角锥棱镜角度误差测量系统的研究
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摘要
为了满足角锥棱镜实际生产中效率和成本的要求,需要对其测量系统进行研究,以改进其测量系统。本文研究的主要内容有:数学建模、图像处理、图像采集与数据管理、试验数据与分析等四部分。
数学建模部分,首先根据实际情况建立空间直角坐标系,利用矢量形式的折射定律和反射定律,求出角锥棱镜出射光线与入射光线之间的夹角和角锥棱镜各直角误差的关系,然后根据光在角锥棱镜中的行进路径,计算出从棱镜中出射的六束光线在各个平面上的对应区域,最后根据六束光线出射的位置和方向,并结合光学系统,求出图像与角锥棱镜各平面之间夹角误差的关系。
图像处理部分,首先介绍了图像增强技术、图像分割技术、目标边缘检测、图像匹配算法、二值图像处理及图像测量方式等内容,然后,根据实际得到的图像,叙述了图像处理的过程:读取图像、图像转换、灰度图像转换为二值图像、确定图像的位置坐标、重组分割图像、预处理图像(即“花瓣”)、提取特征参数并输入结果等。
图像采集与数据管理部分,首先介绍了如何在VC环境下进行图像采集和分析,然后介绍了怎样利用ACCESS数据库进行数据管理。
试验数据与分析部分,首先对测得的数据整理分析,并进行误差分析,然后得出结论。
In order to satisfy the need of efficiency and cost in manufacturing pyramid prism, we should study its measuring system so that we improve the measuring system. This paper dedicates to these studies: mathematics modeling, image processing, image gathering and data management, test data and its analysis.
In the part of mathematics modeling, firstly, we get the relationships between rectangular error of pyramid prism and crossing angle where the pyramid prism’s incidence beam intersects its emergence beam by reflection law and refraction law in the vector form on the basis of establishing rectangular coordinate frame, secondly, we compute corresponding area in every pyramid prism’s plane to which 6 emergence beams come from pyramid prim by the ray’s traveling path across pyramid prism, finally, we gain the relationships between images and errors of the crossing angles where each two pyramid prism’s planes intersect on the foundation of combining optical system with the situations and directions of the 6 emergence beams.
In the part of image processing, firstly, such as image enhancement technique, image segmentation technique, object edge detection, image matching arithmetic, binary image processing, and image measuring method , etc. are introduced; then the image processing course including image reading, image conversion, grayscale image converted binary image, conforming image positional coordinate, image reparation, image preprocessing(it is petal), extracting diagnostic parameters, and outputting results is described basing images gotten actually
In the part of image gathering and data management, the paper introduces how to gather and analyze images in VC environment and how to manage database using ACCESS.
Data gotten from test are cleared up and analyzed, then tolerance analysis is made, lastly the inclusion is educed in the part of test and their analysis.
数学建模部分,首先根据实际情况建立空间直角坐标系,利用矢量形式的折射定律和反射定律,求出角锥棱镜出射光线与入射光线之间的夹角和角锥棱镜各直角误差的关系,然后根据光在角锥棱镜中的行进路径,计算出从棱镜中出射的六束光线在各个平面上的对应区域,最后根据六束光线出射的位置和方向,并结合光学系统,求出图像与角锥棱镜各平面之间夹角误差的关系。
图像处理部分,首先介绍了图像增强技术、图像分割技术、目标边缘检测、图像匹配算法、二值图像处理及图像测量方式等内容,然后,根据实际得到的图像,叙述了图像处理的过程:读取图像、图像转换、灰度图像转换为二值图像、确定图像的位置坐标、重组分割图像、预处理图像(即“花瓣”)、提取特征参数并输入结果等。
图像采集与数据管理部分,首先介绍了如何在VC环境下进行图像采集和分析,然后介绍了怎样利用ACCESS数据库进行数据管理。
试验数据与分析部分,首先对测得的数据整理分析,并进行误差分析,然后得出结论。
In order to satisfy the need of efficiency and cost in manufacturing pyramid prism, we should study its measuring system so that we improve the measuring system. This paper dedicates to these studies: mathematics modeling, image processing, image gathering and data management, test data and its analysis.
In the part of mathematics modeling, firstly, we get the relationships between rectangular error of pyramid prism and crossing angle where the pyramid prism’s incidence beam intersects its emergence beam by reflection law and refraction law in the vector form on the basis of establishing rectangular coordinate frame, secondly, we compute corresponding area in every pyramid prism’s plane to which 6 emergence beams come from pyramid prim by the ray’s traveling path across pyramid prism, finally, we gain the relationships between images and errors of the crossing angles where each two pyramid prism’s planes intersect on the foundation of combining optical system with the situations and directions of the 6 emergence beams.
In the part of image processing, firstly, such as image enhancement technique, image segmentation technique, object edge detection, image matching arithmetic, binary image processing, and image measuring method , etc. are introduced; then the image processing course including image reading, image conversion, grayscale image converted binary image, conforming image positional coordinate, image reparation, image preprocessing(it is petal), extracting diagnostic parameters, and outputting results is described basing images gotten actually
In the part of image gathering and data management, the paper introduces how to gather and analyze images in VC environment and how to manage database using ACCESS.
Data gotten from test are cleared up and analyzed, then tolerance analysis is made, lastly the inclusion is educed in the part of test and their analysis.
引文
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[6] D.马拉卡拉.光学车间检测.北京:机械工业出版社,1983. 153～169
[7]光学测量与仪器编写组.光学测量与仪器.北京:国防工业出版社,1976. 85～92
[8]卢亚雄,吕百达.矩阵光学.大连:大连理工大学出版社,1989. 112～117
[9]蒋本和等.用激光准直及CCD检测的小角度测量系统.激光与红外,1998,28(4):233-234
[10]黄清渠.几何量测量.北京:机械工业出版社,1981. 45～49
[11]董艳玲.准直激光束和五角棱镜回转扫描法测量大型工件平面度.计量技术,1990,18(2):54～56
[12]冈萨雷斯.数字图像处理(MATLAB版).北京:电子工业出版社,2005. 79～86
[13]梁铨延.物理光学.北京:机械工业出版社,1980. 15～24
[14]叶声华.激光在精密计量中的应用.北京:机械工业出版社,1980. 73～78
[15]夏良正.数字图像处理.南京:东南大学出版社,1999. 62～66
[16]王新成.高级图像处理技术.北京:中国科技出版社,2001. 121～123
[17]徐晓刚,高兆法,王秀娟. Visual C++6.0入门与提高.北京:清华大学出版社,1999. 130～134
[18]王腾蛟,刘云峰,汤普生.新概念Visual C++6.0教程.北京:科海集团公司,2000. 99～107
[19]赵荣椿等.数字图像处理导论.西安:西北工业大学出版社,1996. 47～53
[20]刘文萍,吴立德.图像分割中阀值选取方法比较研究.模式识别与人工智能,1997,28(3):65～67
[21]赵雪松,陈淑珍.综合全局二值化与边缘检测的图像分割方法.计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2001,13(2):21～22
[22] Kenneth R.Castleman. DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING. Prentice-Hall International Inc,1998. 29～31
[23] A.Rosenfeld and A.C.Kak. Digital Picture Processing,second Edition. New Youk:Aedemic press,1982. 57～59
[24]崔风亏等.二值图像细化算法的比较与改进.洛阳工学院学报,1997,18(4):48～52
[25]吴世法.近代成像技术与图像处理.北京:国防工业出版社,2000. 42～44
[26]何斌等. Visual C++数字图像处理.北京:人民邮电出版社,2001. 62～71
[27] ROSENFELDA,KAKAC. Digital Picture Processing. New York Academic Press,1976. 164～169
[28]张兆礼等.现代图像处理技术及Matlab实现.北京:人民邮电出版社,2001. 75～82
[29]宋芳莉.图像边缘检测中的方法研究:[硕士毕业论文].西安:西北工业大学,2002
[30]吴纪国.数字图像处理技术在几何量精密测量中的应用研究:[硕士毕业论文].成都:中国工程物理研究院,2005
[31] Stein E.M, Weiss G. Introduction to Fourier analysis on Euclidean spaces. Princeton:Princeton University Press,1971. 72～74
[32] Rafael C.Gonzalez,Richard E.Woods. Digital Image Processing(Second Edition). Publishing House of Electronics Industry,2003. 96～99
[33] Mathworks Company. Matlab Image Processing Toolbox. MATLAB,2004. 46～57
[34] Carlo Braccini. Image Analysis and Processing. Springer,1995,17(4):75～82
[35] Pavlidis T. Algorithms for graphics and image processsing. Rockville,Washington DC,USA:Computer Science Press,1982. 221-234
[36] Rafacl C.Gonzalcz,Richard E.Woods,Steven L. Eddins Digital Image Processing Using MATLAB. Prentice Hall,2004. 131～137
[37] Haralick RM,Shapiro LG.. Image segmentation techniques. CVGIP,1985. 67～71
[38] Nelder,J.A,and Mead,R. A simplex method for function minimization. Computer Journal,1964,15(7):308～313
[39] David S.Mabler,Zuhair B.Kharoufa. Image Processing for a Pavement Crack Monitor. Starategic Highway Reasearch Program,1990,25(6):90～100
[40] A.K.Jain. Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing. Prentice Hall Inc,1989. 125～129
[41] Y.Nakagawa,A Rosenfeld. A note on the use of local min and max operations in digital picture processing. IEEE Trans.,Man,Cybern.,1978,8(8):632～635
[2]殷达安,林银森.高精度锥体棱镜的“自差法”检测技术.测绘学报,1994,23(3):94～95
[3]苏大图.光学测试技术.北京:北京理工大学出版社,1996. 115～117
[4]李晓彤.几何光学与光学设计.杭州:浙江大学出版社,1997. 4～5
[5]陈邓云,沈忙作.阵列探测器的像点亚像素定位精度.光学学报,1993,13(4):82～84
[6] D.马拉卡拉.光学车间检测.北京:机械工业出版社,1983. 153～169
[7]光学测量与仪器编写组.光学测量与仪器.北京:国防工业出版社,1976. 85～92
[8]卢亚雄,吕百达.矩阵光学.大连:大连理工大学出版社,1989. 112～117
[9]蒋本和等.用激光准直及CCD检测的小角度测量系统.激光与红外,1998,28(4):233-234
[10]黄清渠.几何量测量.北京:机械工业出版社,1981. 45～49
[11]董艳玲.准直激光束和五角棱镜回转扫描法测量大型工件平面度.计量技术,1990,18(2):54～56
[12]冈萨雷斯.数字图像处理(MATLAB版).北京:电子工业出版社,2005. 79～86
[13]梁铨延.物理光学.北京:机械工业出版社,1980. 15～24
[14]叶声华.激光在精密计量中的应用.北京:机械工业出版社,1980. 73～78
[15]夏良正.数字图像处理.南京:东南大学出版社,1999. 62～66
[16]王新成.高级图像处理技术.北京:中国科技出版社,2001. 121～123
[17]徐晓刚,高兆法,王秀娟. Visual C++6.0入门与提高.北京:清华大学出版社,1999. 130～134
[18]王腾蛟,刘云峰,汤普生.新概念Visual C++6.0教程.北京:科海集团公司,2000. 99～107
[19]赵荣椿等.数字图像处理导论.西安:西北工业大学出版社,1996. 47～53
[20]刘文萍,吴立德.图像分割中阀值选取方法比较研究.模式识别与人工智能,1997,28(3):65～67
[21]赵雪松,陈淑珍.综合全局二值化与边缘检测的图像分割方法.计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2001,13(2):21～22
[22] Kenneth R.Castleman. DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING. Prentice-Hall International Inc,1998. 29～31
[23] A.Rosenfeld and A.C.Kak. Digital Picture Processing,second Edition. New Youk:Aedemic press,1982. 57～59
[24]崔风亏等.二值图像细化算法的比较与改进.洛阳工学院学报,1997,18(4):48～52
[25]吴世法.近代成像技术与图像处理.北京:国防工业出版社,2000. 42～44
[26]何斌等. Visual C++数字图像处理.北京:人民邮电出版社,2001. 62～71
[27] ROSENFELDA,KAKAC. Digital Picture Processing. New York Academic Press,1976. 164～169
[28]张兆礼等.现代图像处理技术及Matlab实现.北京:人民邮电出版社,2001. 75～82
[29]宋芳莉.图像边缘检测中的方法研究:[硕士毕业论文].西安:西北工业大学,2002
[30]吴纪国.数字图像处理技术在几何量精密测量中的应用研究:[硕士毕业论文].成都:中国工程物理研究院,2005
[31] Stein E.M, Weiss G. Introduction to Fourier analysis on Euclidean spaces. Princeton:Princeton University Press,1971. 72～74
[32] Rafael C.Gonzalez,Richard E.Woods. Digital Image Processing(Second Edition). Publishing House of Electronics Industry,2003. 96～99
[33] Mathworks Company. Matlab Image Processing Toolbox. MATLAB,2004. 46～57
[34] Carlo Braccini. Image Analysis and Processing. Springer,1995,17(4):75～82
[35] Pavlidis T. Algorithms for graphics and image processsing. Rockville,Washington DC,USA:Computer Science Press,1982. 221-234
[36] Rafacl C.Gonzalcz,Richard E.Woods,Steven L. Eddins Digital Image Processing Using MATLAB. Prentice Hall,2004. 131～137
[37] Haralick RM,Shapiro LG.. Image segmentation techniques. CVGIP,1985. 67～71
[38] Nelder,J.A,and Mead,R. A simplex method for function minimization. Computer Journal,1964,15(7):308～313
[39] David S.Mabler,Zuhair B.Kharoufa. Image Processing for a Pavement Crack Monitor. Starategic Highway Reasearch Program,1990,25(6):90～100
[40] A.K.Jain. Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing. Prentice Hall Inc,1989. 125～129
[41] Y.Nakagawa,A Rosenfeld. A note on the use of local min and max operations in digital picture processing. IEEE Trans.,Man,Cybern.,1978,8(8):632～635