新型超短波宽带天线的设计
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摘要
本论文详细地介绍了天线的宽带小型化关键技术,重点研究了应用于移动车载电台的超短波宽带天线的设计与实现。在研究中采用理论分析,数值仿真和实验验证等手段,提出了一种结构新颖的天线设计方案。主要工作有:对于在高架状态下使用的超短波移动通信天线,创造性的采用了双极双鞭的天线结构形式,有效的增加了天线的带宽,摆脱了传统天线需要地面提供镜像的限制。由于采用LC宽带匹配网络,网络引起的损耗很小,因而天线的辐射效率很高,增加了通信距离。
制作了工作于30-88MHz的超短波宽带双鞭天线的实物样机,进行了实验测试,测试结果表明,所设计的天线,在工作频带内具有良好的电气性能,VSWR≤2.5,增益≥1dBi,满足客户使用的要求。此外,通过适当减小天线的尺寸,巧妙地设计了一种阻抗变换器和匹配网络,将天线的工作频段展宽到30-400MHZ。
另一方面工作是提出了一种应用于车载的电离层垂测天线方案,采用倒V结构加天调的天线形式,具有结构简单,便于携带和可以快速安装拆卸等优点,并从数值仿真和天线的缩比模型试验对天线方案的可行性进行了验证,效果很好。
A new type of VHF broadband twin-whip antenna was introduced and analyzed in this dissertation. A structure of the antenna was designed based on the theoretical analysis, and numerical simulation. The real dimension and the configuration were modified through the experiment studying. The major contributions in this paper are as follows: In some special cases the antenna has to be raised to certain height for longer distance communication. The traditional monopole whip antenna is not useful, and more because of no ground existing now. A bipolar twin-whip structure was a good choice at the moment. It has the wideband property and current balance effect. Good impedance matching networks was achieved by using LC circuit. The antenna has high radiation efficiency.
A VHF broadband twin-wipe antenna prototype over 30-88MHz was made. Experimental results show that VSWR≤2.5, GAIN≥1dBi.It meets the requirements of the customer. If some losses were introduced, the antenna bandwidth can be expanded to wider range, such as 30-400MHz by adjusting LC circuit and the ratio impedance transfer.
In addition, a design program of ionosphere vertical detection antenna is proposed, which used inverted V antenna structure with the matching tuner. The antenna has the advantages of simple structure and easy installation and removal. The feasibility of the antenna is verified through the numerical simulation and scale model test.
制作了工作于30-88MHz的超短波宽带双鞭天线的实物样机,进行了实验测试,测试结果表明,所设计的天线,在工作频带内具有良好的电气性能,VSWR≤2.5,增益≥1dBi,满足客户使用的要求。此外,通过适当减小天线的尺寸,巧妙地设计了一种阻抗变换器和匹配网络,将天线的工作频段展宽到30-400MHZ。
另一方面工作是提出了一种应用于车载的电离层垂测天线方案,采用倒V结构加天调的天线形式,具有结构简单,便于携带和可以快速安装拆卸等优点,并从数值仿真和天线的缩比模型试验对天线方案的可行性进行了验证,效果很好。
A new type of VHF broadband twin-whip antenna was introduced and analyzed in this dissertation. A structure of the antenna was designed based on the theoretical analysis, and numerical simulation. The real dimension and the configuration were modified through the experiment studying. The major contributions in this paper are as follows: In some special cases the antenna has to be raised to certain height for longer distance communication. The traditional monopole whip antenna is not useful, and more because of no ground existing now. A bipolar twin-whip structure was a good choice at the moment. It has the wideband property and current balance effect. Good impedance matching networks was achieved by using LC circuit. The antenna has high radiation efficiency.
A VHF broadband twin-wipe antenna prototype over 30-88MHz was made. Experimental results show that VSWR≤2.5, GAIN≥1dBi.It meets the requirements of the customer. If some losses were introduced, the antenna bandwidth can be expanded to wider range, such as 30-400MHz by adjusting LC circuit and the ratio impedance transfer.
In addition, a design program of ionosphere vertical detection antenna is proposed, which used inverted V antenna structure with the matching tuner. The antenna has the advantages of simple structure and easy installation and removal. The feasibility of the antenna is verified through the numerical simulation and scale model test.
引文
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[2]雷雪,张广求,周慧琴.超短波宽带二元双锥天线系统设计与实现.无线通信技术, 2004, 4(4):40-43.
[3]周斌,刘其中,纪奕才等.超短波宽带双鞭天线的研究.电波科学学报, 2005, 20(l):115-118.
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[5]柳超,刘其中,梁玉军.舰用短波宽带鞭状天线的研究.电波科学学报, 2006, 12(21): 955-958.
[6]谢处方,王安石,文希里.加载与媒质中天线.成都:电子科技大学出版社, 1990.
[7] R. F.哈林登.计算电磁场的矩量法.北京:国防工业出版社, 1981, 201-211.
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[10]林昌禄.近代天线设计.北京:人民邮电出版社, 1990.
[11]林昌禄.天线工程手册.北京:电子工业出版社, 2002, 413-424.
[12]王元坤,李玉权.线天线的宽频带技术.西安:西安电子科技大学, 1995, 4-9.
[13]李剑峰.小型宽带鞭状天线设计综述.杭州电子工业学院学报, 2000, 20, (6): 52-55.
[14] Fujimoto K, Hirasawa K, Henderson A Small antenna. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Research Studies Press, 1987,2-4.
[15] Y. Hao, C. G. Paini. Isolation enhancement of anisotropic UC-PBG micro strip diplexer patch Antenna. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters.2002,1(1): 135-137.
[16] Ang Yu, Xuexia Zhang. A novel method to improve the performance of micro strip antenna Array using a dumbbell EBG structure. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letter.2003,2(1):170-172.
[17]陈惠开,黎安尧.宽带匹配网络的理论与设计.北京:人民邮电出版社, 1988,15-20.
[18]孙保华,周良明,肖辉.天线宽带匹配网络的设计与计算方法.西安电子科技大学学报, 1999, 26(6): 793-797.
[19]向春清,胡修林,陈海涛.短波宽带天线及匹配网络的优化设计.华中科技大学学报, 2002, 30(8): 7-9.
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[21] J. W. Rockaway. Interactive Computer Aid for Design of Broadband Antenna Matching Networks. NELC Technical Note TN2733, 1974.
[22] D. J. Seleem, S. Match, A Computer Program for Design and Optimization of broadband Antenna Matching Networks, NUSC Technical Memo random 851154, 1985.
[23] D. C. Youla, A new theory of broadband matching. IEEE trans .on Circuit Theory, 1965,3: 0-50.
[24] Omar M.ramahi, Design of a matching network for an HF antenna using the real method, IEEE Trans. 1989 ,4 (4).
[25]谢拥军,王鹏,李磊等. Ansoft HFSS基础及应用.西安:西安电子科技大学, 2007, 27-37.
[26]谢拥军. Ansoft高级培训班教材-Ansoft HFSS的有限元理论基础.西安:西安电子科技大学, 2005.
[27]徐良,刘其中,汪文秉.旋转对称体宽带天线的研究.电子学报, 1997, 25(12): 108-111.
[28]单秋山.天线.北京:国防工业出版社, 1989.
[29]魏文元,宫德明,陈必森.天线原理.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社, 2005.
[30]徐良,石首元,焦永昌等.低轮廓全向宽带天线的研究.电子学报, 1995, 12(增刊).
[31]康行建.天线原理与设计.北京:北京理工大学出版社, 1993.
[32] (日)K. Fujimoto, (美)J.R .James著;杨可忠,井淑华译.移动天线系统手册.北京:人民邮电出版社, 1999.
[33] Ansoft HFSS11 handbook, Ansoft公司.
[34]宗显政,文武丰.新型舰载超短波宽带天线.电波科学学报, 2004, 10(增刊).
[35]张敏. CST微波工作室用户全书.成都:电子科技术大学出版社. 2005.
[36]刘刚,秦建军,王春阳等.单极粗振子天线的超宽带性能分析.空军工程大学学报, 2002, 3(4): 36-39.
[37]周朝栋,杨恩耀.电小天线.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社, 1990.
[38]孙保华,纪奕才,刘其中. VHF/UHF天线宽带匹配网络的优化设计与实验研究.电子学报, 2002, 30(6): 797-799.
[39]周朝栋,王元坤,周良明.线天线理论与工程,西安:西安电子科技大学出版社, 1988.
[40]徐良,韩香娥,刘其中等.旋转对称体天线宽带特性研究.电子学报. 1997, 12.
[41] C.T. Tai, J. Appl . On the Theory of biconical antenna. phys. 1948, 12(19) 1155-1160.
[42]徐良,毛乃宏,汪文秉.短波宽带天线增益测量新方法.西安交通大学学报, 1996, 30(9).
[43]张福顺,张进民.天线测量.西安:西安安电子科技大学出版社. 1995.
[44]廖承恩.微波技术基础.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社. 1994.
[45]金建铭.电磁场有限元方法.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社. 1998.
[46]易晶珑,李虎,邓冀云等.论电离层垂测天线.电波科学学报, 2008, 4(23): 325-330.
[47]宋铮,黄建华,张冶.天线与电波传播.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社.2002
[2]雷雪,张广求,周慧琴.超短波宽带二元双锥天线系统设计与实现.无线通信技术, 2004, 4(4):40-43.
[3]周斌,刘其中,纪奕才等.超短波宽带双鞭天线的研究.电波科学学报, 2005, 20(l):115-118.
[4]徐良,朱红星,毛乃红.一种新型舰用短波宽带天线.电波科学学报, 1998, 3(13): 74-78.
[5]柳超,刘其中,梁玉军.舰用短波宽带鞭状天线的研究.电波科学学报, 2006, 12(21): 955-958.
[6]谢处方,王安石,文希里.加载与媒质中天线.成都:电子科技大学出版社, 1990.
[7] R. F.哈林登.计算电磁场的矩量法.北京:国防工业出版社, 1981, 201-211.
[8] (美)C. A.巴拉尼斯著.天线理论分析与设计(上册).北京:电子工业出版社, 1988.
[9] (美)C. A.巴拉尼斯著.天线理论分析与设计(下册).北京:电子工业出版社, 1988.
[10]林昌禄.近代天线设计.北京:人民邮电出版社, 1990.
[11]林昌禄.天线工程手册.北京:电子工业出版社, 2002, 413-424.
[12]王元坤,李玉权.线天线的宽频带技术.西安:西安电子科技大学, 1995, 4-9.
[13]李剑峰.小型宽带鞭状天线设计综述.杭州电子工业学院学报, 2000, 20, (6): 52-55.
[14] Fujimoto K, Hirasawa K, Henderson A Small antenna. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Research Studies Press, 1987,2-4.
[15] Y. Hao, C. G. Paini. Isolation enhancement of anisotropic UC-PBG micro strip diplexer patch Antenna. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters.2002,1(1): 135-137.
[16] Ang Yu, Xuexia Zhang. A novel method to improve the performance of micro strip antenna Array using a dumbbell EBG structure. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letter.2003,2(1):170-172.
[17]陈惠开,黎安尧.宽带匹配网络的理论与设计.北京:人民邮电出版社, 1988,15-20.
[18]孙保华,周良明,肖辉.天线宽带匹配网络的设计与计算方法.西安电子科技大学学报, 1999, 26(6): 793-797.
[19]向春清,胡修林,陈海涛.短波宽带天线及匹配网络的优化设计.华中科技大学学报, 2002, 30(8): 7-9.
[20] W. K. Chen. Theory and Design of Broadband Matching Networks. Program Press Led. Oxford, Great Britain,1976.
[21] J. W. Rockaway. Interactive Computer Aid for Design of Broadband Antenna Matching Networks. NELC Technical Note TN2733, 1974.
[22] D. J. Seleem, S. Match, A Computer Program for Design and Optimization of broadband Antenna Matching Networks, NUSC Technical Memo random 851154, 1985.
[23] D. C. Youla, A new theory of broadband matching. IEEE trans .on Circuit Theory, 1965,3: 0-50.
[24] Omar M.ramahi, Design of a matching network for an HF antenna using the real method, IEEE Trans. 1989 ,4 (4).
[25]谢拥军,王鹏,李磊等. Ansoft HFSS基础及应用.西安:西安电子科技大学, 2007, 27-37.
[26]谢拥军. Ansoft高级培训班教材-Ansoft HFSS的有限元理论基础.西安:西安电子科技大学, 2005.
[27]徐良,刘其中,汪文秉.旋转对称体宽带天线的研究.电子学报, 1997, 25(12): 108-111.
[28]单秋山.天线.北京:国防工业出版社, 1989.
[29]魏文元,宫德明,陈必森.天线原理.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社, 2005.
[30]徐良,石首元,焦永昌等.低轮廓全向宽带天线的研究.电子学报, 1995, 12(增刊).
[31]康行建.天线原理与设计.北京:北京理工大学出版社, 1993.
[32] (日)K. Fujimoto, (美)J.R .James著;杨可忠,井淑华译.移动天线系统手册.北京:人民邮电出版社, 1999.
[33] Ansoft HFSS11 handbook, Ansoft公司.
[34]宗显政,文武丰.新型舰载超短波宽带天线.电波科学学报, 2004, 10(增刊).
[35]张敏. CST微波工作室用户全书.成都:电子科技术大学出版社. 2005.
[36]刘刚,秦建军,王春阳等.单极粗振子天线的超宽带性能分析.空军工程大学学报, 2002, 3(4): 36-39.
[37]周朝栋,杨恩耀.电小天线.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社, 1990.
[38]孙保华,纪奕才,刘其中. VHF/UHF天线宽带匹配网络的优化设计与实验研究.电子学报, 2002, 30(6): 797-799.
[39]周朝栋,王元坤,周良明.线天线理论与工程,西安:西安电子科技大学出版社, 1988.
[40]徐良,韩香娥,刘其中等.旋转对称体天线宽带特性研究.电子学报. 1997, 12.
[41] C.T. Tai, J. Appl . On the Theory of biconical antenna. phys. 1948, 12(19) 1155-1160.
[42]徐良,毛乃宏,汪文秉.短波宽带天线增益测量新方法.西安交通大学学报, 1996, 30(9).
[43]张福顺,张进民.天线测量.西安:西安安电子科技大学出版社. 1995.
[44]廖承恩.微波技术基础.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社. 1994.
[45]金建铭.电磁场有限元方法.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社. 1998.
[46]易晶珑,李虎,邓冀云等.论电离层垂测天线.电波科学学报, 2008, 4(23): 325-330.
[47]宋铮,黄建华,张冶.天线与电波传播.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社.2002