裂缝性气藏排水采气优选管柱研究
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摘要
有水气田开发的中后期，气井会出水，严重影响天然气产量和气田采收率，因此必须采取排水采气措施。论文系统地研究了优选管柱排水采气工艺。优选管柱工艺适用于产水不太多的气井，此工艺可以延长气井的自喷带水期。论文描述了裂缝性地层中气水两相不连续微观渗流现象，解释了气井波动产水产气的原因，并推导了裂缝性气藏直井天然气、水的产能预测模型；在前人研究的基础上，研究了气井井筒压力、温度分布耦合计算方法，将Hagedorn-Brown方法中的图版拟合成方程便于计算机编程；研究了天然气水合物的形成条件和形成机制，建立了预测水合物生成条件的统计热力学模型，研究了组分逸度的计算方法；把节点分析方法与携液最小流速模型相结合，提出了管柱优选的方法；根据水在井筒中雾化成大小不一的液滴，在考虑气井排液的情况下，建立了气井积液动态模型；建立了根据井眼轨迹计算的连续油管受力分析模型，分析了连续油管的应力要素；在理论研究的基础上，完成了优选管柱工艺技术优化设计软件的编制。
It is well known that a water driving gas reservoir will happen to water producing in most of area along with it being exploited deeply.The output of gas well is affected badly and the ultimate gas reservoir recovery ratio will be declined greatly. So to increase the outputs of gas wells and gas fields,it is urgent to take projects of drainage gas recovery.Optimizing tubing technology is just applied in the gas wells that produce a little water and this technology can prolong the flowing and throughputing water time of gas wells.This paper described the discontinuous filtering flow phenomenon of gas and water phases in the fractured gas reservoirs, explained the reason why the gas wells in fractured reservoirs unsteady produce water and gas. It established the gas and water inflow performance relationship of vertical well in the fractured gas reservoirs. On the basis of predecessor's fruit, this paper researched the coherent calculating method of pressure and temperature distribution in the gas well. It transformed the charts of Hagedorn-Brown method to functions in order to programming the software. It described the reason and mechanism of engendering gas hydrate and established the statistic thermodynamic model which can predict the engendering pressure or temperature of gas hydrate.In order to calculating these, it researched the method of calculating the component fugacity. Through combining critical gas flow rate for gas wells unloading and nodal system analysis, it developed a method that can be used for optimizing the tubing and predicting the reservoir pressure of undewatering. Because water will be break to fluid drop of different diameter, the gas well can also remove part of water. On the basis of this principle, this paper established the model of gas well dynamic liquid loading process. It established the mechanical model which can be used for calculating the axial force, friction and contact force of coiled tubing according to wellbore track. On the basis of all the above, an optimizing tubing technology of dewatering method software has been accomplished.
It is well known that a water driving gas reservoir will happen to water producing in most of area along with it being exploited deeply.The output of gas well is affected badly and the ultimate gas reservoir recovery ratio will be declined greatly. So to increase the outputs of gas wells and gas fields,it is urgent to take projects of drainage gas recovery.Optimizing tubing technology is just applied in the gas wells that produce a little water and this technology can prolong the flowing and throughputing water time of gas wells.This paper described the discontinuous filtering flow phenomenon of gas and water phases in the fractured gas reservoirs, explained the reason why the gas wells in fractured reservoirs unsteady produce water and gas. It established the gas and water inflow performance relationship of vertical well in the fractured gas reservoirs. On the basis of predecessor's fruit, this paper researched the coherent calculating method of pressure and temperature distribution in the gas well. It transformed the charts of Hagedorn-Brown method to functions in order to programming the software. It described the reason and mechanism of engendering gas hydrate and established the statistic thermodynamic model which can predict the engendering pressure or temperature of gas hydrate.In order to calculating these, it researched the method of calculating the component fugacity. Through combining critical gas flow rate for gas wells unloading and nodal system analysis, it developed a method that can be used for optimizing the tubing and predicting the reservoir pressure of undewatering. Because water will be break to fluid drop of different diameter, the gas well can also remove part of water. On the basis of this principle, this paper established the model of gas well dynamic liquid loading process. It established the mechanical model which can be used for calculating the axial force, friction and contact force of coiled tubing according to wellbore track. On the basis of all the above, an optimizing tubing technology of dewatering method software has been accomplished.
引文
[1] 李士伦编著．天然气工程．北京：石油工业出版社，2000
[2] 杨川东主编．采气工程．北京：石油工业出版社，1997
[3] 张琪，李宗田编著．连续油管技术手册．北京：石油工业出版社，2003
[4] 韩振华，曾久长主编．井下作业技术数据手册．北京：石油工业出版社，2000
[5] 陈家琅编著．石油气液两相管流．北京：石油工业出版社，1989
[6] 吕英民主编．材料力学．山东东营：石油大学出版社，1994
[7] 陈钟秀主编．化工热力学．北京：化学工业出版社，2000
[8] 张远君，王慧玉，张振鹏编译．两相流体动力学基础理论及工程应用．北京：北京航空航天学院出版社，1987：456～463
[9] 孙志道．裂缝性有水气藏开采特征和开发方式优选．石油勘探与开发，2002，29(4)：69～71
[10] 陈胜男，赵东伟，张琪等．裂缝性油藏流入动态模型研究．石油大学学报，2004，28(2)：52～54
[11] 李川东．裂缝性有水气藏开采技术浅析．天然气工业，2004，23(增刊)：123～126
[12] 冯异勇，贺胜宁．裂缝性底水气藏气井水侵动态研究．天然气工业，1998，18(3)：40～44
[13] 李晓平，赵必荣．气水两相流井产能分析方法研究．油气井测试，2001，10(4)：8～10
[14] 朱德武，郑晓志．凝析气井流入动态分析新方法．断块油气田，1997，4(5)：31～34
[15] 杨川东．优选管柱排水采气工艺技术的发展及成效．钻采工艺，1997，20(3)：33～37
[16] 杨桦，杨川东．优选管柱排水采气工艺的理论研究．西南石油学院学报，1994，16(4)：56～65
[17] 杨桦，杨川东．优选管柱排水采气工艺的设计程序及应用．西南石油学院学报，1995，17(1)：70～71
[18] 毛伟，梁政．气井井筒压力、温度耦合分析．天然气工业，1999，19(6)：66～68
[19] 郭春秋，李颖川．气井压力温度预测综合数值模拟．石油学报，2001，22(3)：100～105
[20] 薛秀敏，李相方，吴义飞等．高气液比气井井筒温度分布计算方法．天然气工业，2006，26(5)：102～105
[21] 杜君，张海燕等．考虑气井排液的节点分析方法及应用．天然气工业，2004，24(1)：43～47
[22] 李淑珍，郝继红．井底存在液体时气井的工作状态．国外油田工程，1994：41～51
[23] 李闽，郭平，张茂林等．气井连续携液模型比较研究．西南石油学院学报，2002，24(4)：30～32
[24] 李长俊，杨宇．天然气水合物形成条件预测及防止技术．管道技术与设备，2002，(1)：8～10
[25] 李长俊，杨宇．天然气水合物形成条件预测及防止技术续．管道技术与设备，2002，(2)：9～11
[26] 喻西崇，郭建春等．井筒和集输管线中水合物生成条件的预测．西南石油学院学报，2002，24(2)：65～68
[27] 李玉星，冯叔初．管道内天然气水合物形成的判断方法．天然气工业，1999，19(2)：99～102
[28] 吕德贵，马小茂．连续油管屈服极限分析．石油机械，1994，22(9)：35～41
[29] 刘亚明，于永南．连续油管最大下入深度问题初探．石油机械，2000，28(1)：9～12
[30] 董志华，彭安邦．影响连续油管疲劳寿命的因素．国外石油机械，1995，6(3)：43～47
[31] 张运翘．连续油管的应力和寿命分析．石油矿场机械，1995，24(1)：21～25
[32] 李大公，朱长发．连续油管综述．国外石油机械，1995，6(3)：22～33
[33] 许福东，张晓东，吕苗荣等．大位移井完井管柱摩阻计算模型与仿真 器．石油矿场机械，2001，30(增刊)：21～24
[34] A.K.Moltz, Prediction Gas Well Load-up Using Nodal System Analysis, SPE24860, 1992
[35] Fawzi M. Guehria, Inflow Performance Relationships for Gas Condensates, SPE63158, 2000
[36] N.Dousi and C.A.M.Veeken, Modelling the Gas Well Liquid Loading Process, SPE95282, 2005
[37] M.R.Tek and T.L.Gould, Steady and Unsteady-State Lifting Performance of Gas Wells Unloading Produced or Accumulated Liquids, SPE2552, 1969
[38] Steve B.coleman,Hartley B.Clay and David G.McCurdy et al., A New Look at Predicting Gas-Well Load-Up, SPE20280, 1991
[39] Steve B.coleman,Hartley B.Clay et al., Understanding Gas-Well Loda-Up Behavior, SPE20281, 1991
[40] R.G.Turner and M.G.Hubbard, Analysis and Prediction of Minimum Flow Rate for the Continuous Removal of Liquids from Gas Wells, SPE2198, 1969
[41] J.F.Lea Jr. and R.E.Tighe, Gas Well Operation With Liquid Production, SPE11583, 1983
[42] A.Osman and Saudi Arabia, Prediction of Critical Gas Flow Rate for Gas Wells Unloading, SPE78568, 2002
[43] J.Misselbrook and K.Falk, A Novel Method Using Coiled Tubing for Dewatering Gas Wells, SPE94193, 2005
[44] A.R.Terry, Mahesh.Mahajan and Lance Portman, Modeling Coiled Tubing Drag Forces-Small Factors Have a Big Impact, SPE89598, 2004
[45] William R.Greene, Analyzing the Performance of Gas Wells, SPE10743, 1983
[46] James F.Lea and Henry V.Nickens, Solving Gas-Well Liquid-Loading Problems, SPE72092, 2004
[47] N.Kumar, Improvements for Flow Correlations for Gas Wells Experiencing Liquid Loading, SPE92049, 2005
[48] Hiro Yamamoto and Richard L.Christiansen, Enhancing Liquid Lift From Low Pressure Gas Reservoirs, SPE55625, 1999
[49] 杨继盛编．采气工艺基础．北京：石油工业出版社，1994
[2] 杨川东主编．采气工程．北京：石油工业出版社，1997
[3] 张琪，李宗田编著．连续油管技术手册．北京：石油工业出版社，2003
[4] 韩振华，曾久长主编．井下作业技术数据手册．北京：石油工业出版社，2000
[5] 陈家琅编著．石油气液两相管流．北京：石油工业出版社，1989
[6] 吕英民主编．材料力学．山东东营：石油大学出版社，1994
[7] 陈钟秀主编．化工热力学．北京：化学工业出版社，2000
[8] 张远君，王慧玉，张振鹏编译．两相流体动力学基础理论及工程应用．北京：北京航空航天学院出版社，1987：456～463
[9] 孙志道．裂缝性有水气藏开采特征和开发方式优选．石油勘探与开发，2002，29(4)：69～71
[10] 陈胜男，赵东伟，张琪等．裂缝性油藏流入动态模型研究．石油大学学报，2004，28(2)：52～54
[11] 李川东．裂缝性有水气藏开采技术浅析．天然气工业，2004，23(增刊)：123～126
[12] 冯异勇，贺胜宁．裂缝性底水气藏气井水侵动态研究．天然气工业，1998，18(3)：40～44
[13] 李晓平，赵必荣．气水两相流井产能分析方法研究．油气井测试，2001，10(4)：8～10
[14] 朱德武，郑晓志．凝析气井流入动态分析新方法．断块油气田，1997，4(5)：31～34
[15] 杨川东．优选管柱排水采气工艺技术的发展及成效．钻采工艺，1997，20(3)：33～37
[16] 杨桦，杨川东．优选管柱排水采气工艺的理论研究．西南石油学院学报，1994，16(4)：56～65
[17] 杨桦，杨川东．优选管柱排水采气工艺的设计程序及应用．西南石油学院学报，1995，17(1)：70～71
[18] 毛伟，梁政．气井井筒压力、温度耦合分析．天然气工业，1999，19(6)：66～68
[19] 郭春秋，李颖川．气井压力温度预测综合数值模拟．石油学报，2001，22(3)：100～105
[20] 薛秀敏，李相方，吴义飞等．高气液比气井井筒温度分布计算方法．天然气工业，2006，26(5)：102～105
[21] 杜君，张海燕等．考虑气井排液的节点分析方法及应用．天然气工业，2004，24(1)：43～47
[22] 李淑珍，郝继红．井底存在液体时气井的工作状态．国外油田工程，1994：41～51
[23] 李闽，郭平，张茂林等．气井连续携液模型比较研究．西南石油学院学报，2002，24(4)：30～32
[24] 李长俊，杨宇．天然气水合物形成条件预测及防止技术．管道技术与设备，2002，(1)：8～10
[25] 李长俊，杨宇．天然气水合物形成条件预测及防止技术续．管道技术与设备，2002，(2)：9～11
[26] 喻西崇，郭建春等．井筒和集输管线中水合物生成条件的预测．西南石油学院学报，2002，24(2)：65～68
[27] 李玉星，冯叔初．管道内天然气水合物形成的判断方法．天然气工业，1999，19(2)：99～102
[28] 吕德贵，马小茂．连续油管屈服极限分析．石油机械，1994，22(9)：35～41
[29] 刘亚明，于永南．连续油管最大下入深度问题初探．石油机械，2000，28(1)：9～12
[30] 董志华，彭安邦．影响连续油管疲劳寿命的因素．国外石油机械，1995，6(3)：43～47
[31] 张运翘．连续油管的应力和寿命分析．石油矿场机械，1995，24(1)：21～25
[32] 李大公，朱长发．连续油管综述．国外石油机械，1995，6(3)：22～33
[33] 许福东，张晓东，吕苗荣等．大位移井完井管柱摩阻计算模型与仿真 器．石油矿场机械，2001，30(增刊)：21～24
[34] A.K.Moltz, Prediction Gas Well Load-up Using Nodal System Analysis, SPE24860, 1992
[35] Fawzi M. Guehria, Inflow Performance Relationships for Gas Condensates, SPE63158, 2000
[36] N.Dousi and C.A.M.Veeken, Modelling the Gas Well Liquid Loading Process, SPE95282, 2005
[37] M.R.Tek and T.L.Gould, Steady and Unsteady-State Lifting Performance of Gas Wells Unloading Produced or Accumulated Liquids, SPE2552, 1969
[38] Steve B.coleman,Hartley B.Clay and David G.McCurdy et al., A New Look at Predicting Gas-Well Load-Up, SPE20280, 1991
[39] Steve B.coleman,Hartley B.Clay et al., Understanding Gas-Well Loda-Up Behavior, SPE20281, 1991
[40] R.G.Turner and M.G.Hubbard, Analysis and Prediction of Minimum Flow Rate for the Continuous Removal of Liquids from Gas Wells, SPE2198, 1969
[41] J.F.Lea Jr. and R.E.Tighe, Gas Well Operation With Liquid Production, SPE11583, 1983
[42] A.Osman and Saudi Arabia, Prediction of Critical Gas Flow Rate for Gas Wells Unloading, SPE78568, 2002
[43] J.Misselbrook and K.Falk, A Novel Method Using Coiled Tubing for Dewatering Gas Wells, SPE94193, 2005
[44] A.R.Terry, Mahesh.Mahajan and Lance Portman, Modeling Coiled Tubing Drag Forces-Small Factors Have a Big Impact, SPE89598, 2004
[45] William R.Greene, Analyzing the Performance of Gas Wells, SPE10743, 1983
[46] James F.Lea and Henry V.Nickens, Solving Gas-Well Liquid-Loading Problems, SPE72092, 2004
[47] N.Kumar, Improvements for Flow Correlations for Gas Wells Experiencing Liquid Loading, SPE92049, 2005
[48] Hiro Yamamoto and Richard L.Christiansen, Enhancing Liquid Lift From Low Pressure Gas Reservoirs, SPE55625, 1999
[49] 杨继盛编．采气工艺基础．北京：石油工业出版社，1994