研究．江汉石油学院学报，1996，18(1)：69～73
[37] 段永刚，陈伟等．油气层损害定量分析和评价．西南石油学院学报，2001，23(2)：44～46
[38] 孙玉学，王铁军等．储层损害及保护技术．哈尔滨：黑龙江科学技术出版社，1993，37～58
[39] 宫立武，刘安健，齐海鹰．钻井液与储层配伍性研究．西部探矿工程，1994，6(6)：19～20
[40] 胡国恒，姚永君，胡在凯，左新玉．钻井液侵入对储层电性物性影响实验研究．测井技术，1999，23(5)：323～326
[41] 刘雪芹，宋瑞宏，王树华．新型钻井液的研制与应用．大庆石油地质开发，2000，19(5)：42～46